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Definition
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| Lipoteichoic acid, gram____bacteria |
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| fixed macrophages are found? (5) |
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Definition
| liver, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow |
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Term
| macrophages are important for innate or adaptive immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| phagolysosomes are apart of which cell's defense system |
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Definition
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| oxygen dependent macrophage & pmns system? |
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Definition
| superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide |
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Term
| oxygen independent macrophage & pmns system |
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Definition
| antibacterial: lysozyme & defensins; proteolytic: elastase & cathepsins |
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Definition
| breakdown of long chain polypeptides |
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Term
| IFN γ (gamma) is produced by____and activates____ to kill pathogens |
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Definition
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| ____is the proteins that allows cells to communicate |
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Definition
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| ___&___are responses of cells to cytokines |
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Definition
| proliferate & differentiate |
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Term
| ___is cytokine release that acts on itself |
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Definition
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| ___is cytokine release that acts on another cell |
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Definition
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| IFN α & β are anti-_____(viral or bacterial) |
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Definition
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| IFN α & β make other cells___to____infections |
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Definition
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| IFN α & β activate____cells, induce____, ↑ ___expression |
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Definition
| activate NK cells, induce resistance to viral replication, increase MHC class I expression |
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| ___'s function is 1) direct killing via MAC 2) ↑ inflammatory response via opsonizing 3) ↑ phagocyte chemotaxis |
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Definition
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| complement system is innate or adaptive? |
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Definition
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Definition
| antigen-antibody complexes |
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| alternative pathway is___ |
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Definition
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| lectin activation pathway is _____ |
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Definition
| mannose binding lectin binds mannose on pathogen surface |
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Term
| ___inserts into the membrane and forms holes in the pathogen |
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Definition
| membrane attack complex (MAC) |
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Term
| ___make bacteria easier for macrophages to bind for phagocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| complement protein that opsonizes bacteria |
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Definition
| acts as chemotactic substance |
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Term
| ___causes neutrophil migration toward site of inflammation along the concentration gradient |
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Definition
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Term
| ___neutrophil stops rolling and sticks to endothelium |
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Definition
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Term
| ___neutrophil squeezes out of blood vessel between endothelial cells |
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Definition
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Term
| ___are antigens that induce a specific adaptive immune response in host |
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Definition
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Term
| what makes a good antigen (4 physical factors) |
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Definition
| large, complex, insoluble, foreign (non-self like) |
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Term
| the antigenic determinant, or poriton of the anitgen that is recognized by the antibody, it is formed by 1o-4o structure (one protein can have many ) |
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Definition
| epitope (linear or conformational/discontinuous) |
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Term
| carriers induce or enhance immune response? |
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Definition
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| adjuvants induce or enhance immune response? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___is an antigen that can be bound and recognized by immune system but cannot elicit a response b/c too small (low MW) |
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Definition
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Term
| e.g. serum albumin is a ___ & penicillin is a ___ (hapten carrier complex) |
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Definition
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| ___can render antigen insoluble, prolong persistence of entry, activate inflammatory cells (a source of pamp) |
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Definition
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| ___induce polyclonal activatio of B or T lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| the N or C terminal is the L & H variable domains? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___link the chains of Ig /Ab to each other |
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Definition
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| __regions determine the class of Ig |
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Definition
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| ___regions of the H chains determine the biological function |
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Definition
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| the two immunoglobulin types on light chain constant regions are? |
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Definition
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| a higher affintiy antibody is more protective than a low affinity antibody b/c it will bind antigens at a ____ concentration |
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Definition
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| antibodies bind antigens through___interactions |
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Definition
| non-covalent interactions |
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Term
| ___ attraction between opposite charges |
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Definition
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Term
| ___hydrogen ion shared between different groups create partial opposite charges |
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Definition
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Term
| ___fluctuations in electorn clouds around molecules oppositely polarize neighboring atoms |
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Definition
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Definition
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| ___are the number of anitgen binding sites |
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Definition
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| ___is the strenght of binding based on valence |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the valences for Ig: A,D,E,G,M? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ig__occurs in serum as monomer; in secretions as a dimer? |
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Definition
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| Ig__occur primarily as surface Ig co-expressed with IgM? |
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Definition
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| which Ig inhibit attachment of toxins/microbes |
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Definition
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| which Ig enhance phagocytosis (opsosins) |
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Definition
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| which Ig mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity |
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Definition
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| which Ig activate complement cascade |
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Definition
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| which Ig de-granulate mast cells |
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Definition
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