Term
| Responds to temperature and temperature changes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Responds to physcial deformation. Includes touch receptors, proprioceptors, auditory receptors, and vestibular receptors. |
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Definition
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Term
| Smell, taste, pH, metabolite concentration, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| Visual receptors of the retina. |
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Definition
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Term
| Classified based on the type of stimulus to which the particular receptor is most sensitive (adequate stimulus) |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of receptor will respond best to pressure, vibration, movement, stretch, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| Perceived as specific modalities (pain, pressure, cold, light touch, etc) due to the way receptors interpret sensory stimuli. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most receptors respond to one specific stimuli and when that receptor is activated, that particular modality is __ |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a photoreceptor respond best to? As in what is its adequate stimulus? |
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Definition
| Light or to pressure with flash of light |
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Term
| When multiple receptors are stimulated what happens? |
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Definition
| More complex sensations (such as tickle or textures) are perceived |
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Term
| Where a receptor converts stimulus into an electrical signal |
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Definition
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Term
| A receptor potential which CNS can interpret. This process is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Perception of ____ of a stimulus due to size and duration of electrical (receptor) potential produced. |
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Definition
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Term
| Changing physical stimulation into electrical energy |
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Definition
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Term
| Will sensory receptors continue to respond in the same way to sustained stimulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| All sensory receptors possess the property of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The receptor potential decreases in amplitude in response to a sustained stimulus or fewer and fewer APs are produced |
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Definition
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Term
| Can either be rapidly or slowly adapting. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of a rapidly adapting receptor |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of a slowly adapting receptor |
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Definition
| Holding pressure on your arm in a static position for a time |
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Term
| Responds transiently only at the onset of the stimulus an at the end of a step change in stimulus. Can only indicate change and movement to stimuli. |
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Definition
| Rapidly Adapting Receptor |
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Term
| The duration of a maintained stimulus is therefore defined by the onset and termination of the stimulus, each of which causes discharde in a what? |
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Definition
| Rapidly Adapting Receptor |
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Term
| These receptors respond continually, although with decreasing amplitude, to a sustained stimulus. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell bodies are in the dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglion. The central processes terminate in the spinal cord or brain stem. The peripheral processes terminate in the receptors of the skin, muscle/tendon, or joint. |
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Definition
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Term
| In somatosensory receptors, where do central processes terminate? |
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Definition
| In the spinal cord or brain stem |
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Term
| In somatosensory receptors, where do peripheral processes terminate? |
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Definition
| In the skin, muscle/tendon, or joint |
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Term
| Are there separate receptors for warmth and cold? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two separate senses, warmth and cold, which are detected by two separate receptors, cold and warmth receptors. |
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Definition
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Term
| Do thermoreceptors have free nerve endings? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the range of temperatures in which cutaneous cold thermoreceptors are activated. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the range of temperatures in which cutaneous warmth thermoreceptors are activated. |
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Definition
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Term
| Below 15 and above 45 degrees C you do not feel warmth or cold receptors but what is actually stimulated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pain receptors are also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| Do nociceptors have free nerve endings? |
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Definition
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Term
| Responds selectively to stimuli that can damage tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 different types of Nociceptors |
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Definition
Mechanical
Thermal
Chemical
Polymodal |
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Term
| Activated only by strong mechanical stimulation, most effectively by sharp objects that deform the skin such as a knife. |
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Definition
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Term
| Responds selectively to heat or cold below 15 or above 45 |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical substances act on this type of nociceptor by either directly stimulating it or making it more sensitive to further stimulation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 substances that can affect chemical nociceptos |
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Definition
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Term
| Responds to several different kinds of noxious stimuli - mechanical, heat, and chemical. |
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Definition
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Term
| Certain chemical receptors heighten pain receptors. Give an example of when this may happen. |
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Definition
| Burn your finger, then it will hurt worse to shake a person's hand because your sensitivity is heightened |
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Term
| This medication acts to decrease pain sensitivity by inhibiting chemical receptors. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 types of touch receptors |
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Definition
Hair follicle receptor
Meissner's corpuscle
Merkel's receptor
Pacinian corpuscle
Ruffini corpuscles |
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Term
| Nerve endings of small myelinated axons wrapped around hair follicles. These receptors are activated by movement of the hair follicle which moves when the hair shaft is displaced. Movement of a single hair usually can be perceived. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean that hair follicle receptors are rapidly adapting? |
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Definition
| You can feel the initial bending but then lose perception, even if hair remains bent. |
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Term
| Encapsulated nerve endings, respond to pressure, small receptive field (2-4mm), most numerous over fingertips. Responsible for ability to perform fine tactile discrimination. Rapidly Adapting. |
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Definition
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Term
| Disk-shaped expansion of the terminal of a sensory fiber inserted into the base of a specialized cell called a Merkel cell. Detect skin indentation, speed and rate of change in indentation as well as duration of indentation, small receptive field, very sensitive. Slowly adapting. |
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Definition
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Term
| Detects high frequency vibration (60-400 Hz), encapsulated receptor, large receptive field, found all over the body, very sensitive - poor receptors for pressure but good for vibration due to rapid adaptation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Detects skin displacement (pressure), large receptive field - slowly adapting - encapsulated. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the 5 touch receptors are more superficial? |
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Definition
Hair Follicle Receptors
Meissner's Corpuscles
Merkel's Corpuscles |
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Term
| Which of the 5 touch receptors are more deep? |
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Definition
Pacinian Corpuscles
Ruffini Corpuscles |
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Term
| Size of receptive field and density of receptor distribution delimits capacity to resolve what detail of object? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability to discriminate spacial differences can be evaluated by testing what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability to recognize that 2 separate stimuli have been applied as distance between 2 stimuli varies |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 point discrimination varies greatly with location on body surface. In mm tell what the measurements are for fingertip, palm, and back. |
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Definition
Fingertip - 2 mm
Palm - 10 mm
Back - 40 mm |
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Term
| The sense of position and movement of the limbs |
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Definition
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Term
| Sense of stationary position of the limbs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 2 submodalities of limb proprioception |
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Definition
Limb position sense
Kinesthesia |
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Term
| With local anesthesia or an epidural you may not feel a part of your body in space. Can you walk if you cannot feel your legs even if the muscles are intact? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 main types of proprioceptors |
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Definition
1.Mechanoreceptors located in joint capsules
2. Muscle spindle receptors and GTOs
3. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors |
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Term
| So called joint receptors, include Pacinian corpuscles, free nerve endings, GTOs in ligaments and Ruffini-like corpuscles |
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Definition
| Mechanoreceptors located in joint capsules |
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Term
| Combination of all 3 main types of proprioceptors leads to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___information detected by peripheral receptors is carried to the CNS along peripheral nerves. |
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Definition
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Term
| Peripheral nerves are covered with 3 layers of connective tissue. List them in order from superficial to deep. |
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Definition
Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium |
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Term
| The 3 layers of connective tissue surrounding peripheral nerves are continuations of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Critical in guiding regrowing axons to their target organs following peripheral nerve injury |
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Definition
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Term
| Consists of bundles of axons of varying diameters |
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Definition
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Term
| The classification system for axons being classified according to diameter. |
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Definition
| A, B, C classification system |
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Term
| Which conducts faster, large diameter axons or small diameter axons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sensory axons are also commonly classified based upon their origin, function, and conduction velocity. What is this classification system called? |
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Definition
| I, II, III, IV, classification system |
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