Term
| Heavy Lazy Cats Place Volatile Blinds Determined Acetylcholine |
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Definition
Agents affecting Cholinergic Tramission
Hemicholinium: block choline reuptake
Latrotoxin: poison that releases Ach
Calcium: required for the aps induced release of ach from the nerve (interacts with proteins on vesicles)
Physostigmine: inhibits AchE
Vesamicol: Blocks Ach into vesicles
Botulinus Toxin: interfers with the release of Ach. It prevents the hydrolysis of the trafficking proteins on the vessicle and on nerve terminal that bringing about the merging. Prevents exocytosis release of Ach.
d-tubocurarine: blocks nicotinic effects of Ach. It blocks it mostly at the end plate of neuromuscular junctions.
Atropine: is an ester that is found in plants. It block cholinergic receptors of the muscaricnic receptors. Atropine blocks the muscarininc effects of Ach. It doesn’t block the nicotinic effects of Ach. |
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Term
| Therapeutic Uses of Botulinum Toxin |
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Definition
- Blepharospasm (contraction of the eyelid)
- Strabismus ( visual axis of the eyes aren't directed to the same point)
- Spasm of vocal cords
- Achalasia |
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Term
| Who generates IPSP and EPSP at autonomic ganglia? AND |
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Definition
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Term
| Who mediates the end plate potential (EPP) at the end plate of skeletal muscle fibers? and fast excitatoray postsynaptic potential (fEPSP)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Response to doses of Nicotine at LOW doses...does what? and to High doses? |
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Definition
-Autonomic ganglia (but at high doses depolarization blockade due to memb. being dep. for a long period of time) TQ
-Adrenal medullary cell
-End plate of skeletal muscle |
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Term
| Specific Antagonists for Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes (name 3). TQ |
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Definition
M1 @ Autonomic ganglia, gastric tissue. Pirenzepine & Telenzepine
M2 @ Cardiac muscle fiber. Tripitamine & Gallamine (and nico)
M3 @ Smooth muscles and glands. Darifenacin
"Pristine Tangerines Tenderize Gifted Dictators" |
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Term
| "Pristine Tangerines Tenderize Gifted Dictators" |
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Definition
Muscarinic receptor antagonists.
PirenzePINE
TelenzePINE
TripitAMINE
GallAMINE (and block nico)
DarifenACIN |
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Term
| Contraction of the sphincter muscle of the iris is what? |
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Definition
| Smaller pupil (miosis)= Parasympathetic innervation |
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Term
| Thickened lens and contracted ciliary muscle is under what control? |
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Definition
| Parasympathetics stim. allows for near sighted accomodation |
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Term
| Define inotropic, chrono and dromotropic. |
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Definition
Inotropic: pertaining to the force or energy of muscular contractions
Chronotropic: time (rate)
Dromotropic: running or conduction |
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Term
| Parasym Cardiac effects of Inotropy, chrono and dromotropy (conduction of nerve impluse)? TQ |
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Definition
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Term
| What does SA node, atrial musucle, AV node all have in common with the parasym control? |
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Definition
| All Ach affects K conductance (open) and rate of impulse flow. |
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Term
| Cholinergic Agents. (name two categories) |
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Definition
| Alkaloids and Synthetic Agents |
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Term
| Alkaloids cholinergic agents. (Name 3) |
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Definition
"Musky Purple Altoids"
Muscarine
Pilocarpine
Arecoline |
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Term
| Cholinergic Synthetic agents. Name 5. |
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Definition
"Overdue Magnets Bump Cute Cases"
OxotremoRINE
Methacholine
Bethanechol
Carbachol
Cevimeline |
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Term
| "Overdue Magnets Bump Cute Cases" |
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Definition
| Synthetic agents of cholinergic |
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Term
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Definition
Cholnergic agent that mimics the actions of Ach at smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and glands.
Toxic mushrooms |
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Term
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Definition
- Has muscarinic actions
- Used for xerostomia
- Used for glaucoma |
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Term
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Definition
Methacholine
Carbachol
Bethanechol |
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Term
| Contraindications of use of Choline Esters. (5) |
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Definition
-Hyperthyroidism
- Asthma
- Coronary insuff.
- Peptic ulcer
- Organic obstruction in bladder or GI tract |
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Term
| Toxicity of choline esters. |
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Definition
FLUSHING
SWEATING
AB CRAMPS
SPASM OF BLADDER
MIOSIS
HEADACHE
SALIVATION LACRIMATION
BRADY CARDIA |
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Term
| Difference btw Ach and AchE? |
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Definition
| Addition of Glutamate-Histidine-Serine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Carbamyl inhibitors of AChE. (7)
"Pissed Normal Psychos Assault Delightful Red Carbamyl's" |
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Definition
Physostigmine
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Ambenonium
Demecarium
Rivastigmine
Carbaryl |
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Term
Organophosphate Inhibitors of AChE (via phosophorylation).
"Scary Taliban Shoot Danger" |
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Definition
Sarin
Tabun
Soman
Diisopropylfluorophosphate |
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Term
| Carbamyl inhibitors of AChE target. |
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Definition
Eye
Exocrine glands
Cardiac
Smooth muscles
Skeletal muscle |
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Term
| Theurapic useds of Carbamyl inhibitors of AChE. |
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Definition
glaucoma
atony of the bladder
atony of the GI
Myasthenia gravis
Intox. by antimuscaric and TCA's |
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Term
| What is used to tx and diagnose Myastenia Gravis? |
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Definition
| tx by using a carbamyl inhibitor of AChE and diagnosed with EDROPHONIUM (short acting inhibitor of AChE) |
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Term
| TQ Carbamyl inhibitors of AChE is reversed by PRALIDOXIME!! |
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Definition
| TQ Carbamyl inhibitors of AChE is reversed by PRALIDOXIME!! |
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Term
| Quaternary ammonium compounds cross the BBB? |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbamyl inhibitors of AChE do what?!?!? |
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Definition
| High doses produce skeletal muscle weakness due to depolarizing blockade at the end plate of the NM junc. |
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Term
| What are Malathion and Parathion? |
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Definition
| Organophosphate inhibitors of AChE!! |
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Term
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Definition
| Insecticide. Like for head lice. Organophosphate AChE inhibitor |
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Term
| Tx of Organophosphate inhibtor of AChE? |
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Definition
| use atropine and pralidoxime tq |
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Term
| What happens to AChE when it ages? TQ |
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Definition
| AChE, phosphorylated and inhibited by DFP!!! (added OH somehow) |
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Term
| What is used to reactivate an phosphorylated "aged" AChE? |
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Definition
| OXIMES!!! like Pralidoxime TQ, but in high doses it can inhibit AChE |
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Term
What is used to tx Alzheimer's Dz?
"Grandparents Really Dont Think" |
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Definition
Inhibitors of AChE
Galantamine
Rivastigmine
Doneprezil
Tacrine |
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Term
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Definition
Rapidly metabolized by birds and mammals
plasma carboxylases are involved
insects do not possess the enzyme
organophosphates inhibit malathion metabolism
malathion is toxic to fish |
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Term
| If you block muscarinic receptors will Ach still be able to release NE? |
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Definition
| yes!! At sympathetic cardiac , smooth muscle and glands, and at somatic skeletal muscle fibers AND ADRENAL MEDULAA........ b/c Andergic and Nictinic receptors |
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Term
| In dual innervated organs, muscarinic receptros blockade Allows what dominance??!?!? |
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Definition
| SYMPATHETIC. b/c para regulated by muscarinic and sympathetic is regulated by adergenic receptors |
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Term
| Response to ACh in the presence of Atropine. Does what? TQ |
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Definition
Atropine is an cholingeric alkaloid agent that BLOCKADES COMPETITIVE TQ
Shifts graph to the RIGHT!! Need more ACh to remove it TQ |
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Term
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Definition
Blocks Parasym mus. receptors.........
focus to distant objects and accomodation is blocked (Cycloplegia)
Ciliary muscle: cycloplegia
Sphincter muscle of iris: dilation mydriasis |
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Term
| Cardiovascular actions of atropine. Low vs High. TQ |
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Definition
Low: slight decrease in HR
High: Tachycardia TQ
NONE on Blood vessels!! diff receptros |
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Term
| TQ: Prior blockade of muscarinic receptors followed by IV infusion of a HIGH DOSE OF ACh convberts the bradycard and hypotensive response to TACHYCARDIA AND HYPERTENSION mediated by NICOTINIC |
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Definition
| TQ: Prior blockade of muscarinic receptors followed by IV infusion of a HIGH DOSE OF ACh convberts the bradycard and hypotensive response to TACHYCARDIA AND HYPERTENSION mediated by NICOTINIC |
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Term
| At what dosage you get from brady to Tachycardia with Atropine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Scopolamine has similar effects with the heart as atropine. |
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Definition
both anti-mus= sympathetics!! at high dose.
competitive |
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Term
TQ: Scopolamine in the presence of pain, the same therapeutic dose occasionally cause excitement, restlessness, hallucination or delirium. Such excitement is always seen with large doses, as is also seen with large doses of atropine.
used for motion sickness |
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Definition
TQ: Scopolamine in the presence of pain, the same therapeutic dose occasionally cause excitement, restlessness, hallucination or delirium. Such excitement is always seen with large doses, as is also seen with large doses of atropine.
used for motion sickness |
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Term
| Theurapeutic uses of antimuscarinic agents. |
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Definition
peptic ulcers
spasticity of the gi tract
excessive salivation
increase bladder capacity in cases of enuresis (inability to control urination)
CNS: Park dz, motion sickness,
posion of inhibitors of AChE |
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Term
Tertiary Muscarinic Antagonists for Ophthalmic application.
"Torpedo Hit Cyclops" |
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Definition
Tropicamide
Homatropine
Cyclopentolate |
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Term
Tertiary Muscarinic Antagonists for Parkinson's dz.
"Boxing Tremor" |
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Definition
Benztropine
Trihexphenidyl |
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Term
Tertiary Muscarinic Antagonists for Antispasmodic purposes for URINARY BLADDER.
"Over Fluid Toliet" |
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Definition
Oxybutynin
Fesoterodine
Tolterodine
- Other antispasmodic is Dicyclomine, oxyphencyclimine, Darifenacin, etc. |
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Term
| Quaternary Ammonium are classified as what? |
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Definition
| Muscarinic Antagonists ( Glycopyrrolate, Ipratropium etc.) |
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Term
| Name some Quaternary Ammonium Antagonists (Muscarinic). |
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Definition
Glycopyrrolate
Ipratropium (TQ); inhibits interaction of ACh at receptor sites on the bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation. Also decrease secretions. TREATS COPD and preserves ciliary motility in the bronchial mucosa |
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Term
Two drugs used for peptic ulcers.
"TANGY PEPSIN" |
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Definition
Telenzepine
Pirenzepine
* Both anti-muscarinic and block M1 |
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Term
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Definition
| Block the M2 receptor, by action of ACh at cardiac muscle fibers |
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Term
Nicotinic Competitive blockers (non-depolarizing) Long Acting drugs are?
" Could paralyze muscles DAYS" |
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Definition
Curare
Pancuronium
Metocurine
Doxacurium
*80-180 minuties duration but slow onset of 4-6 minutes |
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Term
| Nicotinic Competitive blockers (non-depolarizing) Intermediate Acting drugs are? |
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Definition
Vecuronium
Atracurium
Rocuronium
*onset 2-4 minutes, duration 30-90 minutes |
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Term
| Nicotinic Competitive blockers (non-depolarizing) SHORT Acting drugs are? |
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Definition
Mivacurium
onset 2-4 minutes, duration 12-18 minutes |
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Term
| Which Competitive ganglionic nicotinic drug blocker release Histamine the most? |
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Definition
Curare
Atracurium
Metrocurine
Consequence: Hypotension, bronchospasm, bronchial and salivary secretions increased |
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Term
Elimination of competitive NM blockers of
Curare
Metaocurine
Pancuronium
Atracurium and Mivacurium
Others where? |
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Definition
Kidney
Plasma Esterases
Liver others |
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Term
| competitive NM blockers TOXICITY |
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Definition
Apnea
Hypotension
Histamine release and bronchial spasm and secretions increased |
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Term
| Depolaring Neuromuscular BLOCKERS?ysis and |
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Definition
SUCCINYLCHOLINE AND QUARTERNARY NITROGEN
depolarize ONLY Nm receptors and not at ganglion.
onset 1 minute for paralysis and duration 5 minutes. POTENTIATED BY AChEI TQ!!!! (inverse relation with competitive blockers of nictoinic) |
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Term
| Depolarizing Neuromuscular blockers like Succinylcholing and Quat. Nitrogen does what in the presence of antibiotics, AChE inhibitors and halogen? |
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Definition
| Potentiated by ACHE inhibitors and Mycins but NOT HALOGEN |
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Term
| If you have a genetic deficiency in plasma esterases what competitive nico gang blocker you can't metabolize? |
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Definition
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Term
| Toxicity of Deplorizer NM blocker is? |
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Definition
Apnea
Malignant Hyperthermia
efflux of K and Ca, so contraindicated in burns, trauma, and other conditions which increase plasma K |
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Term
| Botulinus Toxin does what? |
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Definition
| prevent release of ACh via gang BLOCKER NICO RECEPTOR |
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