Term
| general causes of anaemia |
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Definition
| decreased production, increased destruction, increased loss |
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Term
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Definition
| pallor, fatigue, dypnoea on exertion. faintness, angina, palpiations, claudication |
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Term
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Definition
| pallor, tachycardia, murmur, cardiac failure |
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Term
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Definition
| History - classical symptoms. diet, family history, drug use, obstetric and gynae history, GIT history, infection, malignancy. Examination - pallor, BP and pulse, jaundice, purpura, glossitis, stomatitis, flow murmurs, splenomegaly |
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Term
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Definition
| Hb and Hct RDW. rectiulocyte count (raised blood loss and haemolytic), MCV, WBC, platelets (raised in bleeding). the blood film |
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Term
| bone marrow investigation |
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Definition
| aspirate - cell morphology. Trephine - architecture of marrow, cellularity, infiltrates |
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Term
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Definition
| typically microcytic hypochromic. causes - blood lossses, decreased intake, increased deman. Clinical features - koilynychias, atrophy of pappillae, brittle hair |
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Term
| blood results of iron defecient anaemia |
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Definition
| low serum iron, low ferritin, increased transferrin. microcytic, hypochromic cells with anisocytois (increased RDW) and poikilocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| anaemia, splenomegaly, extramedullary haemopoisis, chip munk face, mediteranian or african origon, haemosiderosis |
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Term
| anaemia of chronic disease |
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Definition
| chronic inflammatory conditions - DM, RA, SLE, TB, Malignancy. Release of inflammmatory mediators causes a decrease in the absorption of iron and decreased export from iron stores |
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Term
| blood results of anaemia of chonic disease |
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Definition
| low serum iron and transferrin, raised ferritin levels. measure CRP |
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Term
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Definition
| packed red blood cells. platelets. fresh frozen plasma |
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Term
| compatability testing for transfusion |
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Definition
| blood group ABO Rh, antibodies screen, direct cross match |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of hypoxia. Hb <70g/L or Hb < 100g/L if showing signs of hypoxia |
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Term
| Types of transmusion reactions |
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Definition
| common - febrile, allergic, haemolytic, circulatory overload, hypothermia. Rare - TRALI, infection, hypotensive reactions, GVHD |
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Term
| haemolytic tranfusion reactions |
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Definition
| Intravascular - immediate, anti-A anti B. features - restless, vomiting, diarrhoea, chills, chest pain, circulatory collapse, haemoglobinaemis, haemoglobinuria |
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Term
| key regulation of RBC production |
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Definition
| key trigger for RBC production in hypoxia. hypoxia in kidney tubules increases production of erythropoietan that causes an increase in proliferation of erythroid precursor cells |
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Term
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Definition
| transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, acid base buffer |
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Term
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Definition
| biconcave disc, deformable, carry upto 34g/dl of Hb, average level is 14g/dl, cell live is 120 days, size 8 microns |
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Term
| different sites of haematopoesis |
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Definition
| embryo - in the yolk sac. In Utero - firstly in liver and spleen, seeding of marrow occurs at 8 weeks at 8 months marrow is major sigh. by six months post gestation the marrow is exclusive sight. Infancy - all bones are haemopoetic active. Adult - axial skeleton |
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Term
| absorption and transport of iron |
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Definition
| absorbed by the enterocyte via pinocytosis (heme) or DMT1 and stored in labile pool. absorption into the blood stream occurrs via IREG-1 with help of haemphastin or ceruloplamin and binds to transferrin receptors to be transported to cells that uptake via expression of transferrin receptors |
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Term
| regulation of iron stores |
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Definition
| regulated on the absorption side. 1. TF saturation then has no way of uptaking iron from enterocyte. HFE - binds to transferrin decreasing it abilty to bind and release iron. Hepcidin - produced by liver and causes the internalisiation of IREG-1 on the enterocyte |
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Term
| patients explanatary model of health |
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Definition
| the patients understanding of the cause, severity, prognosis, expected treatment and the effect it will have on there life |
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Term
| influence of explanatory model |
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Definition
| cultural, SES, psychological, education, family, social, life experiences |
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Term
| explore the explanatory model |
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Definition
| what do you think caused this, how does this effect your life, what worries you the most, what sort of treatment would you prefer |
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