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| a person's characteristic patterns of behaving, thinking, and feeling |
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| Freud's term for his theory of personality and his therapy for treating psychological disorders |
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| the thought, feelings, sensations, or memories of which a person is aware at any given moment |
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| the experiences, perceptions, feelings, and memories that a person is not consciously aware of at the moment but that may be easily brought to consciousness |
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| for Freud, the primary motivating force of human behavior, containing repressed memories as well as instincts, wishes, and desires that have never been conscious |
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| the unconscious system of the personality, which contains the life and death instincts and operates on the pleasure principle; source of libido |
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| in Freud's theory, the logical, rational, largely conscious system of personality, which operates according to the reality principle |
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| the moral system of the personality, which consists of the conscience and the ego ideal |
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| a means used by the ego to defend against anxiety and to maintain self-esteem |
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| a defense mechanism in which one involuntarily removes painful or threatening memories, thoughts or perceptions from consciousness or prevents unconscious sexual and aggressive impulses from breaking into consciousness |
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| a series of stages through which the sexual instinct develops; each stage is defined by an erogenous zone around which conflict arises |
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| arrested development at a psychosexual stage occurring because of excessive gratification or frustration at that stage |
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| occurring in the phallic stage, a conflict in which the child is sexually attracted to the opposite-sex parent and feels hostility toward the same-sex parent |
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| in Jung's theory, the layer of the unconscious that contains all the thoughts, perceptions, and experiences accessible to the consciousness, as well as repressed memories, wishes, and impulses |
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| in Jung's theory, the most inaccessible layer of the unconscious, which contains the universal experiences of humankind throughout evolution |
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| existing in the collective unconscious, inherited tendencies to respond to universal human situations in particular ways |
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| developing to one's fullest potential |
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| conditions on which the positive regard of others rests |
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| unconditioned positive regard |
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| unqualified caring and nonjudgmental acceptance of another |
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| personal qualities or characteristics, which are stable across situations, that are used to describe or explain personality |
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| a trait theory that attempts to explain personality using five broad dimensions, each of which is composed of a constellation of personality traits |
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| individualism/ collectivism dimension |
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| a measure of a culture's emphasis on either individual achievement or social relationships |
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| the view that personality can be defined as a collection of learned behaviors acquired through social interactions |
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| Bandura's concept of a mutually influential relationship among behavior, cognitive factors, and environment |
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| the perception a person has of his or her ability to perform competently whatever is attempted |
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| Rotter's concept of a cognitive factor that explains how people account for what happens in their lives- either seeing themselves as primarily in control of their behavior and its consequences (internal locus of control) or perceiving what happens to them to be in the hands of fate, luck, or chance (external locus of control) |
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| a paper-and-pencil test with questions about a person's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, which measures several dimensions of personality and can be scored according to a standard procedure |
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| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
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| the most extensively researched and widely used personality test, which is used to screen for and diagnose psychiatric problems and disorders; revised as MMPI-2 |
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| California Personality Inventory (CPI) |
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| a highly regarded personality test developed especially for typical individuals aged 13 and older |
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| Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) |
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| a personality inventory useful for measuring normal individual differences; based on Jung's theory of personality |
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| a personality test in which people respond to inkblots or drawings of ambiguous human situations by projecting their inner thoughts, feelings, fears, or conflicts onto the test materials |
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| a projective test composed of ten inkblots that the test taker is asked to describe; used to assess personality, make differential diagnoses, plan and evaluate treatment, and predict behavior |
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| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
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Definition
| a projective test consisting of drawings of ambiguous human situations, which the test taker describes; thought to reveal inner feelings, conflicts, and motives, which are projected onto the test materials |
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