Term
| what are the systemic antifungal agents (9) |
|
Definition
amphotericin B
amphotericin B lipid complex
flucytosine 5-FC
ketoconazole
flyconazole
itraconazole
capofungin
vircanazole
posaconazole |
|
|
Term
| what are the superificial antifungal agents (7) |
|
Definition
frisofulvin
tervinafine
nystatin
ketocanazole
microanazole
clotrimazole
terconazole |
|
|
Term
| what fungal agents are clearly fungistatic (2) |
|
Definition
griseofulvin
ketoconazole depending on dose |
|
|
Term
| what fungal agents are celarly fungicdic (1) |
|
Definition
| ketoconazole depending on dose |
|
|
Term
| 4 ways to get a fungal infection and some examples for each |
|
Definition
1. loss of mechanical barrier: burn, surgery, catheter
2. organ transplant and anti-rejection therapy
3. Immunodeficiency: AIDs, diabetes
4. supression of competing organisms: antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binds to sterols (ergesterol) allows K followed by Mg out, deranges cell metabolism causing cell death
sometimes binds sterols in humans because isnt specific |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binds to sterols (ergesterol) allows K followed by Mg out, deranges cell metabolism causing cell death
complexes two phospholipids so it can go into ergosterol fungal membranes without interfering with human cholesterol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
needs amphotericin B synergy to allow it to penetrate wall
enters cell via cytosine-specific permease, converted to…
A. 5-FdUMP which inhibits thymudylate synthease lowering thymidylic acid (needed for DNA)
B. 5-FUMP which is put in fungal RNA disrupting protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interacts with P450 enzyme C14-a-demythylase and blocks demythelation of lanosterol to ergosterol disrupting membrane function and increasing permeability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nteracts with P450 enzyme C14-a-demythylase and blocks demythelation of lanosterol to ergosterol disrupting membrane function and increasing permeability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interacts with P450 enzyme C14-a-demythylase and blocks demythelation of lanosterol to ergosterol disrupting membrane function and increasing permeability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits formation of B(1,3)-D-glucans in fungal cell wal |
|
|
Term
| resistance to amphotericin B can happen by |
|
Definition
| fungi without or with decreased ergosterol |
|
|
Term
| resistance to ABLC can heppen by |
|
Definition
| fungi without or with decreased ergosterol |
|
|
Term
| resistance to flucotysine can happen by |
|
Definition
| develops fast when used as monotherapy (without amphotericin B) |
|
|
Term
| resistance to fluconazole can happen by |
|
Definition
| seen in HIV infected patients with more serious infections |
|
|
Term
| side effects of amphotericin B (7) |
|
Definition
fever, chills
renal failure
hypotension (shock)
thrombophlebitis
neuro when administered intrathecal
normocytic norochromic anemia deu to RBC production supression |
|
|
Term
| side effect for ABLC, why |
|
Definition
| less toxic than ampotericin B because it is more selective and does not bind human sterols as often |
|
|
Term
| side effects flucytosine (4) |
|
Definition
hematological toxicity: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
hepatic dysfunction: elevation of serum transaminase and alkaline phosphatase |
|
|
Term
| side effects of ketoconazole (4) |
|
Definition
nausea, vomting
hepatic: rare but serious
endocrine: antiandrogen (stops C17-lyase which decreases testosterone causing impotence) |
|
|
Term
| side effects fluconazole (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects of itraconazole (3) |
|
Definition
| hypokalemia, hypertension, edema |
|
|
Term
| side effects of capofungin (2) |
|
Definition
| histamine release, liver function issues sometimes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occasional drug interactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occasional drug interactions |
|
|
Term
| amphotericin B: administration, administration instructions |
|
Definition
IV
intrathecal for meningitis |
|
|
Term
| ABLC: administration, administration instructions |
|
Definition
IV
intrathecal for meningitis |
|
|
Term
| flucytosine: administration, administration instructions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ketoconazole: administration, administration instructions (4) |
|
Definition
oral
absorption impaired by food, antacids, cimetadine, rifampin
acid improves absorption (pop) |
|
|
Term
| fluconazole: administration, administration instructions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| itaconazole: administration, administration instructions |
|
Definition
oral- well absorbed
food increases bioavability |
|
|
Term
| capofungin: administration, administration instructions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which systemic antifungals enter the CNS (4) |
|
Definition
amphotericin B and ABLC if administered intrathecal
flucytosine
fluconazole |
|
|
Term
| which systemic antifungals bind to plasma proteins (4) |
|
Definition
amphotericin B
ABLC
ketoconazole
fluconazole - minimal |
|
|
Term
| which systemic antifungals cross the plcaenta, which are teratogenic (3) |
|
Definition
amphotericin B
ABLC
fluconazole - teratogen |
|
|
Term
| what tissues does ketoconazole reach (4) |
|
Definition
| lung, bone, skin, soft tissue |
|
|
Term
| what tissues does itraconazole reach (4) |
|
Definition
| bone, sputum, adipose, most tissues |
|
|
Term
| which systemic antifungals are metabolized by the liver, how well or to what extent (3) |
|
Definition
fluconazole - poorly
ketoconazole - extensive
itraconazole - extensive |
|
|
Term
| which systemic antifungal are excreted by the kidney (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most broad spectrum azole of them all |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is viraconazole used for (3) |
|
Definition
candidia
DOC
invasive aspergillosis |
|
|
Term
| what is capofungin used for (4) |
|
Definition
azole resistat isolates of C. albicans
aspergillus fumigantus
P. carinii
H. capsulatum |
|
|
Term
| what is itraconazole the drug of choice for (1), what else does it di (5) |
|
Definition
Broad
drug of choice: blastomycosis
AIDS associated histoplasmosis
aspergillosis, candidemia, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis |
|
|
Term
| what is fluconazole the drug of choice for (4), what else does it do (2) |
|
Definition
Drug of choice: cryptococcus neoformans, candidemia, coccidiodomycosis
chronic ambulitory treatment, reduce fungal infection in marrow transplant |
|
|
Term
| what is ketoconazole good at killing (4), what combination should it be in and why, what combination shouldnt it be in and why |
|
Definition
same as amphotericin B but together antagonizes its activity, narrow
good at histoplasmosis andnonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis
add to flucytosine for candida |
|
|
Term
| what does flucytosine kill (2) |
|
Definition
systemic mycosis and meningitis caused by…
cryptococcus neoformans
candidia |
|
|
Term
| what does amphotericin B and ABLC (6) |
|
Definition
broad
candidia albicans
histoplasma capsulatum
cryptococcus neoformans
coccidioides immitis
aspergillus
blastomyces dermatitidis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
energy dependent enterance within microtubules
disrupts mitotic spindles
inhibits mitosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits fungal enzyme squaline epoxidase causing accumulation of sterol swualine which is toxic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polyene antibiotic resemboles amphotericin B in MOA |
|
|
Term
| MOA superificial ketonconazole |
|
Definition
| interacts with P450 enzyme C14-a-demythylase and blocks demythelation of lanosterol to ergosterol disrupting membrane function and increasing permeability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interacts with P450 enzyme C14-a-demythylase and blocks demythelation of lanosterol to ergosterol disrupting membrane function and increasing permeability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interacts with P450 enzyme C14-a-demythylase and blocks demythelation of lanosterol to ergosterol disrupting membrane function and increasing permeability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interacts with P450 enzyme C14-a-demythylase and blocks demythelation of lanosterol to ergosterol disrupting membrane function and increasing permeability |
|
|
Term
| how do you get resisance or stop the drug griseofulvin from working |
|
Definition
| phenobarbital: epilepsy drug stops drug absorption |
|
|
Term
| what are the side effects of griseofulvin (4) |
|
Definition
induces P450 for many drugs
teratogenic
hepatotoxicity in patients with prophyria
disufram reaction |
|
|
Term
| what are the side effects of terbinafine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is terconazole aministered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is miconazole administered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is clotrimazole administered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is superificial ketoconazole administered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is nystatin administered, why |
|
Definition
topical and oral swish and swallow
not absorbed in the GI tract |
|
|
Term
| how is terbinafine administered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is griseofulvin administered, any instructions |
|
Definition
| oral - not absorbed well so take with fats |
|
|
Term
| what antifungal do you have to take for a long time, why |
|
Definition
griseofulvin
ust continue therapy until normal tissue replaces infected tissue
weeks to months |
|
|
Term
| where does griseofulvin distribute to (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is griseofulvin metabolized |
|
Definition
| metabolized in the liver via P450 |
|
|
Term
| what is nystatin used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is superificial ketoconazole used for |
|
Definition
| tinea corporis, T. pedis, T. curis, T. versicolor, candidasis |
|
|
Term
| what is micronazole used for (5) |
|
Definition
| tinea corporis, T. pedis, T. curis, T. versicolor, candidasis |
|
|
Term
| what is clotrimazole used for (5) |
|
Definition
| tinea corporis, T. pedis, T. curis, T. versicolor, candidasis |
|
|
Term
| what is terconazole used for (5) |
|
Definition
| tinea corporis, T. pedis, T. curis, T. versicolor, candidasis |
|
|
Term
| what is terbinafine used for |
|
Definition
| same as grisofulvin but more effective |
|
|
Term
| what is griseofulvin used for (5) |
|
Definition
dermatophytes: trichophyton, microsporum, epidermophyton,
Tinea that didn’t respond to other treatment |
|
|
Term
| what anti-helminth drugs are used to treat nematodes (5) |
|
Definition
albendazole
pyrantel
thiabendazole
ivermectin
diethylbarbamazin |
|
|
Term
| what anti-helminth drugs are used to treat cestodes and termatodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cestode: aka, 4 features of its body, location in host, how to acquire (3) |
|
Definition
tapeworm
flat, segmented, attach to intestines, no mouth, no digestive tract
found in beef, pork, fish |
|
|
Term
| termatode: aka, shape, 4 places in host its found |
|
Definition
flukes
leaf shape
liver, lungs, intestine, blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binds to microtubules, stops their synthesis
decreases glycose uptake
parasite is expelled in feces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. Activates nicotinic receptors and paralizes worm which is then expelled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binds to microtubules, stops their synthesis
decreases glycose uptake
parasite is expelled in feces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| targets gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA-A) letting Cl out hyperpolarizing the cells, causing worm paralysis and expulsion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease muscle activity of parasites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
permeability of cell membrane to Ca increases causing contracture and paralysis
inhibit mitochondrial anaerobic phosphorlyation (uncomple reaction from ADP to ATP) |
|
|
Term
| how can the effectiveness of thiabenzadiole be drecreased |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dizzy
headache
abdominal cramps
vomiting
elevated liver enzymes
hepatic disease |
|
|
Term
| side effects thiabendazole (11) |
|
Definition
| behavorial changes, dizzy, fever, seizures, bradycardia, hypotension, hepatic disease, renal disease, jaundic, abormal smelling urine, Steven's Johnson syndrome |
|
|
Term
| side effects ivermectin (3) |
|
Definition
dizzy
diarrhea
leukopenia
Mazzotti reaction: rapid killing of microfilaria induces ocular inflammatory response |
|
|
Term
| side effects diethylcarbamazine (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects praziquantel (5) |
|
Definition
nausea
vomiting
fever
rash
alcohol within 24h increases CNS issues |
|
|
Term
| how can the plasma level of praziquantel be |
|
Definition
| cimetidine is a P450 inhibitor for it |
|
|
Term
| what is the dosing redigimes for albendazole (2) |
|
Definition
1 tablet, repeat 3 weeks later for pinworms (treat everyone in home)
1 tablet twice a day for 3 days for other |
|
|
Term
| howis pyrantel administered, what administration instructions |
|
Definition
oral or suspension
if it is a pinworm infection treat everyone in the home |
|
|
Term
| how is thiabendazole administered |
|
Definition
| oral suspension or tablet |
|
|
Term
| how is ivermectin administered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what interactions are there with ivermectin, why |
|
Definition
| benzodiasapines and barbitols act like the drug and may cayse OD |
|
|
Term
| how is praziquantel administered, administration instructions, why |
|
Definition
oral
take laxative before med to purge of death segments and allow for good ova liberation and avoid cysticerosis |
|
|
Term
| which antihelminth pass into the placenta, which a teratogenic (4) |
|
Definition
praziquantel - teratogenic
ivermectin - teratogenic
thiabendazole - teratogenic
pyrantel - teratogenic maybe |
|
|
Term
| which antihelminth passes into the CNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which antihelminths are metabolized in the liver (3) |
|
Definition
praziquantel
ivermectin
albendazole |
|
|
Term
| which antihelminths are excreted in the liver (2) |
|
Definition
albendazole
iveromectin (then feces) |
|
|
Term
| which antihelminths are excreted in the kidney (2) |
|
Definition
thiabendazole
praziquantel |
|
|
Term
| what is praziquantel drug of choice for, what else is it used for (3) |
|
Definition
all cestode infections, cysticerosis + termatodes
drug of choice for most tapeworm infections |
|
|
Term
| what is diethylcarbamazine used for (1) |
|
Definition
| Filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti |
|
|
Term
| what is ivermectin used for (2) |
|
Definition
River Blindness: onchocerca volvus (where the worm was in the eye)
Scabes |
|
|
Term
| what is thiabendazole used for (3) |
|
Definition
Thread worm: strongyloides stercoralis
cutaneous larval margins
trichinella spiralis (trichinosis) |
|
|
Term
| what is pyrantel used for (3), when do you use it |
|
Definition
round worms
pin worms
hookworms
not as good as albendazole |
|
|
Term
| what is albendazole used for (5) |
|
Definition
Broad spectrum
Whip worm: trichuris trchiura
Pinworm: enterobius vermicularis
hookworm: necator americanus
round worm: ascariasis lumbricoides |
|
|
Term
| why do antiprotozoal drugs cause more side effects, where are they usualy at? (4) |
|
Definition
Protozoa are eukaryotes and have metabolic processes closer to humans so drugs have more toxic effects
Increased in cells with high metabolic activity like kidney, neurons, intestinal, and stem cells |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common ameoba pathogen and the disease it causes |
|
Definition
E. histolitica
amebiasis (amebic dysentery) |
|
|
Term
| what are the three categories of amebocides, what distinguishes them |
|
Definition
mixed: effective in lumen and systemic, concentration too low for single drug treatment
luminal: act on parasite in lumen of bowel
systemic: act on parasite in intestine wall and liver |
|
|
Term
| what are the three antiameoba drugs and their category |
|
Definition
mixed: metronidazole
luminal: diloxanide furolate
systemic: chloroquine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| female anopheles mosquito |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 types of malaria, what is the their severity and prevelence |
|
Definition
plasmodium falciparum: severe, common
P. vivax: mild, common
P. malariae: mild very common
P. ovale: mild, rare |
|
|
Term
| what categories of drugs are used to treat malaria (2) |
|
Definition
tissue schizoniticides
blood schizoniticides |
|
|
Term
| what are the tissue schizoniticides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the blood schizoniticides (3) |
|
Definition
chloroquine
quinine
mefloquine |
|
|
Term
| what two diseases do trypanosomiasis cause |
|
Definition
african sleeping sickness
american sleeping sickness (Chagas') |
|
|
Term
| what microbes cause african sleeping sickness (2) |
|
Definition
T. bruceo gambiense
T. bruci rhodinese |
|
|
Term
| what microbe causes american sleeping sickness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for trypanosomiasis (3) |
|
Definition
melarsoprol
pentamidine
isethionate
nifurtimox |
|
|
Term
| how is leshmianisis transmitted |
|
Definition
| animal to human by bite of sand flies |
|
|
Term
| what are the three types of leshimaniasis |
|
Definition
cutaneous
mucocutaneous
visceral |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for leshimaniasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cause of toxoplasmosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the transmission of toxoplasmosis gondii (2) |
|
Definition
| raw meat or oocytes shed from cats |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment of toxoplasmosis gondii |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most commonly diagnosed intestinal parasite in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is giardia transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two forms of E. histolytica, where are they located |
|
Definition
Cysts: survive outside the body
Labile: invasive trophozoites that cannot live outside the body |
|
|
Term
| how is E. histolica transferred, where does it grow, how does it cause infection |
|
Definition
Cysts ingested through feces contamination and pass to intestines
Trophozoites are born and invade and ulcerate the mucosa and feed on intestinal bacteria
As they increase in numbers they are able to invade systemically
As they migrate to the rectum they return to cyst form and are excreted in feces |
|
|
Term
| how is E. histolitca diagnosed |
|
Definition
| E. histolytica in fresh feces |
|
|
Term
| what are the signs of P. falciparum (5) |
|
Definition
persistent high fever
orthostatic hypotension
erythrocytosis (swollen limbs)
capillary obstructiondeath |
|
|
Term
| why is P. falciprum dangerous (3) |
|
Definition
it can infect RBC of any age
increased drug resistance
increased insectacide resistance |
|
|
Term
| what is the main clinical concern for P. vivax |
|
Definition
| may remain in the liver after the blood part of the disease is elminated |
|
|
Term
| what is the main clinical concern for P. ovale |
|
Definition
| may remain in the liver after the blood part of the disease is elminated |
|
|
Term
| how is trypanosomiasis acquired, where does it go in the body, how does it cause pathoology, what are the signs |
|
Definition
Initially live and grow in the blood
Invade CNS and cause inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
Produces lethargy and continuous sleep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ferredoxin like, low redox, e- transport chains occur in anaerobic abeobe making ROS.
nitro group of drug accepts e- and forms reduced cytotoxic compounds that bind to proteins and DNA causing cell death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chloroquine: MOA (4 parts) |
|
Definition
1. decreases DNA synthesis but disrupting tertiary structure of DNA
2. alkalinization of food vacoule: tops Hb digestion of the parasite by going into food vacoule and picking up a protein and making the food basic
3. interferes with heme polymerase: parasites eat Hb to get AA and Fe but this makes soluble Hb which is toxic so it uses heme polymerase and turns the Hb into hemozoin and puts it away in its food vacoule.
4. binds ferriprotoprophyrin iX damaging membrane causing lysis of the parasite and RBC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intermediates act as oxidants which cause hemolysis and methemoglobenmia toxicities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibit heme polymerase
affect DNA synthesis
damage the membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reacts with sulfhydryl inducing enzymes in organism and host |
|
|
Term
| pentamide isethionate: MOA |
|
Definition
| binds to parasite DnA and stops RNA/DNA/phospholipid/protein synthesis in parasite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| undergoes reduction so it has a free e- to attack O2 forming superoxide, hydeoxyl, and H2O2 raicals. Organism dosent have catalase so it kills it |
|
|
Term
| sodium sitbogluconate: MOA |
|
Definition
reduced to trivalent antiomy for activity
inhibits phosphofructokinase stopping glycolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stops diydrofolate reductase at a low enough concentration to not inhibit it in the host
this deprives it of tetrahydrofolate so it cant make purines and pyrimidines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some P. falciprum has become resistant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some trichomonas have become resistant |
|
|
Term
| metronidazole: side effects (7) |
|
Definition
GI: nausea, vomiting, cramp
metalic taste
oral moniliasis
disulfiram like effect
rare CNS: numbness upon drug discontinuation |
|
|
Term
| diloxanide fulorate: side effects (3) |
|
Definition
mild flatulence
dryness of the mouth
puritus |
|
|
Term
| chloroquine: side effects (3) |
|
Definition
ECG changes - quinidine effect
chronic Tx: discoloration of nail beds, visual disturbances |
|
|
Term
| primaquine: side effects (3) |
|
Definition
GI
drug induced hemolytic anemia in people with low G6PDH
rare blood dyscrasia in patients with lupus |
|
|
Term
| quinine: side effects (7) |
|
Definition
cinchonism: nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, vertigo
discontiune for positive coombs test for hemolytic anemia
potentiation of neuromuscular blocking agents (surgery)
elevation of digoxin levels |
|
|
Term
| mefloquine: side effects (3) |
|
Definition
| dizzy, disorientation, hallucinations (caution to SCUBA divers), neurotic and psychotic stuff |
|
|
Term
| melarsoprol: side effects (1) |
|
Definition
| CNS: encephalopathy may appear soon after therapy. Usually subsides, can be fatal |
|
|
Term
| pentamide isethionate: side effects (3) |
|
Definition
renal dysfunction
hypotension
toxic to B cells of pancreas |
|
|
Term
| nifurtimox: side effects (3) |
|
Definition
anaphylaxis
delayed hypersensitivity
peripherial neuropathy |
|
|
Term
| sodium sitbogluconate: side effects (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pyrimethamine: side effects (2) |
|
Definition
megaloblastic anemia: reversable with leuconvorin
hypersensitivity (can be severe) |
|
|
Term
| metronidazole: administration, absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diloxanide furolate: administration, absorption (and its significance) |
|
Definition
| 90% absorbed, but the unabsorbed part is the amebocide |
|
|
Term
| chloroquine: administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primaquine: administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| melarsoprol: administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pentamide isethionate: administration methods, why not the others |
|
Definition
IM or aerosol
Avoid IV: tachycardia, decrease in BP |
|
|
Term
| sodium sitboqluconate: asministration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| metronidazole: how is it metabolized (2), what can enhance this (1), what can increase the half life (1) |
|
Definition
hepatic oxidation of the side chain by oxidase and glucuronidation (accumulates in hepatic disease)
enhanced by phenobarbital
cimetidine increases half life (heart burn) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some metabolic products retain antimalarial activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapidly oxidized to many other compounds |
|
|
Term
| primaquine: distribution and its significance |
|
Definition
| can get to the liver to get P. vivax and P. ovale but does not concentrate anywhere in particular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excretion decreased due to alkalinization of the urine |
|
|
Term
| what antiprotozoa has the longest half life how long is it, who is the runner up |
|
Definition
mefloquine
long half life (17d)
pentamide isethionate |
|
|
Term
| what antiprotozoa enters the CNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| host oxidizes non-toxic pentavalent arsenic compoind |
|
|
Term
| what is pyrmithamine used to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is sodium sitboglyconate used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is nifurtumox used for |
|
Definition
| acute T. cruzi infection, chronic stage treatment results are variable (drug is supressive not curative) |
|
|
Term
| what is pentamide isethionate used for (2) |
|
Definition
T. brucei gambinese in hematological stage
Pneymocystis carinii |
|
|
Term
| what is melarsoprol used for |
|
Definition
| drug of choice: late stages with CNS involvement for gambinense and rhodesiense |
|
|
Term
| what is mefloquine used for (2) |
|
Definition
prophylaxis for chloroquine resistant malaria (also doxycycline)
treatment for chloroquine resistant malaria |
|
|
Term
| what is quinine used for (2) |
|
Definition
reserved for resistant strains
treatment for chloroquine resistant malaria |
|
|
Term
| what is primaquine used for (5) |
|
Definition
kills…
*primary exoerythrocytic P. falciparum and P. vivax
*secondary exoerythrocytic forms of P. vivax and P. ovale (in liver)
*sexual forms of all plasmodia are destoried in blood or prevented from maturing
*little activity on erythrocytic schizonts so often used in combo with blood schizoniticide |
|
|
Term
| what is metronidazole used for (3), how is it used |
|
Definition
E. histolitica
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
usually combined with a luminal ameboside because it is rapidly absorbed |
|
|
Term
| what is diloxanide furolate used for (2) |
|
Definition
asymptomatic passers of cysts
intestinal amebiasis |
|
|
Term
| what is chloroquine used for (4) |
|
Definition
use with metronidazole and diloaxnide to treat and preent liver abscesses
drug of choice forerythrocytic P. falciparum
prophylaxis for chloroquine sensitive malaria
treatment for chloroquine sensitive acute malaria |
|
|
Term
| what drug has to be gotten from the CDC |
|
Definition
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