Term
| imipramine and amitriptyline are in which class? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the active metabolites of amitriptyline and imipramine? |
|
Definition
| desipramine and nortriptyline |
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Term
| amoxapine, bupropion, maprotiline and trazodone are ___ generation, and in the class of _____ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| duloxetine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, and venlafaxine are ___ generation, and in the class of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Which heterocyclics have short half lives and require administration 2-3 times per day? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which class of drugs resembles phenothiazines and blocks reuptake of both NE and 5HT? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fluoxetine is the prototype for which class of drugs? What is special about it? |
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Definition
| SSRIs, it forms an active metabolite and has a once-weekly preparation |
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Term
| citalopram, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline are in which class? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| phenelzine and tranylcypromine are in which class? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which MAOI is the fastest in onset and has the shortest DOA? |
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Definition
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Term
| MAOIs have what effect on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which drug is a selective inhibitor of MAO-B? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which drug has an unknown MOA? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Long term use of tricyclics and _____s leads to down-regulation of ____ receptors |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibit reuptake transporters for NE and 5HT |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| The __ generation drugs duloxetine and venlafaxine are potent inhibitors of both _____ and _____ transporters. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the unique action of mirtazapine? |
|
Definition
| increases amine release from nerve endings by antagonism of presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoreceptors |
|
|
Term
| How do MAOIs increase brain amine levels? |
|
Definition
| Interfere with their metabolism in nerve endings, so when vesicles are discharged, they release more amines |
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Term
| What effect do drugs that block NE transporters in the CNS or MAOIs have on sympathetic tone? |
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Definition
| Can increase peripheral autonomic sympathomimetic effects |
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|
Term
| Long term use of MAOIs can ____ blood pressure |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Sedation is a common CNS effect of which types of drugs? |
|
Definition
| tricyclics, some heterocyclics, especially mirtazapine and trazodone |
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|
Term
| Trazodone is commonly prescribed as a ___ aid |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which types of drugs are more likely to cause CNS stimulating effects, as opposed to sedating effects? |
|
Definition
| MAOIs, SSRIs and bupropion |
|
|
Term
| Antagonist of muscarinic receptors occurs with all ______ and is particularly marked with ______ and ______. |
|
Definition
| tricyclics, amitriptyline, doxepin |
|
|
Term
| Cardiovascular effects occur most commonly with which kind of drugs? What effects are seen? |
|
Definition
| tricyclics, hypotension from a-adrenoreceptor blockade, depression of cardiac conduction, arrhythmias |
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|
Term
| The convulsive threshold is lowered by which kind of drugs? ODs of _____ and the SSRIs have also caused seizures. |
|
Definition
| TCAs and MAOIs. Maprotiline and SSRIs. |
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|
Term
| Which drugs are now most widely prescribed for depression due to more tolerable side effects and safety in overdose? |
|
Definition
| SSRIs and certain heterocyclics |
|
|
Term
| Tricyclics continue to be most useful in pts with... |
|
Definition
| psychomotor retardation, sleep disturbance, poor appetite, weight loss. |
|
|
Term
| MAOIs are most useful in pts with... |
|
Definition
| anxiety, phobic features, hypochondriasis |
|
|
Term
| Which MAO type B inhibitor is used in Parkinson's and is now available as a patch for depression? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| SSRIs may _____ appetite. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some believe that SSRIs and newer heterocyclics raise the risk of suicide in... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to depression, TCAs are also used for... |
|
Definition
| bipolar, panic attacks, phobias, enuresis, ADHD, chronic pain |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is effective for neuropathic pain? Which drug is approved for pain of diabetic neuropathy? |
|
Definition
| Venlafaxine (effexor), duloxetine (cymbalta) |
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are effective for OCD? |
|
Definition
| Clomipramine and the SSRIs |
|
|
Term
| Other than depression, what are SSRIs used for? |
|
Definition
| GAD, panic attacks, social phobias, bulimia, PMDD, alcohol dependence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the adverse effects of TCAs |
|
Definition
| excessive sedation, lassitude, fatigue, confusion, sympathomimetic - tachy, agitation, sweating, insomnia, atropine-like effects, orthostatic hypotension, ECG abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, tremor and paresthesias, weight gain |
|
|
Term
| List the manifestations of TCA overdose. What are the 3 Cs? |
|
Definition
| agitation, delirium, neuromuscular irritability, convulsions, coma, respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, hyperpyrexia, cardiac conduction effects, severe arrhythmias. Coma, convulsions and cardiotoxicity. |
|
|
Term
| What happens if TCAs are taken with alcohol, barbs, benzos, or opioids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect do TCAs have on the antihypertensive action of guanethidine (blocker of NE release)? |
|
Definition
| reversal of action, blocks its transport into sympathetic nerve endings |
|
|
Term
| Which drugs may interfere with the antihypertensive actions of methyldopa and clonidine (a-adrenergic agonists)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mirtazapine is a _____, it causes weight _____, and is markedly sedating, as is _______. |
|
Definition
| heterocyclic, gain, trazodone |
|
|
Term
| amoxapine, maprotiline, mirtazapine and trazodone cause some _____ effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ is also a dopamine receptor blocker and may cause... |
|
Definition
| Amoxapine, akathisia, parkinsonism, amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of _____ include anxiety, agitation, dizziness, dry mouth, aggravation of psychosis, and at high doses, seizures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ and ______ are prominent features of overdosage with amoxapine and maprotiline |
|
Definition
| seizures and cardiotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| Venlafaxine causes a dose-dependent increase in _________ and has CNS _____ effects |
|
Definition
| blood pressure, stimulant |
|
|
Term
| Even after missing a single dose of ____, severe withdrawal effects can occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| both nefazodone and venlafaxine are ________s of cytochrome p450 enzymes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rarely, _____ has caused life-threatening hepatotoxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluoxetine and other SSRIs may cause... |
|
Definition
| nausea, headache, anxiety, agitation, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, |
|
|
Term
| What kind of extrapyramidal effects can occur early in treatment with SSRIs? |
|
Definition
| akathisia, dyskinesia, and dystonic reactions |
|
|
Term
| Gross overdosage of SSRIs can cause ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cardiac effects of citalopram OD include... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the SSRI withdrawal syndrome |
|
Definition
| nausea, dizziness, anxiety, tremor, palpitations |
|
|
Term
| the SSRIs are _____s of cyp 450 enzymes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which SSRI causes fewer drug interactions than the others? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Severe muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, cardiovascular instability, marked CNS stimulation, including seizures -- what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kinds of drugs have been used to manage serotonin syndrome? |
|
Definition
| antiseizure drugs, muscle relaxants, 5HT blockers (cyproheptadine) |
|
|
Term
| List the adverse effects of traditional MAOIs |
|
Definition
| hypertensive reactions to indirect sympathomimentics (e.g. tyramine in food), hyperthermia, CNS stimulation, agitation, convulsions |
|
|
Term
| Overdosage with MAOIs can lead to.. |
|
Definition
| shock, hyperthermia, seizures |
|
|
Term
| MAOIs administered together with SSRIs has resulted in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the prototype(s) for TCAs |
|
Definition
| amitriptyline, imipramine |
|
|
Term
| What are some TCAs besides the prototypical drugs? |
|
Definition
| clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, nortriptyline |
|
|
Term
| Name the 2nd gen heterocyclics |
|
Definition
| amoxapine, bupropion, maprotiline, trazodone |
|
|
Term
| name the 3rd gen heterocyclics |
|
Definition
| duloxetine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, venlafaxine |
|
|
Term
| What is the prototype for SSRIs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name some SSRIs besides the prototypical drug |
|
Definition
| citalopram, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline |
|
|
Term
| What is the prototype for MAOIs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name some MAOIs besides the prototype |
|
Definition
| tranylcypromine, selegiline |
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