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A misleading or unsound arguement.
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A dangerous and irreversible course
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| An earnest request for aid, support, sympathy, or mercy. |
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| Argreement in direction, tendency, or character; the state or condition of being parallel-(extending in the same direction). |
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| Having or showing prejudice-an unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand or without knowledge, thought, or reason. |
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| An argument that is based or involves facts. |
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| Attempts to affect the listener's personal feeling. |
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| A conclusion formed without evidence, often the product of an emotional reaction. In other words, jumping to conclusions. |
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| Post hoc, Ergo Proctor Hoc |
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| The logical fallacy of believing that temporal succession implies a casual relation. |
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| To demand, ask for, or take as one's own or one's due. |
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| An argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point. |
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| An elaborate comparison of two things that are too dissimilar. |
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| Writer tries to persuade the audience by appealing to their emotions. The aspects of a literary work that elicit sorrow or pity from the audience. |
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| Conclusion or the type of reasoning whereby observation or information about a part of a class is applied to a class of a whole. |
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| The process of moving from a general rule to a specific example. The reasoning process by which a conclusion is drawn from set of premises and contains no more fads than these premises. |
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| Is evidence relating to or based on experience or observation. This type of evidence is necessary for a theory to be confirmed. |
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Anecdote- A short, simple narrative of an incident; often used for humorous effect or to make a point.
Non-scientific observations or studies, which do not provide proof but may assist research efforts |
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| Latin for "against the man." When a writer personally attacks his or her opponents instead of their arguments |
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| A particular form or stage of civilization, as that of a certain nation or period. |
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| A flaw in reasoning and they can be tricks in illusion or thought. Logical fallacies are mainly used by politicians to persuade people. |
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| Capable of being believed; believable. |
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| Situated on or at the face of the earth. |
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| Refutation (Counterargument) |
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| Occurs when a writer musters relevant opposing arguments. |
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| To induce to believe by appealing to reason or understanding; convince. |
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| (Logic) Represents the part of the argument based on reason, sold facts, and sound information. Logos is also the foundation of a good argument. |
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| Trying to establish that something is true because everyone believes it is true. |
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| The art or study of using language effectively and persuasively. |
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| Information or rumor deliberately spread to help or harm a person, group, or institution. |
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| The act of offering or suggesting something for acceptance, adoption, or performance. |
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A claim that presents an artificially limited range of choices.Authors that use an either/or fallacy try to force their audience to accept a conclusion by presenting only two possible options, one of which is clearly more desirable.
Example: When a person says that there are only two choices possible, when there are actually three or more are present. |
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| Contrast within parallel phrases (not to be confused with the ordinary use of the word to mean “extreme opposite”): “Many are called, but few are chosen.” The term can also refer to literary characters who, though not necessarily antagonists, represent opposite personal characteristics or moral views. |
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Form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis and intensity.
Example: "No man ever followed his genius until it mislead him." -Thoreau |
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| An act of rebutting(To provide some evidence or argument that refutes or opposes)as in a debate. |
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| An equivocal (allowing the possibility of several different meanings,as a word or phrase, especially with intent to deceive or misguide) or ambiguous (vague) expressions, especially in order to mislead or hedge. |
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| Greek word meaning character, where the author uses tone, word choices, and vocabulary to convince the audience of the author's credibility and trustworthiness. |
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| The means of communication, as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines, that reach or influence people widely. |
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A more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. Euphemisms are also used to obscure the reality of a situation.
Example: "He went to his final reward" is a euphemism for "he passed away" |
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| A situation or statement characterized by significant difference between what is expected or understood and what actually happens or is meant. Irony can be humorous, but can also be sarcastic when using words to imply the opposite of what they normally mean. |
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| A statement that seems contradictory, but is actually true. |
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Repetition of one or more words at the head of consecutive phrases, clauses, or sentences.
Example: "I came, I saw, I conquered." |
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