Term
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Definition
narrow spectrum, B-lactamase susceptible,: Group A streptococci (pyogenes), T pallidum, enterococci, pneumococci, meningococci (Neisseria meningitidis ), anaerobes.
Can't kill staph because of penicillinase. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nafcillin, oxacillin: very narrow spectrum, penicillinase-resistant (Can't treat MRSA). |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxacillin used instead of methicillin to treat staphylococci(renal toxicity) |
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Term
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Definition
| ampicillin, amoxicillin. Like G (strep pyogenes, strep pneumonia, neisseria meningitidis, enterococci, T Pallidum, anaerobes), + Gram negatives (E. coli, H influenza, L monocytogenes, P mirabilis) |
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Term
| Broad spectrum, B-lactamase susceptible penicilins |
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Definition
| aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin), Carboxypenicillins (ticarcillin), Ureidopenicillins (piperacillin). Can be combined with a B-lactamase inhibitor to extend spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
| Ticarcillin. BROAD SPECTRUM. gram - spectrum extends to pseudomonas and proteus |
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Term
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Definition
| Piperacillin: gram neg is similar to ticarcillin but extends to K pneumonia, B fragilis |
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Term
| B lactamase inhibitors: structure |
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Definition
| contain a B-lactam ring that acts as a suicide substrate. Synergism with amoxicillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin |
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Term
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Definition
| BROADER, less susceptible to B-lactamases |
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Term
| Cephalosporin: bactericidal/static |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| PBP; less susceptible to B-lactamase |
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Term
| Cephalosporin: substituents |
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Definition
| affect porin penetration, B-lactamase susceptibility, target binding |
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Term
| Cephalosporin: resistance |
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Definition
| B-lactamase production, altered target, impaired access |
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Term
| Cephalosporin: adverse effects |
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Definition
| hypersenstivity: limited cross allergenicity w penicillins but do NOT use in pts with anaphylaxis; GI like penicillins |
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Term
| Cephalosporin: pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
| parenteral; do not enter the CNS |
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Term
| Cephalosporin: elimination |
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Definition
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Term
| Cephalosporin: 1st generation spectrum |
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Definition
| Not penicillins so they can kill bugs that produce penicillinases: gram + cocci prophylaxis, + E. coli, k pneumonia, p mirabilis |
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Term
| Cephalosporin: 2nd generation spectrum |
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Definition
| increased activity against gram - (H influenza, B fragilis), anaerobe prophylaxis |
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Term
| Cephalosporin: 3rd and 4th generation spectrum |
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Definition
| enteric gram - bacilli : hospital acquired strains that exhibit mulitdrug res |
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Term
| Cephalosporin: 1st generation uses |
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Definition
| surgical prophylaxis, skin infections |
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Term
| Cephalosporin: 2nd generation uses |
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Definition
| respiratory and mixed anaerobic infections |
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Term
| Cephalosporin: 3rd/4th generation uses |
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Definition
| empirical therapy of serious infections-meningitis, sepsis |
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Term
| Cephalosporin: 3rd generation uses |
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Definition
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Term
| Monobactam (aztreonam): target |
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Definition
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Term
| Monobactam (aztreonam): cidal/static |
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Definition
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Term
| Monobactam (aztreonam): spectrum |
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Definition
| gram -. Not susceptible to B-lactamases |
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Term
| Monobactam (aztreonam): resistant organisms |
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Definition
| gram + and anaerobes are intrinsically resistant. |
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Term
| Monobactam (aztreonam): resistance |
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Definition
| not susceptible to B-lactamases of gram - aerobes |
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Term
| Monobactam (aztreonam): synergistic co-drugs |
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Definition
| aminoglycosides; similar spectrum to aminoglycosides as well |
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Term
| Monobactam (aztreonam): adverse effects |
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Definition
| NO cross allergenicity with penicillins or cephalosporins |
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Term
| Monobactam (aztreonam): pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
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Term
| Monobactam (aztreonam): clearance |
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Definition
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Term
| Monobactam (aztreonam): uses |
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Definition
| Serious infections with drug resistant gram - aerobes |
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Term
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Definition
| imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem, eratepenem |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Carbapenems: cidal/static |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Very broad spectrum: kill many gram - and gram + organisms as well as PRSP (but not MRSA). Includes anaerobes |
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Term
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Definition
| low susceptibility to B-lactamases |
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Term
| Carbapenems: resistant organisms |
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Definition
| Ps. Aeruginosa, deliberately limiting drug use reduces selection pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Mixed infections (aspiration pneumonia, ruptured appendix, empirical therapy in immunocomromised hosts). As a last resort if 3rd generation cephalosporins don't work. |
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Term
| Carbapenems: pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| renal elimination. Renal dehydropeptidase I cleaves B-lactam ring of imipenem. cilastatic dehydropeptidase |
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Term
| Carbapenems: adverse effects |
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Definition
| hypersenstivity (cross sensitivity w Penicillins), GI, CNS (seizures w renal failure) |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds D-ala-D-ala to inhibit polyermization of the cell wall precursor. inhibits polymerization of the monomer |
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Term
| Glycopeptides: drug names |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycopeptides: cidal/static |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gram + (gram - are intrinsically resistant because vancomycin is too large to fit thru porins) |
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Term
| Glycopeptides: resistance mechanisms |
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Definition
| D-ala-D-ala is replaced by D-ala-D-lactate. loss of 1 hydrogen bond leads to a 1000x decrease in drug binding affinity. |
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Term
| Glycopeptides: adverse effects |
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Definition
| vasodilation (histamine induces red man syndrome), ototoxicity (hearing loss), nephrotoxicity. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Serious infections with B-lactam resistant gram +: MRSA, PRSP |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks dephosphorylation of the lipid II carrier transfers peptidoglycan subunits across the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nephrotoxic, only used topically |
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Term
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Definition
| structural analog of D-ala |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| CNS: headaches, tremors, convulsions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| UTIs, safe for pregnant, expensive |
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Term
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Definition
| cell membrane: Ca++ dependent insertion of lipid tail causes depolarization, disrupts macromolecular synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Daptomycin: pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
| Concentration dependent, PAE, parenteral |
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Term
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Definition
| urinary (adjust for renal disease) |
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Term
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Definition
| endocarditis and complex skin infections due to MRSA, VRSA, VRE (vancomycin resistanct enterococcus) |
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Term
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Definition
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