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| A document whose purchase was said to grant the bearer the forgiveness of sins. |
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| A European economic policy of the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries that held that there was a limited amount of wealth available, and that each country must adopt policies to obtain as much wealth as possible for itself; key to the attainment of wealth was the acquisition of colonies |
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| A European intellectual movement in the seventeenth century that established the basis for modern science |
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| A government with a king or queen whose power is limited by power of a parliament |
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| A passage through the North America Continent that was sought early by explorers to North America as a route to trade with the east |
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| A philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that was based on the reason and the concept that education and training could improve human society |
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| A political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies |
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| A practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of native Americans on the land to the European colonists |
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| A practice of the Ottoman Empire to take Christian boys from their boys from their home communities to serves as European colonies |
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| A religious movement began by Martin Luther in 1517 that attempted to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; it resulted in the formation of new Christian denominations |
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| A small, easy steerable ship used by the Spanish and Portuguese in their explorations |
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| A sovereign state whose people share a common culture and national identity |
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| A term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European parents |
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| Work by Martin Luther where he laid out his arguments against the Roman Catholic church |
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| Western learning embraced by some Japanese in the 18th century |
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| The traditional legislative body of France |
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| The religious reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church that occurred in response to the Protestant reformation. It reaffirmed catholic beliefs and promoted education. |
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| The recapture of Muslim-held lands in Spain by Christian forces; it was completed in 1492 |
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| The practice of the Roman Catholic and other Christian churches of prohibiting participation in sacraments to those who do not comply with church teachings or practices |
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| The portion of the trans Atlantic trade that involved the passage of Africans from Africa to the Americas |
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| The Hindu custom of secluding women |
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| The feudal rulers of Japan who moved the capital to edo. They ruled from 1603 to 1868 |
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| The expansion of trade and commerce in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries |
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| The exchange of foods, crops, livestock, and disease between Eastern and Western hemispheres after the voyages of Columbus |
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| The 18th century trade network between Europe, Africa, and the Americas |
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| The concept that the sun is the center of the solar system |
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| The concept of God common to the scientific revolution; the God was believed to have set the world in motion and then allowed it to operate by natural laws |
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| The church in Constantinople that was converted to a mosque after the ottoman conquest |
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| The bloodless overthrow English King James l and the placement of William and Mary on the English throne |
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| The belief of Protestant reformer John Calvin that God had chosen some people for heaven and others for hell |
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| The belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern is granted by God |
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| The 1494 treaty in which the pope divided unexplored territories between Spain and Portugal |
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| Russians who conquered and settled Siberia in the 16th and17th centuries |
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| Rulers who controlled most of India in the 16th and 17th centuries |
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| Ruled by a king or queen whose power is not limited by a constitution |
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| Principles that govern nature |
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| Peoples from North Eastern Asia who founded China's Qing dynasty |
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| Members of the society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary and educational order founded by Ignacio's of Loyola in 1534 |
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| Members of the ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken from christian lands. |
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| Manchurian rule of China beginning in 1644 and lasting until 1914 |
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| In the Spanish colonies, those who were born in Europe |
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| In the Spanish colonies, persons of mixed European and native descent |
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| In the Spanish colonies, a replacement for the encomienda system that limited the number of working hours for laborers and provided fair wages |
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| In the Spanish and Portuguese colonies a person of mixed African and European descent |
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| French enlightenment social thinkers |
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| An extension of the Italian Renaissance to the nations of Northern Europe; the northern Renaissance took on a more religious nature than the Italian Renaissance |
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| An economic system based on private ownership and opportunity for profit making |
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| An economic concept that holds that the government should not interfere with or regulate business and industries |
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| An agent with trade privileges in early Russia |
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| A white marble mausoleum built at Agra, India, by the mogul emperor Shah Jahan for his favorite wife |
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| A way of gaining knowledge by means of direct observation or experience |
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