Term
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Definition
heart failure that is most common
- blood backs up into the lungs first |
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Term
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Definition
| blood backs up into the venous system leading to ____ ____ HF |
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Term
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Definition
| an increase in preload will cause ______ _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| cardioglycoside used to treat heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
| Ace inhibitors end in _____ |
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Term
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Definition
beta blocker of choice
- reduces cardiac workload
- must be started slowly |
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Term
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Definition
preferred drug type for HF
- slows progression of HF |
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Term
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Definition
drugs whose primary action are to lower blood pressure and reduce blood volume by enhancing the excretion of NA amd H2O
- also dialate BV back to heart |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs whose s/e are dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, GI distress, nonproductive cough, headache |
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Term
| ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker) |
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Definition
| newer drug used for HF when ACE's adverse effects are not tolerated |
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Term
| valsartan(Diovan) candesartan(Atacand) |
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Definition
| two examples of ARBs (angiotensin-receptor blockers) |
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Term
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Definition
| drug type that relieve symptoms of HF by reducing fluid = decrease workload and increased output |
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Term
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Definition
| HF drug that increases the chance of Dig toxicity |
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Term
| arrhythmias - increased HF |
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Definition
| electrolyte imbalance (esp. hypokalemia) from diuretic use can cause ______ and _____ ____ |
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Term
| spironolactone (Aldactone) |
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Definition
diuretic that is potassium sparing
- blocks aldosterone in kidneys to get rid of Na and water |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that increases the force of the heart's contraction without increasing O2 demand (postive inotropic action) |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac glycosides depress the _______ which decreases HR |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac glycosides decrease the heart size during _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac glycosides promote diuresis by increasing ____________ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| do not give digoxin of pulse is less than _____ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ventricular failure, ventricular tachycardia, atrial ventricular block |
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Definition
| do not use digoxin when there is (3) |
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Term
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Definition
| blurred vision, visual halo, color vision deficiency, brady/tachycardia, apical pulse deficit, HF are s/s of ______ _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| administering a series of Digoxin doses until theraputic effect is noted |
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Term
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Definition
| during digitalization, BP, HR, and RR are taken every ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| dig toxicity occurs when levels are greater than ______ |
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Term
| hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia |
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Definition
_______ and ______ make the heart more sensative to digitalis
- increases possibility of dig toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
give digibinf over _______
- dose varies depending on dig levels |
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Term
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Definition
| Dig can or cannot be combined with other medications in a syringe |
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Term
| MAOI, clonadine, reserpine, digoxin |
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Definition
| 4 drugs that Beta blockers interact with to cause hypotension and bradycardia |
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Term
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Definition
| when combined with ACE, beta blockers decrease the ____, ____ and _____ of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| beta blockers can cause s/s of ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| vasodialators take ____ to show effects |
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Term
| phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
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Definition
| non-glycosides for short term use in HF which has not responded to other meds |
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Term
| phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
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Definition
| HF meds that are given IV in the ICU/CCU |
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Term
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Definition
| most serious s/e of phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
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Term
| inamorine lactate - milrinone lactate (Primacor) |
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Definition
| two examples of phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
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Term
| natriuretic peptides (Natrecor) |
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Definition
| 1st new drug for HF in 10 years |
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Term
| Nesiritide (Natrecor) (natriuretic peptides) |
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Definition
drug that acts on the kidneys to increase Na and H2O secretion to lower BP
- also causes vasodialation |
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Term
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Definition
| side effect of natriuretic peptides (Natrecor) |
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Term
| dysrhythmics/antidysrhythmics |
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Definition
sodium channel blockers
beta adrenergic blockers
potassium channel blockers
calcium channel blockers
are examples of ??? |
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Term
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Definition
| when Na enters the cell, it causes ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| when K enters the cell it causes _________ |
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Term
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Definition
| when Ca enters the cell, it causes _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| class of antidysrhythmics used to treat ventricular tachycardia and A-fib (flutter) |
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Term
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Definition
class of antidysrhythmics that reduces the influence of sympathetic nervous system to decrease excitability of heart
- depress depolarization phase |
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Term
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Definition
| Class I antidysrhythmics are __________ |
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Term
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Definition
| preferred Class I (Na blocker) for treating dysrhythmias |
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Term
| propanolol (Inderal, Innopran XL) |
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Definition
| preferred Class II (Beta Blocker) for dysrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
class of antidysrhythmics that prolong repolarization phase
- used in ventricular dysrhythmias, afib/flutter |
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Term
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Definition
| preferred Class III (K blocker) for dysrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
| class of antidysrhythmics which depresses the depolarization phase and lengthens phase 1 & 2 repolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| class of antidysrhythmics used in supraventricular tachycardia, afib/flutter, unstable angina, hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| Class IV antidysrhythmics are _______ |
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Term
| verapamil (Calan, Isoptin) |
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Definition
| preferred Class IV (Ca blocker) for dysrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
| antidysrhythmic that causes urinary retention |
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Term
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Definition
| antidysrhythmic that can cause hyperglycemia in diabetics |
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Term
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Definition
supresses dysrhythmias
- used for ventricular dysrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
| procainamide is a class ___ antidysrhythmic |
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Term
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Definition
| antidysrhythimc that requires a cardiac monitor when given IV (hypotension, bradycardia) |
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Term
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Definition
| propranolol/Inderal is a class ___ antidysrhthmic |
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Term
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Definition
antidysrhythmic used for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
- drug of choice for atrial dysrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
| antidysrhymic that is toxic to the thyroid and has a very long oral half-life |
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Term
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Definition
| amioderone/pacerone is a class ___ antidysrhythmic |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that only works to correct supraventricular dysrhythmias. |
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Term
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Definition
| grapeftuit juice increases that drug levels of ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| verapamil is a class ___ antidysrhythimic |
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Term
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Definition
drug that causes a pause to rest the heart
- used in ICU/ER for dysrhymthias
- given with a fast push |
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Term
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Definition
| the half life of adenosine is ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| it is important to keep an adequate supply of ________ on hand at all times |
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Term
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Definition
class II antidysrhythmic that is not used very often anymore
- don't chew or crush
- watch for signs of toxicity (EKC changes, heart block, asystole, V. tach, V. fib, syncope, seizures, coma, death) |
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Term
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Definition
| EKC changes, heart block, asystole, V. tach, V. fib, syncope, seizures, coma, death are s/s of ___________ |
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Term
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Definition
| antidysrhythmic that is given orally with 8 oz water every 6 hours to get serum levels of 2-8 mcg/ml |
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Term
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Definition
| antidysrhytmic that is given mostly IV at 1-4 mg/min and requires constant monitoring. can become toxic |
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Term
| SAMS (slurred speech, altered CNS, muscle twitching, seizures) |
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Definition
| s/s of lidocaine toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitters are released by the ______ neurons into the synaptic cleft |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitter that is released by sympathetic nerves at the synapse with organs |
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