Term
| 4 Design Considerations for Bipedal Gait and Upright Posture |
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Definition
1. Stability and mobility in upright posture
2. Ability to raise & control trunk over hind limbs
3. Ability to balance on one leg
4. Walk with feet underneath body |
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Term
| Lower extremities larger & heavier than upper extremities is for lower body...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Weight is distributed proximally within the extremities is for lower body...? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gives you the ability to raise & control the trunk over the hindlimbs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gives you the ability to balance on one leg? |
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Definition
Well-developed Hip Abductors
-gluteus medius
-gluteus minimus |
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Term
| If lateral lean and pelvic drop occur during walking, it's called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gives us the ability to walk with feet underneath our body |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal Angle of Femur |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Angle of Femur do to allow us to walk with feet under body |
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Definition
| Moves center of mass more directly over base of support |
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Term
| How many articulations are there in the Pelvis and Hip Complex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the articulations of the pelvis and hip complex? |
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Definition
1 Pubic Symphysis
2 Sacroiliac
2 Femoroacetabular |
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Term
| Why is the hip joint (femoroacetabular) stable? |
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Definition
1. bony architecture
2. strong ligaments
3. large supportive muscles |
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Term
| What are the Hip joint functions in weight bearing & locomotion? |
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Definition
-Enhanced significantly by its wide ROM
-Ability to run, cross-over cut, side-step cut, jump, & other direction changes |
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Term
| What type of joint is the hip joint? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Head of femur connecting with acetabulum
(pelvic girdle & femur) |
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Term
| what are the bones of the pelvic girdle |
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Definition
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Term
| Similarities between hip and shoulder |
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Definition
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Term
| Differences between hip and shoulder |
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Definition
Weight Bearing
Acetabulum much deeper
bony support
L & R shoulder girdles move independently |
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Term
| Name the parts of the pelvic girdle |
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Definition
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Term
| Extension of the spinal column with 5 fused vertebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| Extending inferiorly from the sacrum is the...? |
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Definition
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Term
| upper 2/5 area of the coxa |
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior & lower 2/5 area of the coxa |
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Definition
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Term
| anterior & lower 1/5 of the coxa |
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Definition
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Term
| Origin for the hip flexors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Sartorius originates where |
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Definition
| anterior superior iliac spine |
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Term
| Rectus femoris originates where? |
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Definition
| Anterior inferior iliac spine |
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Term
| Extensors of the hip originate where? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the gluteus maximus originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the hamstrings originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Abductors originate where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the gluteus medius and minimus originate |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the origin for hip adductors |
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Definition
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Term
| What originates at the inferior pubic ramus |
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Definition
adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
pectineus
gracilis |
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Term
| differences in the pelvis between the sexes |
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Definition
| females are lighter, thinner and wider with lateral flare (broader pelvic activity) |
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Term
| what is the insertion for short muscles of the hip & hip adductors? |
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Definition
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Term
| what inserts at the greater trochanter |
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Definition
gluteal muscles
most of the deep 6 |
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Term
| what inserts at the lesser trochanter |
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Definition
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Term
| what inserts at the linear aspera |
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Definition
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Term
| insertion for remainder of hip muscles? |
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Definition
| patella & proximal tibia & fibula |
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Term
| What inserts at the anteromedial tibial surface just below medial condyle |
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Definition
sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus |
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Term
| what inserts anteromedially onmedial tibial condyle |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes ups the Pes Anserine? |
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Definition
Sartorius
Gracilis
semiTendinosus
(SGT) |
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Term
| Where does the biceps femoris insert? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the iliotibial tract of the TFL insert? |
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Definition
| Gerdy's tubercle of tibia |
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Term
-Holds the femur away from the pelvis in the frontal plane
-designed to resist loads
-formed by trabecular bone and reinforced with cortical bone |
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Definition
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Term
| Angle of Inclination ranges |
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Definition
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Term
| Angle of inclination loading on the femoral neck |
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Definition
compressive forces
tensile forces
bending moments |
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Term
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Definition
| angle of inclination greater than 125 |
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Term
| coxa valga does what to the limb |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
abductors effectiveness
load on the femoral neck |
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Term
| coxa valga does what to the femoral head? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| angle of inclination less than 125 degrees |
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Term
| coxa vara does what to the limb |
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Definition
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Term
| coxa vara increases what? |
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Definition
| abductors effectiveness and load on femoral neck |
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Term
| Angle of the femoral neck with respect to the femoral condyles in the transverse plane is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| normallythe distal femur is rotated how with respect to the femoral neck |
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Definition
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Term
| Angle of the femoral beyond 14degrees of medial rotation of the distal femur |
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Definition
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Term
| Internally rotated femur may result in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is "toeing out" gait? |
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Definition
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Term
| Common in the elderly due to decreased bone mineral density |
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Definition
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Term
| what can cause a femoral neck fracture |
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Definition
1. unexpected load
2. decreased bone mineral density |
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Term
| Hip abductors counteract what? |
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Definition
| bending moment produced by body weight |
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Term
| hip abductors reduce tension where |
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Definition
| on the superior surface of the femoral neck |
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Term
| what type of joint is the pubic symphysis |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of joint is the Pubic Symphysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What connects the two pubic bones? |
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Definition
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Term
| The pubic symphysis is supported by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the primary ligaments of the hip/pelvis |
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Definition
Anterior (ventral) sacroiliac ligament
Posterior (dorsal) sacroiliac ligament
Interosseous sacroiliac ligament |
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Term
| Accessory ligaments of the pelvis/hip |
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Definition
sacrospinous ligament
sacrotuberous ligament
iliolumbar ligament |
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Term
| Articulation between the femoral head and the acetabulum? |
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Definition
| Femoroacetabular (hip) joints |
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Term
| Femoroacetabular joint is what kind of joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which joint is the second most mobile joint of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Femoroacetabular joint is reinforced by what? |
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Definition
| extremely strong & dense ligamentous capsule |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Reinforces anterior and superior aspects of the hip joint capsule |
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Definition
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Term
| Iliofemoral ligament prevents excessive what? |
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Definition
| extension, internal and external rotation |
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Term
| reinforces inferior aspect of the hip joint capsule |
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Definition
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Term
| pubofemoral ligament prevents excessive what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reinforces posterior aspect of the hip joint capsule and spirals over the superior aspect of the femoral neck |
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Definition
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Term
| Ischiofemoral ligament prevents what? |
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Definition
| adduction and internal rotation |
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Term
| What provides hip joint stability? |
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Definition
1. Bony configuration
2. Strong capsular and reinforcing ligaments |
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Term
| hip joint stability ligaments consist of what kind of fibers? |
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Definition
| longitudinal and circumferential |
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Term
| hip joint ligaments are in what pattern? |
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Definition
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Term
| hip joint capsule functions like a what? |
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Definition
finger trap
-as hip extens, fibers clamp down on bony contents, firmly holding femoral head in the acetabulum |
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Term
| as the hip flexes, the capsule does what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Intra-articular ligament that carries small artery to the femoral head and has little mecahnical support |
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Definition
| ligament of head of femur (teres ligament) |
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Term
| How many pelvic movements are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pelvic girdle rotation results from motion where? |
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Definition
1 or more locations:
-right hip
-left hip
-lumbar spine |
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Term
| what are the pelvic movements? |
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Definition
Anterior tilt
Posteriot tilt
Left lateral tilt
Right lateral tilt
Left Rotation
Right Rotation |
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Term
| Which pelvic movements occur in the sagittal plane? |
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Definition
| anterior and posterior tilt |
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Term
| Which pelvic movements occur in the Frontal plane? |
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Definition
| left and right lateral tilt |
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Term
| anterior movement of upper pelvis, iliac crest tilts forward in sagittal plane |
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Definition
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Term
| posterior movement of upper pelvis, iliac crest tilts backward in sagittal plane |
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Definition
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Term
| left pelvis moves inferiorly relative to right pelvis (either L pelvis rotates down or R pelvis rotates up) |
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Definition
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Term
| Right pelvis moves inferiorly relative to left pelvis (either R pelvis rotates down or L pelvis rotates up) |
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Definition
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Term
| Pelvis rotates to the body's left (R iliac crest moves anteriorly in relation to L iliac crest, which moves posteriorly) |
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Definition
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Term
| Pelvis rotates to the body's right (L iliac crest moves anteriorly in relation to R iliac crest, which moves posteriorly) |
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Definition
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Term
| Movement of the femur straight anteriorly toward the pelvis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Hip flexion
Hip extension
Hip abduction
Hip adduction
Hip external rotation
Hip internal rotation |
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Term
| Movement of the femur straight posteriorly away from the pelvis |
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Definition
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Term
| Movement of the femur laterally away from the midline |
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Definition
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Term
| Movement of the femur medially toward the midline |
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Definition
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Term
| Rotary movement of the femur laterally around its longitudinal axis away from the midline |
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Definition
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Term
| Rotary movement of the femur medially around its longitudinal axis toward the midline |
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Definition
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Term
| What lumbar spine, and R & L hip motions occur with Pelvic anterior tilt? |
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Definition
LS - extension
RH - flexion
LH - flexion |
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Term
| What lumbar spine, and R & L hip motions occur with Pelvic posterior tilt? |
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Definition
LS - flexion
RH - extension
LH - extension |
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Term
| What lumbar spine, and R & L hip motions occur with Pelvic Right lateral tilt? |
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Definition
LS - Left lateral flexion
RH - abduction
LH - adduction |
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Term
| What lumbar spine, and R & L hip motions occur with Pelvic Left lateral tilt? |
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Definition
LS - L lateral flexion
RH - adduction
LH - abduction |
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Term
| What lumbar spine, and R & L hip motions occur with Pelvic Right rotation? |
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Definition
LS - L transverse rotation
RH - internal rotation
LH - external rotation |
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Term
| What lumbar spine, and R & L hip motions occur with Pelvic Left rotation? |
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Definition
LS - R transverse rotation
RH - external rotation |
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Term
| How many biarticulate muscles of the hip and what are they? |
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Definition
7
-Rectus femoris
-Biceps femoris
-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus
-Sartorius
-Gracilis
-Tensor fascia latae |
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Term
| muscles involved in hip & pelvic girdle motions depend largely on what in relation to earth & gravitational forces? |
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Definition
| direction of movement and position of body |
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Term
| Movement at hips & knees is flexion, is primarily eccentric, and the control is at the hip & knee extensors for this phase of the squat |
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Definition
| downward phase of a squat |
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Term
| Anterior hip muscles involved in flexion |
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Definition
iliopsoas
pectineus
rectus femoris
sartorius |
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Term
| posterior hip muscles involved in extension |
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Definition
gluteus maximus
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
external rotators |
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Term
| medial hip muscles involved in adduction |
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Definition
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
gracilis |
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Term
| lateral hip muscles involved in abduction |
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Definition
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae
external rotators |
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Term
| the thigh is divided into 3 compartments by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior compartment of the thigh muscles |
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Definition
rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
sartorius |
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Term
| Posterior compartment of the thigh muscles |
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Definition
biceps femoris
semitendinosis
semimembranosus |
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Term
| Medial compartment of the thigh muscles |
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Definition
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
pectineus
gracilis |
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Term
| Iliacus & psoas major muscles primary function |
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Definition
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Term
| Rectus femoris muscle primary function |
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Definition
| hip flexion and knee extension |
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Term
| sartorius muscle primary function |
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Definition
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Term
| tensor fasciae latae (TFL) muscle primary function |
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Definition
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Term
| Gluteus maximus muscle primary function |
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Definition
| Hip extension and hip external rotation |
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Term
| Gluteus medius muscle primary function |
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Definition
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Term
| Gluteus minimus muscle primary function |
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Definition
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Term
| Along with hip flexion, this muscle is involved in hip external rotation, and pelvic rotation towards contralateral limb when ipsilateral femur is stabilized |
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Definition
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Term
| Along with hip flexion and knee extension, this muscle also involved in hip abduction and anterior pelvic tilt |
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Definition
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Term
| Along with hip flexion, this is also involved in hip abduction and external rotation, knee flexion, and anterior pelvic tilt |
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Definition
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Term
| Along with hip internal rotation, this is also involved in hip flexion and abduction, and anterior pelvic tilt |
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Definition
| Tensor fasciae latae (TFL) |
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Term
| Along with Hip extension and external rotation, this is also involved with Hip abduction in the upper fibers, hip adductionin the lower fibers, and posterior pelvic tilt |
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Definition
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Term
| Along with hip abduction, its also involved in hip internal rotation and flexion for anterior fibers, hip extension and external rotation for posterior fibers and lateral pelvic tilt to ipsilateral side |
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Definition
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Term
| Along with hip abduction, its involved in hip flexion, internal rotation as femur abducts, and lateral pelvic tilt to ipsilateral side |
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Definition
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Term
| Six deep lateral rotator muscles are? |
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Definition
Piriformis
Gamellus superior and inferior
Obturator externus and internus
Quadratus femoris |
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Term
| 6 deep lateral rotator muscles functions as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Semitendinosus primary function |
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Definition
| Hip extension and knee flexion |
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Term
| Along with hip extension and knee flexion, these muscles also involved in hip INTERNAL rotation, knee internal rotation, and posterior pelvic tilt |
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Definition
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus |
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Term
| Semimembranosus primary function |
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Definition
| Hip extension and knee flexion |
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Term
| Biceps Femoris muscle primary function |
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Definition
| Hip extension and knee flexion |
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Term
| Along with hip extension and knee flexion, also involved in Hip and Knee EXTERNAL rotation and posterior pelvic tilt |
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Definition
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Term
| Adductor Brevis Primary and secondary function |
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Definition
Hip adduction (primary)
Hip internal rotation (secondary) |
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Term
| Adductor Longus primary and secondary functions |
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Definition
Hip adduction (primary)
Hip flexion and external rotation (secondary) |
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Term
| Adductor Magnus primary function |
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Definition
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Term
| Along with hip adduction, upper fibers are involved in Hip external rotation, and lower fibers are involved in hip internal rotation and hip extension |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary functions of pectineus muscle |
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Definition
| Hip adduction and flexion |
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Term
| along with hip adduction and flexion, also involved in hip external rotation |
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Definition
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Term
| Along with hip adduction, also involved in hip internal rotation and weak knee flexion |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary function of Gracilis |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscles involved in Hip flexion |
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Definition
PRIMARY:
Psoas
Iliacus
Rectus Femoris
Pectineus
Sartorius
SECONDARY:
TFL |
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Term
| Muscles involved in Hip Extension |
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Definition
Gluteus Maximus
Biceps femoris (long head)
Semitendinosus
Semimembrinosus |
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Term
| Muscles involved in Hip Abduction |
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Definition
PRIMARY:
Gluteus medius
SECONDARY:
TFL
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus Minimus |
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Term
| Muscles involved in Hip Adduction |
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Definition
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis |
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Term
| Muscles involved in Hip internal rotation |
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Definition
PRIMARY:
TFL
SECONDARY:
Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius |
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Term
| Muscles involved in Hip external rotation |
|
Definition
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