Term
| what are the 3 categories of psychomotor stimulants |
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Definition
methylaxanthines
nicotine
amphetamines |
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Term
| what 2 drugs are methylaxanthines |
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Definition
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Term
| what 8 drugs are amphetamines |
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Definition
sodium oxybate
modafinil
cocaine
ephedrine
methamphetamine
phentermine
deotroamphetamin |
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Term
| what 3 drugs are used for the same purposes as amphetamines but are not amphetamines |
|
Definition
sibtramine
amoextine
quanfacine |
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Term
| what 2 drugs are methylaxathines |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates nicotinic receptors in CNS causing depolarization |
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Term
|
Definition
euphoria
arousal
improves attention
learning
problem solving
reaction time |
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Term
| where is nicotine absorbed 5 |
|
Definition
oral mucosa
lungs
GI mucosa
skin |
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Term
| where is nicotine distributed |
|
Definition
| lipid soluble so everywhere |
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|
Term
| where is noctine metabolized 2 |
|
Definition
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Term
| how is nicotine used in medicine |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
release of biogenic amines (NE, D, SE) from storage sites in nerve terminals
may interfere with re-uptake of NT into neurons |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
| amphetamines metabolization |
|
Definition
catabolic pathway
excreted in urine
possible Fe trap of weak base |
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|
Term
| dopamine SE of amphetamines 4 |
|
Definition
increased alertness
decreased fatigue
decreased appetite
insomnia |
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|
Term
| CNS SE of amphetamine OD 8 |
|
Definition
restlessness
tenseness
irritability
weaness
insomnia
confusion
delirium
paranoid hallucinations
suicdal/homicidal |
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|
Term
|
Definition
headahce
palpitation
arrhythmia
HTN
circulatory collapse
sweating |
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|
Term
| what organ systems are affected in amphetamine OD 3 |
|
Definition
CV
Cns
autonomic - sweating |
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|
Term
| why are amphetamines abused 2 |
|
Definition
tolerance develops to anorexia and wuphoria
psychological dependence with chronic use |
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Term
| why are amphetamines used in medicine 2 |
|
Definition
nacrolepsy: uncontrollable desire for sleep
ADHD: hyperactivity in children |
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Term
|
Definition
less central effects
more peripherial effects |
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|
Term
|
Definition
more central effects
less peripherial effects
less euphoria and CNS effect |
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Term
|
Definition
| piperdine amphetamine derivative |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| acts on adrenergic and dopamine pathways (similar to aphetamine) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| short term behavorial modification, with diet and exercise in obese (3wk) |
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|
Term
| SE/interactions with phentermine 2 |
|
Definition
contraindicated with CV issues
HTN crisis with MAOI |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a and b adrenergic antagonist, enhances NE release |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| block reuptake of dopamine by inhibiting NT in pre-synaptic neuron |
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|
Term
|
Definition
similar properities to amphetamine
wea dopamine reuptake inhibitor |
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|
Term
|
Definition
narcolepsy
high dose for ADHD |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| unspecific CNS depressant |
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|
Term
|
Definition
narcolepsy
cataplexy: muscle weakness
reduces attacks (take at bed time 2.5-4h after falling asleep) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
depression
bedwetting
sleep walking
abuse potential |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits re-uptake of NE and SE and interacts with receptors causing hunger |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
| contraindications and interactions with sibutramine 7 |
|
Definition
HTN
CV disease
stroke
glaycoma
renal/hepatic disease
cardiac valve disorders
interaction - MAOI |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| re-uptake inhibitor of NE and SE |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| agonist at post synaptic a-2A adrenergic receptors |
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|
Term
| contraindications quanfacine |
|
Definition
| caution with cardiac problems |
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|
Term
| what are the two main sources of caffiene |
|
Definition
coffee- coffea arbica
cola - cola acuminate |
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|
Term
| how much caffiene is the effective oral dose, what 3 symptoms |
|
Definition
85-150mg
increased alertness
loss of fatigue
better attention |
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|
Term
| how much caffiene is OD, what are 3 signs |
|
Definition
>200mg
nervousness
restlessness
tremors |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
phosphodiesterase inhibitor increases cAMP
adenosine A1/2 receptor antagonist
increases neurotransmission amplifying cyclic nucleotide second messengers |
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|
Term
| where is throphylline absorbed 3 |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| where is throphylline metabolized and how 2 |
|
Definition
liver
demythlation
oxidation |
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|
Term
| wht is throphylline used for, how is it dosed |
|
Definition
high dose: seizure refractory to anti-convulsants
any dose: stimulates resporation, N/B, increase CP and HR (lessens with repeated use) |
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Term
| what is the initial effet of low dose alcohol |
|
Definition
| stimulant due to supression of inhibitor systems |
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|
Term
| what is the effect of high dose alcohol (non chronic) 3 |
|
Definition
sedation
impairs recent memory
causes black outs |
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|
Term
| what is the effect of heavy alcohol consumption on the body 9 |
|
Definition
toxic to liver, CV disease, endocrine, GT, malnutrition, CNS dysfunction
tolerance, physical dependence, withdrawl |
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|
Term
| how much alcohol does it take to be dangerous in the presence with another CNS depressant |
|
Definition
| respiratory depression occurs at 200-300mg/dl so at this time |
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|
Term
| how much alcohol does it take to be dangerous even without another CNS depressant |
|
Definition
>300mg/dl
unconcious
severe respiratory and CV depression
black outs |
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|
Term
| what is the highest amt of alcohol recorded consumed without death |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what what amount of alcohol is driving impaired and when is the person unable to drive |
|
Definition
impaired from 0-100mg
inability from 100mg+ |
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|
Term
| what amount of alcohol will someone stagger |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| where does alcohol distribute to in the body |
|
Definition
everywhere
even CNS (fetal alcohol syndrome) |
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Term
| explain the metabolism of ethanol |
|
Definition
liver > alcohol DH turns it into acetaldehyde
acetaldehyde DH turns it into acetate
acetate goes to tissues and is odidized into CO2 and water |
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Term
| explain excretion of ethanol |
|
Definition
varies with genetic mix of isoenzymes and blood concentration
leads to limited zero order kinetics metabolism |
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|
Term
| what do asians ahve a defficiency in |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what 3 drugs are used to treat chronic alcoholism |
|
Definition
disulfram
anltrexone
acamprostate Ca |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits ADH and ALDH so acetyaledhyde accumulates |
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|
Term
|
Definition
vasodilation
throbbing headache
hypotension
thirst
sweating
CP
vomiting |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
in vitro affinity for GABA a and b receptors but dosent share their effects suggesting other MOA
decreases effect of naturally occuring excitatory NT glutamate in the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| decreases plesant high associated with alcohol comsumption |
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Term
| why is ethanol used in medicine, in conjunction with what other procedure |
|
Definition
ethanol competes for ADH and prevents conversion of toxic substances
usually the toxic substance isnt broke down into a toxin and must be removed by hemodialysis |
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|
Term
| how is methanol broken down in the body |
|
Definition
| ADH metablizes it to formaldehyde and formic acid |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| how is ethylene glycol broken down in the body |
|
Definition
ADH metabolizes to glucolic and oxalic acids
causes renal toxicity and severe acidosis |
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