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| A change in behavior or belief as a result of real or imagined group pressure. |
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| A type of conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing. |
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| Acting in accord with a direct order or command. |
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| Conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure. |
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Self (auto) motion (kinetic).
The apparent movement of a stationary point of light in the dark. |
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| A "we feeling"; the extent to which members of a group are bound together, such as by attraction for one another. |
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| Conformity based on a person's desire to fulfill others' expectations, often to gain acceptance. |
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| Conformity occurring when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people. |
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| Two or more people who, for longer than a few moments, interact with and influence one another and perceive one another as "us" |
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| Co-participants working individually on a noncompetitive activity |
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| (1) Original meaning: the tendency of people to perform simple or well-learned tasks better when others are present. (2) Current Meaning: the strengthening of dominant (prevalent, likely) responses in the presence of others. |
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| concern for how others are evaluating us. |
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| The tendency for people to exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable. |
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| People who benefit from the group but give little in return. |
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| loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension; occurs in group situations that foster responsiveness to group norms, good or bad. |
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| Group-produced enhancement of members' preexisting tendencies; a strengthening of the members' average tendency, not a split within the group. |
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| evaluating one's opinions and abilities by comparing oneself with others. |
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| a false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling, or how they are responding. |
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| "the mode of thinking that persons engage in when concurrence-seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesive in-group that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action" -Irving Janis (1971) |
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| The process by which certain group members motivate and guide the group. |
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| Leadership that organizes work, sets standards, and focuses on goals. |
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| Leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support. |
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| TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP |
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| Leadership that, enabled by leader's vision and inspiration, exerts significant influence. |
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| A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members |
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| A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people. Stereotypes are sometimes overgeneralized, inaccurate and resistant to new information. |
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| Unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members |
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| (1) an individual's prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior towards people of a given race, or (2) institutional practices (even if not motivated by prejudice) that subordinate people of a given race. |
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(1) an individual's prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior towards people of a given sex, or (2) institutional practices (even if not motivated by prejudice) that subordinate people of a given sex.
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| SOCIAL DOMINANCE ORIENTATION |
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| A motivation to have one's group dominate other social groups. |
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| Believing in the superiority of ones own ethnic and cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain towards all other groups. |
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| AUTHORITARIAN PERSONALITY |
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| A personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status |
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| REALISTIC GROUP CONFLICT THEORY |
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| The theory that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources. |
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| the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "who i am?" that comes from our group memberships. |
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| "us" - a group of people who share a sense of belonging, a feeling of common identity. |
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| "them"- a group that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their ingroup |
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| Tendency to favor one's own group |
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| According to 'terror management theory,' people's self-protective emotional and cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices) when confronted with reminders of their morality. |
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| OUTHROUP HOMOGENEITY EFFECT |
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| Perception of outgrip members as more similar to one another than are in-group members. Thus "they are alike, we are diverse." |
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| tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race. |
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| A persons expectation of being victimized by prejudice or discrimination |
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| Explaining away outgrip members' positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions (while excusing such behavior by one's own group.) |
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| The tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. |
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| Accommodating individuals who deviate from one's own stereotype by thinking of them as "exceptions to the rule" |
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| accommodating individuals who deviate form one's own stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the group. |
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| a disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. Unlike self-fulfilling prophecies that hammer one's reputation into one's self concept, stereotype threat situations have immediate effects. |
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