Term
|
Definition
Synthetic T4 hormone
makes excitable cells more excitable |
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|
Term
| Zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa) |
|
Definition
1/year injection, new bisphosphonate
very effective at treating osteoporosis, hypercalcemia
risk of kidney failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
new bisphosphonate
for osteoporosis and pagets disease
Risk for esophageal errosion and bone fractures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pyridinal bisphosphonate
osteoporosis and pagets disease
Risk for esophageal errosion and bone fractures |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1/month pill bisphosphonate
osteoporosis and pagets disease
Risk for bone fractures |
|
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Term
|
Definition
selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
for post menopausal osteoporosis
acts as estrogen receptor agonist in bone, antagonist in breast and uterus
risk of venous thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
parathyroid hormone
for postmenopausal osteoporosis
Toxicity of nausea, dizziness, leg cramps
very expensive but also very effective (especially in spine) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
active Vitamin D
for osteoporosis and hypoparathyroidism
increase intestianal Ca2 absorption
does not require metabolism in liver |
|
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Term
|
Definition
bisphosphonate
for hypercalciemia
toxicity: osteonecrosis of jaw |
|
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Term
|
Definition
hormone for hypercalcemia, paget's disease
inhibits osteolysis, increasing Ca excretion by kidney
Toxicity: rash, vomiting, salmon allergy |
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Term
|
Definition
| GI only for pinworm infections |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Systemic for pinworm infections
metabolized in liver |
|
|
Term
| Pyrantel Pamoate (antiminth, Pin-X OTC) |
|
Definition
for pinworm infections
broad spectrum that activates cholinergic nicotonic receptors in muslces of nematode- paralizes worms for excretion |
|
|
Term
| Mebendazole and Albendazole |
|
Definition
| Nematode (from undercooked pork) both bind with high affinity to B-tubulin |
|
|
Term
| Mebendazole (and albendazole for "creeping erputions) |
|
Definition
Hookworm (through skin contact) and flukes
anemia and bloodloss |
|
|
Term
| Praziquantel (Biltricide) |
|
Definition
Pork Tapeworm (Beef, fish and dwarf tapeworm)
induces contraction and paralysis of worm's muscles by increase in Ca2 ion influx
Neurocysticercosis treated wth dexamethasone, albendazole and praziquantel
add a purgative 2 hours after treatment to excrete all the eggs |
|
|
Term
| Metronidazole, Iodoquinol, Paromomycin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tricyclic antidepressant for BEDWETTING and depression
Seratonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
pseudoephedrine (also ↑ NE)
cardiovascular side effects, OD in danger of dying, antimuscarinic Ses, postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia, weight gain |
|
|
Term
| ALL ANTIDEPRESSANTS: Adaptive changes in receptor downregulation are the causes of the effects seen weeks after the onset of drug therapy. Narrow theraputic window |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tricyclic antidepressant, sedating and anticholinergic
Seratonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
pseudoephedrine (also ↑ NE)
cardiovascular side effects, OD in danger of dying, antimuscarinic Ses, postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia, weight gain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SSRI
short acting similar to prozac
quick metabolism, weight gain
front line drug |
|
|
Term
| Citarlpram and Escitalopram (Celexa nd Lexapro) |
|
Definition
SSRI
similar to sirtriline, long acting
few drug interactions
front line drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SSRI
similar to prozac
less potential for CYP-based drug interactions
front line drug |
|
|
Term
| Fluoxetine (Prozac) IMPORTANT |
|
Definition
SSRI
depression, social phobias, eating disorders, OCD, premenstrual dysphoric disorder
fine tremors, low OD risk, headache, Drug interactions in liver, slow metabolism
front line drug |
|
|
Term
| Venlafaxine (Effexor) and Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) |
|
Definition
SNRI
depression and generalized anxiety
few cardiac SEs
second line |
|
|
Term
| Trazadone (Desyrel) Nefazadone (Serzone) |
|
Definition
SNRI for depression
VERY SEDATING
long lasting erection
Second line drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SNRI for Musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain
fewer cardiovascular Ses than tri-c's but less than SSRIs |
|
|
Term
| Bupropion (Wellbutrin) IMPORTANT |
|
Definition
Different Depression Drug
for lethargic depression, addictions
acts on dopamine receptors
seizures, CNS STIMULATION, less sex Ses |
|
|
Term
| Atomoxetine (Strattera) IMPORTANT |
|
Definition
Selective NE reuptake inhibitor
for ADHD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MAO for depression
long acting
seratonin inhibitors "seratonin syndrome" (tremors, hypertension and seizures)
lots of drug-drug and drug-food interactions and toxicity, CNS Stimulation, Orthostatic hypotension
Backup drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MAO for parkinsins and depression
CNS short acting
seratonin inhibitors "seratonin syndrome" (tremors, hypertension and seizures)
lots of drug-drug and drug-food interactions and toxicity, CNS Stimulation, Orthostatic hypotension
Backup drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mood stabilizer bipolar disorder
1/2 life of 24 hours impaired renal function, NSAIDS, sodium depleted px
very narrow theraputic range, must moniter blood levels, GI, neuromuscular, CNS effects, cardiovascular
should not change anything without informing Dr. |
|
|
Term
| Carbamazapene (tegretol) Valproic acad analogs (Dpeakene) Clonazepam (Klonopin) |
|
Definition
| anti-epileptic and bipolar disorder |
|
|
Term
| Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) |
|
Definition
prodrug amphetamine
low abuse |
|
|
Term
| Methamphetamine (Desoxyn) "speed" |
|
Definition
long acting amphetamine
very intense CNS effects |
|
|
Term
| Methylphenidate (ritalin) |
|
Definition
amphetamine for ADD
acts on locus ceruleus to release NE |
|
|
Term
| Modafanil (Provigil) Armodafanil (Nuvigil) |
|
Definition
| non-amphetamine stimulants for narcolepsy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhibits reuptake of NE and DA
anesthetic and Vasoconstrictor
○ CNS stimulation, Euphoria, reinforcing effects on reward centers
○ Appetite suppression
○ Paranoia, hallucinations, psychosis
○ Tolerance and dependence
○ Increased confidence and social activity
treat withdrawal with:
○ L-DOPA
○ Buproprion (antidepressant)
○ Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treatment of asthma
Can be used to stimulate respiration in preterm infants
Relaxes bronchioles (HIGH doses) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spinal cord stimulant in rat poison
antagonist of glycine (NT)
treat with benzodiazepines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spinal cord stimulant
Cause seizures of extensor muscles, jaw lock
inhibits release of glycine in NTs |
|
|
Term
| Theophylline and Caffeine |
|
Definition
| respiratory stimulant for preterm infants |
|
|
Term
| Penicillin G (parenteral), V (oral), G Procaine (IM), G Benzathine (IM) |
|
Definition
resemble subunit in cell wall and prevent synthesis. cause leaky cell wall. Lysis ensues
no cell wall in mycoplasma, will not work
poor oral absorption
excreted by kidney- Probenecid slows excretion |
|
|
Term
| Synergism of antibiotics: |
|
Definition
1. Blockade of sequential enzymatic steps (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazloe-sulfonamide drugs)
2. inhibiting exazymatic inactivation of the antibiotic (beta-lactamase inhibitor + beta-lactam antibiotic)
3. enhance antibiotic uptake by bacteria (aminoglycoside + beta-lactam antibiotic) |
|
|
Term
| Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin |
|
Definition
Penicillinase Resitant Penicillin- Anti-staphylococcal Penicillin
For STAPH INFECTIONS, not MRSA
FOR GRAM +ve ONLY
poor oral absorption, highly bound to plama proteins leading to failure
Eliminated via Bile!!!!! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Extended Spectrum Penicillins FOR GRAM NEG BACTERIA
very good oral absorption
can cause non-allergic skin rashes (if viral infection)
Used to treat [HELPS ME]:
Heaemophilus, Ecoli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, Strept pyogenes, Moraxella, Enterococcus |
|
|
Term
| Ticarcillin, Piperacillin combos |
|
Definition
ANTIPSEUDOMONAL Penicillin
high sodium contraind if CHF or renal failure (Pip less), bleeding
more active against gram - bacilli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
monobactam beta-lactam antibiotic
against GRAM -ve Bacilli (pseudomonas)
NO ALLERGIC reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carbapenems, very BROAD spectrum |
|
|
Term
| Clavulanic acid, Tazobactam |
|
Definition
Beta-lactamase inhibitor
extends life of other antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for MRSA, methicillin resistant staph aureus |
|
|
Term
| alternatives to Nificillin |
|
Definition
| Vefazolin, Vancomycin, Clindamycin, TMP-SMX |
|
|
Term
| alternatives to Vancomycin |
|
Definition
| Use Linezolid, TMP-SMX, long acting tetracycline family member, newer antibiotics with activity against staph aureus- Tigecycline, Quinupristin-Dalfopristin |
|
|
Term
| Agents that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis |
|
Definition
| Penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin, bacitracin |
|
|
Term
| Agents that alter cell membrane permeability |
|
Definition
| Polymyxin B (essentially punches a hole in cell membrane of bacteria causing a leakage of intracellular components) |
|
|
Term
| Agents that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis |
|
Definition
Via 50S ribosomal subunit
• Chloramphenicol, macrolides, clindamycin, Q/D, Linezolid
Via 30S ribosomal subunit
• Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines |
|
|
Term
| Agents that inhibit synthesis of nucleic acids in bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agents that act as antimetabolites to block key metabolic steps |
|
Definition
| Trimethoprim and sulfonamides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can cause interstitial nephritis (type 4 hypersensitivity) mediated by T lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae (gram-positive cocci)
Haemophilus influenzae (gram negative bacilli), nontypable
Moraxella catarrhalis (gram negative cocci)
and treatment is Amoxicillin (+ clavulanic acid)
or if allergic, a 2nd gen cephalosporin CEFPROZIL |
|
|
Term
| first generation cephalosporins |
|
Definition
cePHalothin
cePHapirin
cePHradine
cePHalexin *
ceFAZolin * surgical prophylaxis
ceFADroxil
DO not penetrate CNS, degraded by beta-lactamases, good for gram positives |
|
|
Term
| second generation cephalosporins |
|
Definition
FAM FUR FOX TE(A) PRO MET NIC
DO not penetrate CNS except Cefuroxime but NOT good activity against MENINGITIS, GOOD FOR RESPIRATORY, skin and urinary infections |
|
|
Term
| 3rd generations cephalosporins |
|
Definition
contain a T in their names. GOOD FOR CNS MENINGITIS and gram negatives, resistant to beta-lactamases
CefTriaxone
CefTizoxime
CefTazidinme
Cefixime) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
has longest half life of all cephalosporins (8 hours)
Good for GONORRHEA
Eliminated via bile- ok for renal failure |
|
|
Term
| Should not _______ when taking cephalosporin antibiotic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4th generatio cephalosproins |
|
Definition
most resistant to beta-lactamases, good for Pseudomonas and Enterobacter UTI
Cefepime |
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