Term
|
Definition
Understood and definable
Confusion, disorientation, memory disturbances and behavioural disorganization |
|
|
Term
| Functional (unknown cause) psychoses |
|
Definition
| Retention of orientation and memory in presence severely disordered thought or reasoning, emotion and behaviour |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Change in emotion or mood
Mania:elation, hyperactivity, and uncontrollable thought and speech
Depression: intense sadness and self-disapproval, and physical and mental slowing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Retain ability to comprehend reality
Mood changes, limited abnormalities of thought (obsession or irrational fears) or behaviour (rituals or compulsions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Delusions, hallucinations, bizarre behaviour, lock of logic, incoherence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Apathy, social withdrawal, loss of motivation |
|
|
Term
| Dopamine Hypothesis - Theory of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
Excessive dopaminergic activity
- increase dopaminergic activity aggrevates schizophrenia
- dopamine receptor density increased in schizophrenics |
|
|
Term
| Antagonism of dopamine receptors in nigrostriatal system |
|
Definition
Parkinson's and dystonia
Tardive dyskinesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involuntary movements of face, tongue, trunk and limbs |
|
|
Term
| Endocrine effects of dopamine |
|
Definition
In hypothalamus exerts tonic inhibitory effect on prolactin from pituitary gland
Antagonizing dopamine receptors, excess prolactin |
|
|
Term
| Receptors blocked by Phenothiazine Antipsychotics |
|
Definition
| Cholinergic, serotonin, histamine, alpha-adrenoceptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blocks dopamine receptors, sedative |
|
|
Term
| Second Generation Antipsycotics (atypical) |
|
Definition
| Relieve both positive and negative symptoms, block serotonin and dopamine |
|
|
Term
| Phenothiazine antipsychotic |
|
Definition
| Antagonists at dopamine receptors, relieve positive symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Relieves positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Can cause decrease number white blood cells |
|
|
Term
| Clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mood stabilizing agent, treat mania
Mechanism of action unknown: effects on electrolytes/ion transport, neurotransmitters, second messengers that mediate transmitter action |
|
|
Term
| Adverse Effects of Lithium |
|
Definition
| Nausea, fatigue, tremour, thirst, excessive urination, edema, weight gain, confusion, loss of muscle coordination, mild hypothyroidism, skin reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Valproic acid
Carbamazepine
Clonzepam |
|
|
Term
| Reactive(secondary) depression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major depression (endogenous) |
|
Definition
| Disturbances of sleep, hunger, appetite, loss of pleasure and interest, decrease sexual drive, mental slowing, loss of concentration |
|
|
Term
| Depression association with manic-depressive disorder |
|
Definition
| Manage with anti-depressants |
|
|
Term
| Amine Hypothesis for Depression |
|
Definition
Depletion amine stores, amine-dependent neurotransmission diminished
Antidepressant drugs act on storage, metabolism or re-uptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine |
|
|
Term
| Neurotrophic Hypothesis of Depression |
|
Definition
| Associated with reduced neurotrophic (growth and interconnectivity of neurons) support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atypical antidepressant, less adverse effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Less effect on ANS, less toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drugs that block serotonin and norepinephrine uptake |
|
|
Term
| MAO-A responsible for metabolism of norepinephrine, serotonin and tyramine |
|
Definition
Selective blockade for depression therapy
MAO inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Phenelzine and tranylcypromine |
|
Definition
| Non-selective inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Selective MAO-A inhibitor, short-acting, reversible inhibitor of MAO-A |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Tricyclic antidepressants |
|
Definition
Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision)
sedation, weight gain, sexual dysfunction and hypotension
Overdose lethal, disturbances electrical rhythm of heart, hypotension, convulsions and coma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nausea, headache, nervousness, insomnia, sexual dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of MAO inhibitors |
|
Definition
Interact dangerously with drugs and tyramine-containing foods
Combination with tricyclic antidepressant, SSRI or meperidine or dextromethorphan cause delirium, high fever, convulsions, coma, death |
|
|
