Term
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Definition
| drug development can take _________ |
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Term
| IND (new investigational drug) |
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Definition
| which comes first in the development of drugs. IND or NDA |
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Term
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Definition
| clinical testing takes plave in __ phases |
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Term
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Definition
| phase 1 of clinical testing involves ___________ |
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Term
| on people that have the disease |
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Definition
| phase 2 of clinical testing takes place on _______________ |
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Term
| drug given to large numbers of patients in medical research cetners that provide information about adverse reactions |
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Definition
| in phase 3 of clinical testing, the drug is given to _________________ |
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Term
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Definition
| drug name assigned by the compant marketing the drug |
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Term
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Definition
| drug developers are given exclusive rights to drugs for ___ years following the ____________ |
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Term
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Definition
name given to a drug by the FDA
- less complicated and easier to remember |
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Term
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Definition
| drug name that conveys a clear and concise meaning about the nature of the drug |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more drugs combined into one pill |
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Term
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Definition
| lisinopril and hydrochlorathiazide |
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Term
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Definition
also call "legend drugs"
- largest category of medication |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that are high abuse, no recognized medical use, lack of safety |
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Term
| herion, LSD, MDMA, Marijuana, Methaqualone |
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Definition
| Schedule 1 drugs (5) - high abuse, no medical use |
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Term
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Definition
| High abuse, Medical utility, high dependancy risk |
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Term
| opium, morphine, oxycotin, cocaine, methadone, methamphetamine |
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Definition
| Schedule 2 drugs. High Abuse, medical utility, high dependancy |
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Term
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Definition
| lower abuse, medical utility, mederate dependancy risk |
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Term
| amphetamine, barbituate, Valium, Xanax, Codeine |
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Definition
| Schedule 3 drugs (5) lower abuse, medical utility, moderate dependancy |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that are limited abuse, high medical utility, limited dependancy |
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Term
| chloral hydrate, meprobamate, paraldehyde, phenobarbatol |
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Definition
| schedule 4 drugs (5) limited abuse |
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Term
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Definition
| phenobarbatol is used to treat ________ ____________ |
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Term
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Definition
minor problems
- preparations of other drugs in limited amounts |
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Term
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Definition
no fetal risk during first 3 months of pregnancy
- no evidence of later risk
- very few drugs |
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Term
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Definition
no adequate studies in pregnancy in humans
- animals have found no risk to fetus |
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Term
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Definition
- no studies in pregnant women
- animals have shown harmful effect on fetus
- no studies in women or animals |
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Term
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Definition
| - clear evidence of risk to human fetus, but benefits outweigh risks for serious conditions |
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Term
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Definition
medication causes abnormalities in fetus
- risk outweighs any benefit |
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Term
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Definition
| liquid and parental drugs take effect within ___________ |
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Term
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Definition
| solid forms of drugs take _______ to take effect |
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Term
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Definition
| time of greatest danger for teratongenic influences |
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Term
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Definition
| perior when there is the greatest % of drug getting to baby through blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
| desired action of the drug |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs movement within the body |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanisms of drug’s action/how it exerts effects on the body |
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Term
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion |
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Definition
| 4 stages of pharmacokinetics |
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Term
Receptors
Agonists
Antagonist |
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Definition
| three players in pharmacodynamics |
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Term
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Definition
| First step in how a body handles drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of drug from site across a body membrane to a target cell |
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Term
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Definition
| where the drug “goes to work” or effects a change/action in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of transport of drugs after they are absorbed or administered directly to the vascular system (IV meds) |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs typically bind with ______ ______in bloodstream to reach the target cell |
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Term
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Definition
| how much drug will produce an effect in the body, after it is administered. |
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Term
| cholestyramine and colestipol (works for diarrhea |
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Definition
- Drugs that act as binding agents
- can impair the bioavailability of other drugs
- result in a reduction in the therapeutic effect of the object drug |
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Term
blood-brain barrier
blood-placental barrier
blood- testicular barrier |
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Definition
| 3 Physical barriers to distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ ______ _______ are able to pass the blood brain barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| two drugs that are able to cross the blood brain barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| lasts longer than fentanyl because once it enters the CNS it has a difficult time exiting the barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| drug distrusted to various body tissues and target cells |
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Term
Protein binding
Blood flow
Solubility (lipid-soluble drugs) |
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Definition
| three factors effecting distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| Quick distribution tissues |
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Term
| skin, muscle and other internal organs |
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Definition
| Slow distribution tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical reactions of drugs in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical conversion of drugs from one form to another, that results in a change in cellular activity in the body (increase or decreased activity) |
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Term
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Definition
| Oral drugs will be metabolized in liver immediately after |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs are absorbed in the stomach or across the intestinal wall and directly into the hepatic portal circulation which carries blood directly to the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| Liver can actually inactivate __ of the oral drug before it ever reaches the vascular system (first pass effect) |
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Term
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Definition
| A biologically inactive compound that can be metabolized in the body to produce a drug |
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Term
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Definition
| Require metabolism to make them become activated in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| elimination of the drug from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| . Length of time required for drug concentration in blood to be reduced by 50% see graph. The time it takes for half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| drug interacts with the specific receptors in the target tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Penicillin V” acts on the specific stretococcus bacteria for |
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Term
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Definition
| like a “lock & key” to allow into the cell to do it’s work |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal, unusual response to a medication, different than expected reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased response to a drug that requires increased dosing to obtain desired effects (e.g. narcotics, tranquilizers taken over a long time) |
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Term
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Definition
| Seen in liver and kidney disease, the body is not able to metabolize/excrete a drug dose before another one is given. May lead to drug toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood levels of a drug are > than therapeutic levels (e.g. Digoxin toxicity) |
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Term
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Definition
| When two or more drugs with similar pharmacodynamic effects are given, may result in excessive response and toxicity. |
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Term
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Definition
| An interaction between two or more individual compounds that produces an effect upon the body GREATER than either of the substances alone would have produced. |
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Term
| Antagonistic drug interactions |
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Definition
| Drugs with opposing pharmacodynamics effects may reduce the response to one or both drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibition of the response to benzodiazepines by the concurrent use of __________ |
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Term
| neonate or newborn infant |
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Definition
| less than one month of age |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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