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Definition
| A unit measuring the energy value of foods. |
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| A unit of energy equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius at one atmospheric pressure. |
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| A protein that catalyzes a biochemical reaction or change. |
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Definition
| An organic compound found in muscle tissue and capable of providing rapid energy for muscular contractions. |
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| An enzyme present in muscle and other tissues that catalyzes the reversible conversion of ADP and phosphocreatine into ATP and creatine. |
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Definition
| An intracellular organelle responsible for generating most of the ATP required for cellular operations. |
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| An energy substrate produced during the metabolic breakdown of glucose. |
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Definition
| An energy substrate deemed as the end-product in glycolysis. |
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Definition
| The buffered form of lactic acid which can serve as an additional energy source. |
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Definition
| Consists of a glycerol and three fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored in the body. |
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Definition
| A blood protein produced in the liver that helps to regulate water distribution in the body. |
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Definition
| Compunds of protein that carry fats and fat-like substances such as cholesterol in the blood. |
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Definition
| Basic organic molecules consisting of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen that combine to form proteins. |
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Definition
| The component to fatigue generally described as reduction in the neural drive or nerve-based motor command to working muscles which results in a decline in the force output. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the absence of freely available oxygen, the process of energy production in the body is known as______. |
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Definition
| The metabolic process called________breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and releases energy for the body in the form of ATP. |
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Definition
| ________is the process of generating glucose from other organic molecules like pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and amino acids to fuel exercise and physiological energy demands. |
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Definition
| The difference between oxygen uptake of the body at the onset of exercise and when it reaches a steady-state is know as ________. |
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Term
| Recovery oxygen consumption |
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Definition
| _________ is the term used to describe the amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue during recovery from vigorous exercise. |
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Definition
| Lipase is an enzyme capable of breaking down a lipid in a process known as ________. |
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Definition
| When a fatty acid is not attached to other molecules it is known as a ________. |
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Definition
| _________ is the process by which fats are broken down in the mitochondria to generate Acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the Citric Acid Cycle. |
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Definition
| A series of oxidation-reduction reactions called the _________ take place during the aerobic production of ATP. |
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Definition
Identify the number of calories per gram as established by the Atwater general factors for the following.
Proteins ___
Fats ___
Carbohydrates ___
Alcohol ___
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Definition
| The body uses its stored ATP during a single, maximal effort exercise in about 1-3 seconds and requires at least _____ seconds to fully replenish its stores. |
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Term
creatine phosphate (CP)
creatine kinase (CK)
2-5 |
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Definition
| _______ is used as a secondary immediate fuel source, which releases energy when split by the enzyme _______ and can fuel reactions lasting 10-15 seconds but takes between _____minutes to restore. |
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Definition
| What is the predominant energy pathway for maximal biological work lasting up to 3 minutes? |
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Term
1. the number of mitochondria
2. the concentration of enzymes inside them
3. the amount of oxygen rich blood which can be delivered to the cell. |
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Definition
| What are the three largest determinants of efficincy during aerobic exercise? |
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Definition
| Amino acids can be turned into what two things before entering the Krebs cycle? |
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Definition
| T/F? Glycogen uptake is promoted immediately following exercise. |
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Definition
What type of acid is associated with a burning sensation in active tissue during high intensity exercise?
A. Fatty acids
B. Citric acid
C. Lactic acid
D. Amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
High intensity anaerobic exercise may be limited by contractility inhibition due to the presence of which of the following?
A. Hydrogon icons
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. All of the above |
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Term
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Definition
Improved glucose-sparing associated with endurance training enhances the ability of the muscle to use which of the following fuel sources?
A. Proteins
B. Lipids
C. Amino acids
D. Carbohydrates
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Term
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Definition
Even with sufficient levels of oxygen and lipids to meet the intensity demads of work, significant fatigue will ensue when _____ becomes depleted.
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Amino acids
D. Creatine |
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Definition
What is the primary energy source used to fuel a 3RM squat performance?
A. Stored ATP
B. Creatine Phosphate
C. Glycogen
D. Lactate |
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Definition
For optimal performance, what is the minimal rest interval between tests for vertical jump based on proper ATP replenishment?
A. 30 seconds
B. 90 seconds
C. 120 seconds
D. 3 minutes |
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