Term
|
Definition
| Chemical substance produced by microorganisms suppress growth of other microorganisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevent multiplication of microorganism |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Action of Penicillin |
|
Definition
| Prevents new bacterial wall formation, protoplasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
From Penicillium mold, naroow spectrume mainly gram-positive
Treat pneumoniae, middle ear infection, skin infection, meningitis, syphilis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More acid stable, oral administration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resistant to penicillinase |
|
|
Term
| Ampicillin and Amoxacillin |
|
Definition
| Broader spectrum than penicillin G, active against several gram-negative bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Broader spectrum than ampicillin and amoxacillin, semisynthetic penicillin |
|
|
Term
| Adverse Effects of Penicillins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Combination of amoxacillin and clavulinic acid (inhibitor of penicillinase) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antibiotics chemically simialr penicillins, more resistance penicillinase, selective inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis |
|
|
Term
| First generation: Cephalothin |
|
Definition
| Good activity against gram-positive and moderate against gram-negative |
|
|
Term
| Second generation: Cefamandole |
|
Definition
| Increased activity against gram-negative |
|
|
Term
| Third generation: Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime |
|
Definition
Less active against gram-positive that first generation but more active against gram-negative
Ceftriaxone treat gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime treat menigitis |
|
|
Term
| Fourth generation: cefepine |
|
Definition
| Increased stability to penicillinase, borader spectrum than third generation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Effective against staphylococci, inhibit cell wall formation, orally for C difficile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Oral or intravenous treat gram positive and negative
Inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
For those allergic to penicillin, treat grma-positive or negative
Selectively inhibits bacterial protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Azithromycin and Clarithromycin |
|
Definition
Modified erythromycin
More expensive but less frequent administration and gastrointestinal problems, penetrate into tissues well |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Broad spectrum, inhibit protein synthesis
Resistance
Cause discolouration of teeth and diminish bone growth, not used in pregnancy or under 12
Long time, deteriorate into toxic degradation products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Broad spectrum bacteriostatic
Causes rare fatal bone marrow failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gentamicin and Streptomycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Effective against gram-negative bacteria, toxic effects, first to treat tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Treat sever gram-negative bacteria
Toxic effects: kidney damage, deafness, loss of balance, vertigo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Isoniazis and rifampin for 6mo daily, pyrazinamide first 2mo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Consist of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim
Sulfamethoxazole inhibits para-aminobenzoic into dihydrofolic
Trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase
Inhibit tetrahydrofolic acid formation, essential for DNA and protein synthesis
More inhibitory to bacteria than humans
Treat recurrent bacterial infection urinary tract, respiratory, gastrointestinal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Treat severe fungal infections, binds to steroid outer membrane, causes pore (leakage)
Adverse effects: kidney toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole
Oral, inhibit ergosterol synthesis needed for cell membrane, inhibits fungal cytochrome P450
Treat yeast infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevention of influenza A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurominidase inhibtor, prevent neighbouring cells from being infected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Treatment serious infections by herpes simplex virus
Long term use decrease frequncy of recurrence of genital herpes
Used to treat infections by varicella-zoster virus, chicken pox and shingles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prevention of malaria
Treatment of malaria due to plasmodium vivax, ovale, malariae
Adverse effects: nausea, headache, difficulty focussing in eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prevention of malaria where resistant to chloroquine
Adverse effects: vertigo, seizures and psychosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
More toxic, less effective than chloroquine
Oral and intravenous
Adverse effects: ringing in ears, nausea, headache, disturbed vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Photosensitizing
DO not use when pregnant, under 12 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevent relapse due to persistent liver phase of vivax or ovale |
|
|
Term
| Inhibitors of folate synthesis |
|
Definition
| Pyrimethamine related to trimethoprime, combination treatment and prevention |
|
|
