Term
| How do the inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis work? |
|
Definition
| These drugs work by blocking one or more steps in the protein synthesis of bacteria while having relatively little effect on the host |
|
|
Term
| What kind of ribosomes are present in prokaryotes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of ribosomes are present in Eukaryotes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measure of sedimentation rate in a density gradient. The rate of sedimentation is proportional to protein mass. |
|
|
Term
| What is the A site for in the Ribosome Complex? |
|
Definition
| accepting new charged tRNA |
|
|
Term
| What is the D site for in the Ribosome complex? |
|
Definition
| For elongating the protein polypeptide chain. |
|
|
Term
| List the antibiotics that act on the 50S ribosomal subunit |
|
Definition
1. Macrolides
2. Chloramphenicol
3. Lincosamide
4. Oxazolidinomes
5. Streptogramins |
|
|
Term
| List antibiotics that attack the 30S subunit |
|
Definition
1. Tetracyclins
2. Aminoglycosides
3. Spectinomycins
4. Neomycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Highly ionic
Don't penetrate body cells
Don't penetrate meningies well
Not metabolized
Gram negative spectrum |
|
|
Term
| How are aminoglycosides excreted |
|
Definition
| by the renal glomerular filtration |
|
|
Term
| With Aminoglycosides, you have to measure what levels? |
|
Definition
| Renal clearance=creatine clearance |
|
|
Term
| For amingolycosides to penetrate cell membranes have to be given with |
|
Definition
| vancomycin or cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ototoxocity and nephrotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| How is gentamycin excreted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-works against gram negative rods
-good activity against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
-nephrotoxic and ototoxic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar is activity to Gentamycin but more reactive towards P. aeruginosa |
|
|
Term
| Like with Gentamycin, you also have monitor this with Tobramycin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. limited to topical use
2. used as a prep for elective surgery
3. minimally absorbed from the gut
4. has significant ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity if ingested |
|
|
Term
| Spectinomycins are structurally similar to what antibiotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is spectinomycin used for? |
|
Definition
| it is primarily used for gonorrheal infections |
|
|
Term
| How is spectinomycin given? |
|
Definition
it is given IM and causes a lot of pain
"Expect it to hurt" |
|
|
Term
| When is spectinomycin give for gonorrhea? |
|
Definition
| when the patient is allergic to PNC |
|
|
Term
| Tetracyclins work against |
|
Definition
-inhibit growth of both gram negative and positive bacteria
-Rickettsea and Spirochetes
-Mycoplasms
-Chlamydia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tetracyclins are the drug of choice for which disease? |
|
Definition
Rickettsia
-has the ability to penetrate through the cell membrane to get to the bacteria within the cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects for tetracyclins? |
|
Definition
-concentrates in growing teeth and bones
-pregnant women should not be on this
-also may cause nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| Why can't you take expired tetracyclins? |
|
Definition
| Because they degrade to a potent nephrotoxin |
|
|
Term
| What minerals interact with Tetracyclins? |
|
Definition
1. Aluminum
2. Calcium
3. Iron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. long lasting
2. IV form available
3. sate to use in patients with renal problems
4. often used to treat chlamydia |
|
|
Term
| How is doxycyclin excreted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| From what drug was Tigecycline synthesized? |
|
Definition
| Minocycline which was used for acne |
|
|
Term
| What two major resistance mechanisms do not have an effect on Tigecycline? |
|
Definition
| Ribosomal protection and efflux |
|
|
Term
| Why is tigecycline so important? What bacteria does it kill? |
|
Definition
MRSA and VRSA
also rickettsia, chlamydia and legionella |
|
|
Term
| For what use did the FDA approve tigecycline for? |
|
Definition
-skin and skin structure infections
-intra-abdominal infections
|
|
|
Term
| Does tigecycline decrease effectiveness of Birth control? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibit CYP3A4 enzyme (P450) |
|
Definition
| clarithromycin, erythromycin and telithromycin, quniupristin-dalfopristin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Azithromycin, Telithromycin, Chloramphenicol |
|
|
Term
| Has activity against Listeria Monocytogenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| should only be used for treatment of infections caused by multiple drug resistant gram + bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are streptogramins given? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stretogramins (synercid) treats what? |
|
Definition
| complicated skin infections caused by MRSA also works against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium |
|
|
Term
| how is linezolid given to patients? |
|
Definition
| oral ingestion, and it has 100 percent bioavailability.. |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the side effects of linezolid? |
|
Definition
| thrombocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia and slight hematologic |
|
|
Term
| Linezolid drug interactions |
|
Definition
| enhances the pressure response of blood with pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine (decongestant) |
|
|
Term
| How is telithromycin metabolized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is telithromycin eliminated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| telithromycin is used for treatment against |
|
Definition
| community acquired pneumonia, strep phyngitis, bronchitis or sinusitis |
|
|
Term
| Telithromycin has a severe interaction that causes what? |
|
Definition
| cardiac arrest and arrhythmia |
|
|
Term
| What is telithromycin spectrum |
|
Definition
| gram positive and atypicals, H.flu, moraxella catarrhalis, chlamydia, H.pylori, N.gonorrhea, b. fragilis |
|
|
Term
| What are the two side effects from chloramphenicol? |
|
Definition
| grey baby syndrome and fatal aplastic anemia |
|
|
Term
| Chlorapmhenicol has an interaction with which blood thinner? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does chloramphenicol get absorbed into the CNS and gut? And because if this what infectin is it used against? |
|
Definition
| its highly lipophilic and it is used as an alternative to PNC for treatment of meningococcal meningitis |
|
|
Term
| chloramphenicol has what kind of a spectrum? |
|
Definition
a broad spectrum. Rocky mountain spotted fever, as well as H.Flu, pneumonococci, and salmonella
it covers both gram positive and gram negative |
|
|
Term
| Which antibiotic causes a higher incidence of pseudomembranous colitis due to C.diff? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clindamycin is used for treatment of infections caused by PNC resistant |
|
Definition
| strep which included necrotizing fasciitis |
|
|
Term
| List three resistance mechanisms of clindamycin |
|
Definition
1. mutation at ribosomal receptor site
2. modification of receptor site-methylase
3. enzymatic inactivation |
|
|
Term
| clindamycin orally treats what outpatient infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the spectrum for clindamycin |
|
Definition
| gram positive cocci and anaerobic organism |
|
|
Term
| clithromcycin has improved |
|
Definition
| acid stability and oral absorption |
|
|
Term
| clarithromycin has a similar spectrum to.. |
|
Definition
| erythromycin, but more effective against Mycobacterium Avium complex |
|
|
Term
| an interesting side effect of clarithromycin is |
|
Definition
| metallic taste in the mouth |
|
|
Term
| which antibiotic have a unique oral dosage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as well as H.Flu, azithromycin is also has a good coverage against |
|
Definition
| atypicals (mycoplasma, legionella) |
|
|
Term
| Which antibiotic causes cholestatic hepatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| erythromycin blocking liver absorption of theophillin can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tigacyclin has recently been approved by the FDA for |
|
Definition
| skin and skin structure related infections as well as intra-abdominal infections |
|
|
Term
| Doxycyclin shouldn't be take with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| resistance mechanisms that don't effect tigecyclin |
|
Definition
beta lactamases
target site modification
macrolide efflux and enzyme target changes |
|
|
Term
| Chloramphenicol is deactivated by |
|
Definition
| an enzyme called chloramphenicol acetyltransferase |
|
|
