Term
| What makes up the anterior pelvic wall? |
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Definition
| Pubic bones, pubic rami, symphysis pubis |
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Term
| What makes up the posterior pelvic wall? |
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Definition
| Sacrum/coccyx, piriformis, pelvic fascia |
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Term
| What makes up the lateral pelvic wall? |
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Definition
| hip bone, obturator membrane, obturator internus and fascia, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments |
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Term
| What makes up the pelvic floor? |
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Definition
| Muscular pelvic diaphragm and fascia, separates pelvic cavity from the perineum |
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Term
| The piriformis exits the pelvis at what point to insert where? |
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Definition
| Great sciatic foramen, greater trochanter of the femur |
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Term
| What innervates the piriformis and what are the nerve roots? |
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Definition
| Nerve to piriformis, S1-2 |
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Term
| What is the action performed by the piriformis muscle? |
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Definition
| Lateral rotation of hip and abduction of the thigh |
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Term
| Where does the obturator internus leave the pelvis and where does it insert? |
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Definition
| Lesser sciatic foramen, greater trochanter of the femur |
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Term
| What innervates the obturator internus and what are its nerve roots? |
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Definition
| Nerve to obturator internus, L5 S1 (S2) |
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Term
| What action is performed by the obturator internus muscle? |
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Definition
| Lateral rotation of the thigh |
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Term
| What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm? |
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Definition
| Levator ani and coccygeus muscles and their fascia |
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Term
| What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm? |
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Definition
| Support of the pelvic viscera |
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Term
| What can occur due to injury to the pelvic diaphragm such as in difficult childbirths? |
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Definition
| Prolapse of internal pelvic organs including uterus, vagina, urinary bladder and/or rectum |
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Term
| What is the origin of the levator ani muscles? |
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Definition
| Posterior aspect of the body of the pubis, tendinous arch, and ischial spine |
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Term
| What forms the tendinous arch in the pelvic wall? |
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Definition
| Thickening of the pelvic fascia covering the obturator internus muscle |
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Term
| The tendinous arch is incomplete anteriorly to allow passage for what? |
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Definition
| Urethra, vagina in females |
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Term
| What muscles form the levator ani muscles? |
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Definition
| Iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis, levator prostate/sphincter vaginae |
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Term
| What innervates the levator ani muscles and what are its nerve roots? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which U-shaped sling muscle that makes up part of the levator ani muscles is responsible for the anorectal flexure and plays a major role in maintaining fecal continence? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is pelvic fascia continuous with superiorly? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the divisions of the pelvic fascia? |
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Definition
| Parietal pelvic fascia and visceral pelvic fascia |
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Term
| What lines the muscles of the wall and floor of the pelvis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What directly ensheaths pelvic organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pelvic ligaments are unique to females? |
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Definition
| Pubocervical, uterosacral, transverse cervical ligament (cardinal ligament) |
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Term
| What pelvic ligament is unique to males? |
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Definition
| Puboprostatic ligament supporting the urinary bladder |
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Term
| What relationship does the uterine artery have with nearby structures that is surgically important during a hysterectomy? |
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Definition
| Passes toward the cervix above the ureter within the upper part of the transverse cervical ligament |
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Term
| The uterine artery anastomoses with what other arteries? |
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Definition
| Vaginal and ovarian arteries |
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Term
| What internal iliac artery branch is absent in females? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the common iliac veins merge to form the inferior vena cava? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymph drains from the pelvis primarily to what nodes? |
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Definition
| External and internal iliac nodes, common iliac nodes |
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Term
| Sacral and coccygeal nerve plexuses are located where? |
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Definition
| On anterior surface of the piriformis |
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Term
| Where does the sacral and coccygeal nerve plexuses leave the pelvis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main nerve supply of the perineum and what are its nerve roots? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lumbar splanchnic nerves carry preganglionic fibers to what plexuses? |
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Definition
| Inferior mesenteric and superior hypogastric plexuses |
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Term
| Sympathetic ganglia connect to sacral spinal nerves by what? |
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Definition
| Gray rami communicantes carrying postganglionic sympathetic fibers |
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Term
| What plexuses are included in the intermesenteric plexuses |
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Definition
| Renal, testicular/ovarian, and uteric plexuses |
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Term
| What plexuses are included in the inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexuses) |
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Definition
| Rectal, vesical, uterovaginal, prostatic plexuses |
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Term
| What connects superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses |
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Definition
| Right and left hypogastric nerves |
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Term
| The terminal branches of the inferior hypogastric plexus penetrate the pelvic floor to innervate what? |
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Definition
| The erectile tissues of the penis and the clitoris in the perineum (cavernous nerves) |
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