Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibit enzyme HMG-CoA Reductase which is rate limiting step of chol synth |
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Term
|
Definition
| erythromycin, grapefruit juice inhibit statin breakdown, leading to rhabdomyolysis |
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Term
| What do Gemfibrozil and Fenofibrate do? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| reduces cholesterol absorption |
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Term
|
Definition
| Simvastatin and Ezetimide....no improvement for lipid lowering |
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Term
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Definition
| GREATLY increases HDL, modestly lowers LDL. |
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Term
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Definition
| flushing, dizziness, headaches. treated with NSAIDs |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the cardioselective beta blockers? |
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Definition
| Bisprolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol |
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Term
| What beta blockers also block alpha receptors? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers |
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Term
| What do angiotensin 2 and 3 do? |
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Definition
| vasoconstrict AND activate aldosterone to retain sodium and water |
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Term
| How do ACE inhibitors lower BP? |
|
Definition
| They stop conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 |
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Term
| Significance of Bradykinin and statins? |
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Definition
| Statins block breakdown of bradykinin which causes vasodilation but also inflammation |
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Term
| What converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Biggest ADR of ACE inhibitors? |
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Definition
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Term
| A week of NSAIDs can inhibit what drugs? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Why are -sartans better than -prils |
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Definition
| They work on angiotensin receptor not ACE, so you dont get ADR of bradykinin |
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Term
| What is furosemide? What Used for? |
|
Definition
| loop diuretic. used for CHF with digoxin |
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Term
| What is hydrochlorothiazide? What used for? |
|
Definition
| Thiazide diuretic. hypertension |
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Term
|
Definition
| Carbonic Anhydrase diuretic |
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Term
| How do you distinguish a loop diuretic from a thiazide? |
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Definition
| Loop diuretics lose Ca, while thiazides retain it |
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Term
|
Definition
| Calcium channel blockers which cause vasodilation to treat high BP, angina, arrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks Ca channels and cause low force and decreased HR |
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Term
|
Definition
| blocks Ca channels and cause low force and decreased HR |
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Term
| Major ADRs of calcium channel blockers? |
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Definition
| gingival hyperplasia, hypotension, grapefruit juice |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Tamsulosin used to treat? |
|
Definition
| benign prostatic hyperplasia |
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|
Term
| What is clonidine (catapres)? |
|
Definition
| Alpha 2 agonist...parasympathetic stimulator |
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|
Term
| What is clonidine used for? |
|
Definition
| to treat hypertension and narcotic withdrawal |
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|
Term
| What is the main drug used for CHF? |
|
Definition
| digoxin, digitoxin which are glycosides |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can u treat high levels of Digitoxin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of drugs interfere with glycosides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best drug for acute angina attack? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Isorbide Dinitrate? |
|
Definition
| oral form of nitroglycerin NOT good for angina attacks |
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|
Term
| Mixing nitroglycerin with -fil drugs does what? |
|
Definition
| severe hypotension....nitroglycerin greatly increases NO which turns into cGMP which causes vasdilation. -fil drugs stop breakdown of cGMP and also cause vasodilation |
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibits vitamin K dependent clotting factors 2 7 9 10 |
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|
Term
| What happens with NSAIDs and warfarin? |
|
Definition
| warfarin is 99% protein bound. NSAIDs compete and cause rise in warfarin blood levels = bleeding |
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|
Term
| What happens with -azole drugs and Warfarin? |
|
Definition
| -azole drugs inhibit breakdown of warfarin |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| antiarrhythmatic drug that blocks Na, K, and Ca channels. used in ER |
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|
Term
| What is the progression of drugs used to treat coronary artery disease? |
|
Definition
| Antilipidemics, Thrombolytics, Antianginal, Antiarrhythmias, CHF agents |
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|
Term
| Do statins have a high or low First pass effect. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are statins affected by grapefruit juice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is nicotinic acid used for? |
|
Definition
| decrease VLDL and LDL, increase HDL |
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|
Term
| What is Niaspan and what used for? |
|
Definition
| extended release niacin used to greatly increase HDL. less side effects since XR |
|
|
Term
| What happened in the AIM HIGH trials? |
|
Definition
| combined Niaspan with Simvastatin to get better effects but actually the opposite was seen, closed early |
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|
Term
| What do PCSK9 inhibitors do? |
|
Definition
| cause LDL to go to lysosome and lower LDL levels |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 E's of angina? |
|
Definition
| Eating, Exertion, Exposure to Cold, Emotions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Binds to TOR and inhibits cell cycle which helps with stents and smooth muscle regrowth after stent placement. Shuttles smooth muscle cells into G0 |
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|
Term
| What is Paclitaxel used for? |
|
Definition
| inhibits Mitosis for use in stents and SMC inhibition |
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|
Term
| How does Digoxin work for CHF? |
|
Definition
| Inhibit NaKATPase Pump = increase Na in cell = increase Ca in cell = better heart function |
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|
Term
| Does Digoxin get us back to normal after CHF? |
|
Definition
| No, its in-between normal and CHF |
|
|
Term
| Differences between Digoxin and Digitoxin? |
|
Definition
| digitoxin more protein bound, longer half life, metabolized in liversd |
|
|
Term
| What is thrombin's role in blood clotitng |
|
Definition
| Thrombin turns fibrinogen into fibrin which binds two platelets together and clots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intravenously. It binds to antithrombin III and they together bind to thrombin and inhibit thrombin from turning fibrinogen into fibrin |
|
|
Term
| What do Ximelagatran and Melagatran do? |
|
Definition
| directly bind to and inhibit thrombin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Direct thrombin inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| What are Xarelto and Apixaban? |
|
Definition
| Factor Xa inhibitors to stop clotting |
|
|
Term
| How do Clopidogrel and Ticlopidine work? |
|
Definition
| prevent ADP from allowing fibrin to bond to receptors on platelets |
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|
Term
| What is Abciximab used for? |
|
Definition
| prevent clotting by blocking IIb/IIIa receptors on platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Class III antiarrhythmic drug used for Ventricular fib. Prolongs repolarization. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's lost in urine of CA inhibitor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are CA inhibitors used to treat? |
|
Definition
| alkalosis, glaucoma, altitude sickness |
|
|
Term
| How do loop diuretics work? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is lost in loop diuertic urine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are loop diuretics used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What chemical group do thiazides have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Block NaCl co transporter |
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|
Term
| Is calcium lost with thiazides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are thiazides used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What diuretic can cause hyperglycemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What diuretic leads quickly to hyponatremia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Spironolactone and Eplerenone? |
|
Definition
| K-sparing diuretics that directly block aldosterone |
|
|
Term
| What are Amiloride and Triamterene? |
|
Definition
| K-sparing diuretics that block the sodium channel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they block ADH/vasopressin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ganglionic blocking agent used to lower BP. blocks Nicotinic N so you will see blockade of para and symp |
|
|
Term
| What is Guanethidine and Reserpine? |
|
Definition
| Adrenergic Neuronal blocking agents. deplete NE |
|
|
Term
| What is Phentolamine and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| non selective alpha blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selective alpha 1 blockers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| direct acting vasodilator |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| direct acting vasodilator |
|
|
Term
| What are Verapamil and Diltiazem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 biogenic amine NT's |
|
Definition
NE
Serotonin
Dopamine
Histamine |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 inhibitory amino acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of adenosine on NT's |
|
Definition
| decreases NT release by preventing calcium influx |
|
|
Term
| What does Bromocriptine do? |
|
Definition
| mimics dopamine to help Parkinsons. D2 receptor agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stop breakdown of MPTP to MPP+. Helps parkinsons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks breakdown of L-dopa outside of CNS |
|
|
Term
| What is Pramipexole and what is its big ADR? |
|
Definition
| D2 dopamine agonist for parkinsons. Sleepiness |
|
|
Term
| What is Amantadine used for? |
|
Definition
| non ergot agonist of D2 receoptor. Used for flu as well |
|
|
Term
| What is Entacapone (Comtan) |
|
Definition
| Inhibitor of COMT which will lessen breakdown of L-Dopa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patch. D2-D3 receptor agonist for parkinsons. Reapproved in 2012 |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| amphetamine to treat narcolepsy |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug of choice for partial seizures and mania |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| drug for partial seizures |
|
|
Term
| What is Depakene (Valproic Acid)? |
|
Definition
| helps seizures. highly protein bound...highly teratogenic |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| drug for someone who stopped convulsin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| reversal agent for Benzodiazepines |
|
|
Term
| What is Carisoprodol, Meprobamate, Cyclobenzapine? |
|
Definition
| muscle relaxants and ASH drugs . They are carbamates |
|
|
Term
| What is Cyclobenzaprine used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug can cause malignant hyperthermia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug sensitizes myocardium to catecholamines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the good things about Isoflurane? |
|
Definition
| no liver toxicity or myocardium sensitization to catecholamines. used a lot today in general surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fentanyl + droperidol. causes Neuroleptic anesthesia |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 characteristics of TCAs |
|
Definition
alpha 1 blockers
anticholinergic
block reuptake of 5-HT (tertiary) and NE (secondary) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks NE and 5-HT reuptake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks NE and 5-HT reuptake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| block 5-HT but not as much as SSRI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treats depression via NE, DA, and 5-HT reuptake inhibitor. CAUSES SEIZURES |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some ADR's of antipsychotics |
|
Definition
restless legs
extrapyramidal reactions
anticholinergic results
torticollis
avoid in breast cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| D2 antagonist but stronger antagonist of other receptors. for psychosis. causes agranulocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for Tourette's syndrome |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| treats psychosis. induces diabetes. |
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