Term
| What is the role of the FDA? |
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Definition
| To regulate safety and drug laws. They do NOT test drugs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The chemical name given by the original developer of the drug. EXP: acetaminophen. NOT capitalized |
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Term
|
Definition
| The name give to a particular drug by the manufacturer. Brand name and is Capitalized. Exp: Tylenol is trade name for acetaminophen. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Highest risk for abuse. NOT therapeutic. Exp: street drugs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Least potential for abuse, OTC (over-the-counter. The risk are overdose or misuse. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process that occurs from the tie a drug enters the body until it reaches the bloodstream. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process in which drugs are carried through the blood stream to target action site. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The meathod by which drugs are inactivated or bio-transformed. Converts fat-soluble drugs into water-soluble metabolites. |
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Term
|
Definition
| How the drug exits the body. Usually through the kidneys and out the urine. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Drugs that produce a response by acceleration or slowing of normal cellular process. Similar affects as hormones. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits/blocks cell function |
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Term
|
Definition
| Occurs when two drugs with similar actions are taken to produce greater affects. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When two drugs with different sites or mechanisms of action produce greater effects when taken together. |
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Term
|
Definition
| One drug interferes with the metabolism of another drug. May lead to intensified effects of second drug. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A drug with a strong attraction to a protein binding site may displace (knock it off the protein) thus increasing the effects of the displaced drug. |
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Term
|
Definition
| From CNS stimulation...levels of consciousness |
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Term
|
Definition
| Nausea or vomiting. Bleeding or ulceration |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thrombosis, excessive bleeding, clot formation, bone marrow depression, leukopenia. Usually from patient misuse. |
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Term
|
Definition
| hepatitis, liver dysfunction or failure, biliary tract disorders |
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Term
|
Definition
| nephritis, renal insufficiency or failure. Cause by several antimicrobial agents. May interfere with drug excretion. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Previously exposed to the drug skin rashes, anaphylactic shock. |
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Term
|
Definition
| most commonly caused by allergic reaction. Hives, rash, enlarged lymph nodes, joint and muscle pain. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Occurs usually the first time a person takes it and alters a persons drug metabolizing enzyme's for that drug. |
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Term
|
Definition
| With mind altering drug. Opioid s, patient experiences withdrawal symptoms. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Causes abnormal fetal development |
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Term
| What are medication errors |
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Definition
Drug manufactures fail to list warnings
Prescribe-rs, pharmacies and nurses fail to check patients condition and list of other drugs they may be taking or they make an error by given them the wrong dosage or drug. |
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Term
| What are the routs of drug administration? |
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Definition
| IV, Sub-Q, Oral, Inhalers, Rectal, Topical |
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Term
| What is the prototype for opioid agonist? |
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Definition
| Morphine: Schedule II, pain reliever. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Opioid antagonist...antidote for morphine. Treats respiratory depression caused by an opioid. Short duration of action time. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Prototype is aspirin: anti-inflammatory and anti-phyretics. Exp: Ibprophen. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fever reducer and pain reducer but NOT anti-inflammatory. Considered an NSAID |
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Term
|
Definition
| Prototype is Diazepam (Valium) Sedative drugs. Seizure recover. All drugs enging in "am" |
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Term
|
Definition
| Antidote for benzodiazepines. |
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Term
|
Definition
lunesta, Zoloft, Lexapro:
Sedative and sleep aids. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| long term use hypnotic/sleep aid. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Short term use3 hypnotic (7-10 days). Schedule IV |
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Term
| What anti-psychotic drug has an adverse effect which results in Tardive Dyskinesia? |
|
Definition
| Chloropromazine (Thorazine) |
|
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Term
| What are the side effects of Clorzapine (Clozaril)? |
|
Definition
| Bone marrow depression, need weekly lab monitoring of WBC count. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is a Tricyclics with sedating $ dry mouth side effects. Acts like anticholernergic drug. Anti-depressant. |
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Term
| What foods to avoid while taking monoamino oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)(MOI) |
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Definition
| Anything fermented. EXP: aged or blue cheese, sour krout, yogurt, yeast, wine. |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking phenytoin (Dilantin) a CNS drug for seizures? |
|
Definition
| gengerohyperplasia ataxia..recessed gums, and |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anti-seizure drug, acts like Dilantin, used for clonic-tonic seizures, tegratal in this group affects bone marrow. |
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Term
| What type of drug is Lamotrigine and what is the risk? |
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Definition
| Used for seizures and the risk is Stevens Johnson Syndrome/skin rash. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increases Dopamine levels. Exp Levadopa used for Parkinsonism |
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Term
|
Definition
| Prototype:Antorpine, used for IBS, Bronchodilator, arrhythmic) Inhibits the action of acetylcholine. |
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Term
| What is the antidote for Chloropromazine (Thorazine)? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Other than allergies, what is Benedryl used for? |
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Definition
| Helps dopamine to hold, reducing tremors. Used to reduce antipyramidle affects and parkinsons symptoms. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Acts like Librium...calms people down Used for alcohol detoxification and benzodiazepin withdrawal. Antihypertensive drug used to treat opioid withdrawal. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Only Alpha II agonist used(keeps BP Down)regulating normal cell function. Antihypertensive drug used to treat opioid withdrawal. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS stimulants Exp: Caffeine. |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse side effects of Amphetamines? |
|
Definition
| Excessive CNS stimulation, cardiovascular, and GI |
|
|
Term
| How much coffee is recommended per day? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Constricts blood vessels and increases norephenephrin. Give to someone in shock. Exp: Norepinephrin (Levofed) and Phenylephrin (Neo_Synephrine) |
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|
Term
| What is one of the side effects of Prozac? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Constricts blood vessles. "BLOCKER" prevents noephenephrin. Its and agonist but it acts like an antagonist. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Heart: Beats stronger and faster. Is activated by Dobatamin (Dobutrex). |
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|
Term
| What drug is the drug of choice for symptomatic bradycardic? |
|
Definition
| Atropine (prototype anticholinergic) |
|
|
Term
| What are the effects of activation the parasympathetic nervous system? |
|
Definition
Constricts pupils
Decreases heart rate
Increases motility of GI tract. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| It binds with the necessary )PBP) proteins in cell wall of bacteria interfering with cell wall synthesis and resulting in cell lysis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Aminoglycoside antibiotic: protine Antimicrobial: synthesis (IV) RISK: Ototoxicity (Vestibular disturbances, impaired hearing) Multiple daily doses. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bacteriocidal: Kidneys metabolize Used for UTI, multiple daily doses. Florocrinolone: DNA gyrase. Treats STD's, GI, UTI, Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC)infections. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Protein synthesis: problem with teeth in children and fetus. Penetrate microbial cells, inhibiting protein syntheses Used for Rocky Mountain Spotted fever, Syphilis, typhus, and H. Pylori |
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Term
| Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) |
|
Definition
| Ask patients if they are allergic to Sulfa Drugs. Prevent cells from reproducing (Bacteriostatic) |
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Term
|
Definition
| GI upset (macrolyte forming) protien synthesis. DONT GIVE FOR MYOCEMIA GRAVIS |
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Term
| What two drugs are Synergenic for TB treatment? |
|
Definition
| Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampin (Rifadin) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Best for TB, orally, secreted through kidneys. Problem with hepatitis, Jaundice and is hard on the liver. The vitamin, Pyridoxine is given with this drug. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Goes to all tissues, inducer, metabolized in liver. TURNS URINE and all body liquids ORANGE! Used for TB, Risk of hepatotoxicity. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Antiviral (herpes) not a cure. Inhibits viral reproduction. Reduces viral shedding. Does NOT eradicate latent herpes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used for HIV. For pregnant women |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Topical anti-fungal (thrush..yeast). Adverse is local irritation of burning and pain. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anti-fungal (oral or injection) May cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypatotoxicity, enzyme enducer. |
|
|
Term
| Which generation of Cephalosporins kills gram (+) the best? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which generation of Cephalosporins kills both gram(-) and gram(+)? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of drug would cause cross sensitivity of penicillins and cephalosporins? |
|
Definition
| Any drug that has a beta-lactam ring. |
|
|
Term
| How do beta-lactamase inhibitors work? |
|
Definition
| Adding clacularate binds with penicillinase added to kill more bacteria. |
|
|
Term
| What lab test is done to monitor aminoglycosides? |
|
Definition
| IV...peek and trough gentamyacin |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between aminoglycosides and fluroquinolones? |
|
Definition
| aminoflycosides are given IV and (ide=IV) fluroquinolones are given orally (at home) |
|
|
Term
| What is the assessment with patient on sulfonomides? |
|
Definition
| Ask if they have a sulfa allergy? |
|
|
Term
| What are the contraindicationis for macrolide antibiotics? |
|
Definition
| DONT give a patient with Myasthenia Gravis or a patient with impaired liver function. |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between rifampin and INH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the uses for antifungal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the anti-viral reproduction issues? |
|
Definition
| prevents antivirals from cellular multiplication--used for HIV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bactericidal, work against gram(-)bacteria. Risk are neurotocity. Given IV. Peek and trough levels must be done gutturally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used for bradycardia by speeding up the heart. Blocks actylcholine. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Helps prostate hypertrophy by relaxing the Ureter muscles and it also lowers heart-rate. Parasympathetic. |
|
|
Term
| What drug is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor? |
|
Definition
| Fluoxiting (prosac) must be tapered. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bronchodialation and vasodilation |
|
|
Term
| A normal fasting blood glucose should be between ___ - ___ mg/dl? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Short acting
The only insulin that can be given IV.
30 min onset |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intermediate acting
Long term administration
60 min onset
Given only SubQ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st Analog to be marketed
This insulin "is a pro"...acts so fast"
Rapid onset, short duration
Usually used with long acting insulin
Take with food
can be used in a pump but NOT in IV |
|
|
Term
| Insulin levemir (Determir) |
|
Definition
Basil type
"Determined to last a long time"
virually no peak of action
Give once daily at h.s.(bedtime)
60 min onset, duration 24 hrs
MUST NOT be diluted or mixed w/ any other insulin or solution
Given; once a day |
|
|
Term
| Insulin glargine (Lantus) |
|
Definition
Basil type
"Lasting a Long acting"
virually no peak of action
Give once daily at h.s.(bedtime)
60 min onset, duration 24 hrs
MUST NOT be diluted or mixed w/ any other insulin or solution
Given; once a day |
|
|
Term
Sulfonylureas= ide
Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Glyburide (Micronase) |
|
Definition
-Don't use if allergic to sulfa's
-Oldest and largest group of oral antidiabetic agents
-Increases insulin secretion
-used for type 2 diabetes/older adults
Adverse effect; hypoglycemia |
|
|
Term
Sulfonylureas
Glimepiride (Amaryl) |
|
Definition
Onset 1 hr.
peak 2-3 hr.
1 daily dose
can combine w/ insulin |
|
|
Term
Sulfonylureas
Glipizide (Glucotrol) |
|
Definition
Onset 1-1.5 hr.
peak n/a
duration 10-16 hr.
1 daily dose
higher does for elderly 2.5 mg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increases use of glucose by muscle & fat cells
Called antihyperglycemic because it doesn't cause hypoglycemia, even in large doses, when used alone.
Can use alone or combination.
Used on newly diagnosed patients type II.
Doesn't cause weigh gain, will lose weight.
Contraindiations; fever, infection, trauma, acidosis, pregnancy, hepatic/renal impairment, cardiac, respiratory, hypoxia, lactic acidois.
Has BBB warning; danger of lactic acidosis w/ Metformin(Glucophage) |
|
|
Term
Biguanide
Metformin (Glucophage) |
|
Definition
Older adults risk of developing lactic acidosis, a rare but fatal reaction.
Lower dose & monitoring w/ renal pts. |
|
|
Term
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Acarbose (Precose) |
|
Definition
Oral drug for Diabetes mellitus type 2
Combine w/ other orals or insulin's.
Delays digestion of carbohydrates when acarbose & food are present in the GI tract at same time.
Delayed digestion of carbs into glucose & simple sugars.
Glucose absorption delayed and food are present in GI tract at th same time.
NOT to be used in pts w/ malasorption bowel disease, may cause diarrhea.
Contraindication; hypersensitivity, DKA, hepaticcirrhosis, inflammatory, renal impairment and malaborptive intestinal disorders. |
|
|
Term
Glitazones
Pioglitazone (Actos) |
|
Definition
| Increases effects of insulin; may be used alone or with insulin, metformin or sulfonylurea. |
|
|
Term
Glitazones
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
|
Definition
| Increases effect of insulin; may be used alone or with insulin, metformin. |
|
|
Term
| Metformin (Glucophage)is classified as ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Glipizide (Glucotrol) are classified as ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Insulin levemir (Determir)
Insulin glargine (Lantus) are classified as ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used to treat Diabetes Insipidus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Insulin Analogs
Lispro(Humalog) |
|
Definition
| Synthesized in laboratories by altering type or sequence of amino acids |
|
|
Term
| For hypoglycemic medications which route of administration absorbs most rapidly and where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the goals of antidiabetic therapy? |
|
Definition
maintain normal blood glucose levels
promote normal metabolism of carbs, fat, protein.
prevent hypoglyceic episodes. |
|
|
Term
What is the non insulin treatment for diabetes?
Sitaliptin (Januvia) |
|
Definition
| DDP-4 gien alone or with metformin and/or thiazolidinediones for pts. with type 2 diabetes to improve glucose control. |
|
|
Term
Amylin Analog
Pramlintide (Symlin) |
|
Definition
A synthetic pancreatic hormone secreted w/ insulin, delays gastric emptying, increases satiety/promote weight loss, and suppresses glucagon secretion.
Use for adults with type 2 who have not achieved optimal glucose control w/ insulin alone.
May combine melformin & sulfonylureas w/ type 2.
Adm; SubQ before meals
BBB; hypoglycemiz in Type 1 and Nausea. |
|
|
Term
Biguanides
Metformine (Glucophage) |
|
Definition
Increases use of glucose by muscle &fat
Decreases hepatic glucose production, Decreases intestinal absorption of glucose.
Ideal for over weight pts w/ type 2, known to lose weight.
used for poly cystic ovarian syndrome
-Can cause lactic acidosis in older adults who have poor renal/hepatic function.
CONTRAINDICATIONS; fever, infections, trama, surgery, acidosis, pregnancy, cardiac, respiratory, hypoxia |
|
|
Term
Meglitinides
Repaglinide (Prandin) |
|
Definition
Non-sulfonylureas,
Lowers blood sugar by stimulating pancreatic scretions of insulin.
Take just before or 30 mins before meal. If meal is skipped, skip dose.
Can be used as a mono therapy or combine w/ metformin.
Metabolized & removed from bloodstream w/in 3-4 hours after dose.
Peak 1 hr. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sulfonylureas
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Biguanide
Thiazolidinediones (TZD's)
Meglitinides
Newer Drugs |
|
|
Term
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitors
Sitagliptin (Januvia) |
|
Definition
Balance release of insulin,
Limit release of glucose from liver.
Decreased gastric emptying
Induction of satiety.(feel full)
Solely for type 2 diabetes
Must NOT be combined w/ meds that cause hypoglycemia.
Side effects; upper respiratory tract infection, stuffy/runny nose, sore throat, headache.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: DO NOT USE TYPE 1, chronic kidney disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral hypoglycemic.
-Amylin analog
-Acts like amylin
-slows gastric emptying
-given for type 1 and 2 diabetes |
|
|
Term
Insulin Analogs
Insulin aspart (Novo log) |
|
Definition
Use "as part" of your meal.
-analog
-short duration
-fast acting
-can be used in a pump but NOT IN IV |
|
|
Term
Intermediate Acting Insulin
NPH (Humalin) |
|
Definition
Intermediate acting NOT FOR IV
-cloudy -mixed
-onset 60-90 min
-duration: 18-24hrs
-peak 8-12 hrs |
|
|
Term
| Thiazolidinediones (TZD's) |
|
Definition
"glitazones"
decreases insulin resistance, type 2
Increases or restores circulating insulin to increase uptake of glucose & decrease production of glucose.
DO NOT USE: pts w/ liver disease, hypersenstitive, heart failure
BBB: risk of CHF-increases plasma volume, MI, myocardio ischemic, angina. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Natural helper hormone
Stimulates pancrease to secrete right amt of insulin bases on what was eaten.
Stops gluconeogenesis by the liver
Slows gastric emptying
Major S/E GI distress & nausea. |
|
|
Term
TEST-
If pt received Humulin R/Novulin R and the onset is 30 mins. When do you want them to eat? |
|
Definition
| 30 minutes before injection. |
|
|
Term
| A pt. is perscribed Levimer insulin. What is the duration of this medication? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Moderate to servere vasomotor & atrophic symptoms associated w/ menopause.
Vaginal creams & rings
Treatment for metastatic breast carcinoma & advanced prostate cancer.
BBB: increase risk of cancer in uterus.
dementia, heart attacks, strokes, breast cancer & blood clots. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| birth control, menopause, replacement therapy (hypofunction of pituitary gland & ovaries) |
|
|
Term
Progestins
Medroxyporges-terone (Depo-provera)
Megestrol acetate (Megace)
Progesterone |
|
Definition
usually combination w/estrogen as contraceptives.
Dysmenorrhea, endoetriosis, uterine bleeding.
Depo-provera; hysterectomy
Progesterone; Treat menopausal symptoms & osteoporosis.
Megace; appetite, gain weight
transdermal patch |
|
|
Term
Hormonal Contraceptives
Ortho Novum |
|
Definition
Fixed amts of estrogen & progesterone.
"The Pill"
control fertility & prevent pregnancy
some menstual disorders/severe cramping. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used in hormonal contraceptives, transdermal patches
menopause |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications for use for Estrogens, Progestins, & hormonal contraceptives |
|
Definition
known or suspected pregnancy
thromboembolic disorders
cancers of breast/genital
vaginal/uterine bleeding
fibroid tumors of the uterus
active liver disease
history of CVA
age>35 who smokes
family history of reproductive/breast cancers. |
|
|
Term
Progestins
Emergency Contraceptives |
|
Definition
Plan B
Must be taken within 24 hours & no later than 72 hrs after exposure.
Does not work if already pregnant. |
|
|
Term
| Specific indications for estrogen, progestins, emergency contraceptives are? |
|
Definition
Contraception; almost 100% effective if taken correctly.
Emergency; Must take within 24 hrs no later then 72 hrs after exposure
Menopause; Estrogen replacement therapy/hot flashes
Osteoporosis; prevent bone resorption(breakdown) increased intestinal absorption of calcium.
RISKS OUT WEIGH BENEFITS UNLESS PT CAN NOT TAKE OTHER PREVENTATIVE MEDS. |
|
|
Term
Androgens
Testosterone cypionate (Depo Testosterone)
Testosterone gel (Androgel) |
|
Definition
Male sex hormones secreted
by testes in men, ovaries in women.
Very little androgenic activity by adrenal cortex in both.
Synthesized from cholesterol |
|
|
Term
Anabolic Steroids
Oxandrolone (Oxandrin)
Oxymetholone (Anadrol) |
|
Definition
Synthetic drug but similar to testosterone.
Increased ananbolic activity
Decreased andrognic activty
Developed to retain tissue building and growth stimulating effects.
Attempting to eliminate/reduce masculinizing effects. |
|
|
Term
| Indications for use for Anabolic Steroids are? |
|
Definition
Men;hyprogonadism, cryptorchidism, impotence.
Women; preven/treat endometriosis, fibrocystic breast disease
Illegal use more prevalent thatn clinical use. |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects for Anabolic Steroids are? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraindications for Anabolic Steroids are? |
|
Definition
Pregnancy; possible masculinizing effects on female fetus.
Liver disease
Prostate gland disorders
Children; use very cautiously x-rays q 6 month to evaluate bone growth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used therapeutically. Less potential for abuse
EXP: Phenobarbital and benzodiazepines (Valium ect). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HIGH potential for abuse, cannot be refilled, used therapeutically, dependance. EXP: morphine, oxycodone, methamphetamine, ritalin, and pentobarbital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LESS ABUSE potential, used therapeutically, may lead to psychological or physical dependency. EXP: anabolic steroids, ketamine, mixtures with small amounts of opiates. |
|
|
Term
| List the common/serious adverse drug effects? |
|
Definition
CNS-stimulates or depresses.
GI-Most common, N&V, constipation, diarrhea.
Hematologic-excessive bleeding, clot formtion, thrombosis, bone marrow depression w/ anticacer drugs.
Hepatic-hepatitis, liver dysfunction/failue, biliary tract disorders.
Nephrotoxicity-nephritis, rena insufficiency/failure occur w/ antimicrobial agents.
Hypersensitivity-allergy to any drug.
Drug Fever-drugs cause fever by allergic reaction, damaging body tissues, temp regulation center of brain.
Idosysncrasy-unexpected reaction to a drug.
Drug dependence-w/mind alterin drugs like opiods, sedate hypnotc, antianxiety, CNS stimulants
Carcinogeicity-for a drug to cause cancer including hormones, anticancer drugs.
Terogenicity-is the ability of substance to caueabnormal fetal development when taken by a pregnant women. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug, dose, patient, route, time |
|
|
Term
| Medication errors are estimated to cause ____-____ number of deaths each year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Chlorpromazine (Thorazine 1st gen) |
|
Definition
| Extrapyramidal effects, high seation, hypo-tension, CNS depression, increase prolactin levels. erectile dysfunction. |
|
|
Term
| What is the antidote for Acetaminophen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Benzoiazepin, Diazepam (valium)? |
|
Definition
| CNS depression; excessive sedation, ataxia, impairment of physical and mental activities, and respiratory depression. Renal or liver impairments. |
|
|
Term
| What are the side affects of Aspirin NSAID? |
|
Definition
| Gastric irritation, ulceration, and bleeding. Renal impairment. Reye's syndrome in children. Pregnant women should not take risk anemia & fetal risk. |
|
|
Term
| What are the site of action for Aspirin? |
|
Definition
| Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in both CNS and the PNS. Relieves pain bya acting both centrally and peripherally to block the tranmission of pain impulses. To relieve fever, it acts on the hypothalamus to decrease its response to pyrogens and reset the thermostat. |
|
|
Term
| What is the side effects of Morphine? |
|
Definition
| dependency, analgesia; CNS depression ranging from drowsiness to sleep unconsciousness; decreased mental and physical activity; respiratory depression; nausea and vomiting; and pupil constriction. May cause constipation |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of action for morphine? |
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Definition
| Inhibition of the transmission of the pain signals from peripheral tissue to the brain. Decreases emotional upset associated with pain. |
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Term
| What is the antidote for Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)? |
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Definition
| Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) |
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Term
| What are the side effects of Clozapine (Clozaril) (2nd gen)? |
|
Definition
| agranulocytosis, decreased WBC |
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Term
| What are the sites of action for Clozapine (Clozaril)(2nd gen)? |
|
Definition
| Blockade of dopamine and serotonin |
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Term
| What are the side effects of Imipramine (Trofranil) Tricyclinc TCA's? |
|
Definition
| mixed mania, depression, suicidal tendencies, severe renal, hepatic, or cardiovascular disease: narrowing glaucoma, and seizure disorder. |
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Term
| What is the site of action for Imipramine (Trofranil): tricyclinc TCA's? |
|
Definition
| Normalize abnormal neurotransmission systems in the brain by altering the amounts of neurotransmitters and the number or sensitivity of receptors. |
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Term
| What is teh antidote for Imipramine (Trofranil) trycyclinc TCA's? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the side effects for Fluoxetine (Prozac)SSRI? |
|
Definition
| GI symptioms, sexual dysfunction. Some degree of CNS stimulation. |
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|
Term
| What is the site of action for Fluoxetine (Prozac)? |
|
Definition
| Normalize abnormabl neurotransmission systems in the brain by altering the amounts of neurotransmitters and number of sensitivity of receptors. |
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Term
| What are the side effects of Phenytoin (Dilantin)? |
|
Definition
| Ataxia drowsiness, lethargy, (GI) tract, nausea, and vomiting. Gingival Hyperplasia (overgrowth of gum tissue). Bone marrow depression, mental confusion. |
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Term
| What are the site of action for Phenytoin (Dilantin)? |
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Definition
| Decreasing movement of ions into nerve cells by altering the activity of neurotransmitters (GABA. bind to plasma proteins, enzyme inducer |
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Term
| What is the side effects of Levadopa? |
|
Definition
| Dialate pupils and raise intraocular pressure. May activate malignant melanoma. elevations of blood pressure or hypertensive crisis. |
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Term
| What is the site of action for Levodopa? |
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Definition
| Increase amount of dopamine in the brain by various mechanisms. Decreases the effects of acetyl-choline. |
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Term
| Activation of Alpha 1 receptors result in? |
|
Definition
constriction of the smooth muscle of the blood vessels.
OR Vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure. |
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|
Term
| Activation of the Beta 1 receptors mainly result iin dilatio of bronchial smooth muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system produces which of these effects? List all that apply |
|
Definition
Constricts the pupils
Decrease heart rate(bradycardia)
Increases motility of the GI tract
more;
dilation of skin blood vessels
CONSTRICTION OF; bronci, urinary bladder smooth muscle, sketetal muscle.
release nitrus oxide from endothelium of blood vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
| Non selective beta adrenergic antagonist |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Einephrine (Adrenalin) is contraindicated or used with caution in severe conditions. Which conditions contradicts administration of epinephrine? |
|
Definition
hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm
narrow angle glaucoma
cardiac dysrhythmia |
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|
Term
| Propranolol, the prototype beta adrenergic antagonist, is selective for beta 2 receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atropine, the prototype anticholinergic drug, is the drug of choice or symptomatic bradycardia(slow heart rate casing the pt. to feel faint)? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Cholinergic acting drugs might be ordered for which of the following? |
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Definition
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