Term
| What are some bacterial skin infections? |
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Definition
1. Impetigo
2. Folliculitis, Furuncle, Carbuncle
3. Cellulitis |
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Term
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Definition
1. Papules progress to vesicles surrounded by erythema; become pustules and break down to form thick adherent crusts with a characteristic golden appearance
2. Lesions usually involve the face and extremities and are pruritic |
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Term
| Impetigo is usually seen in what age group? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the treatments for impetigo? |
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Definition
1. Topical (Mupirocin) and/or Oral (Cephalosporins) antibiotics
2. Hand washing to prevent spread |
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Term
| What is the pathophysiology of folliculitis, furuncles, and carbuncles? |
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Definition
1. Purulent material extends to the dermis and into the subcutaneous tissue
2. Small abscess are formed (Furuncles)
3. Carbuncles are several inflamed follicles into a single inflammatory mass
4. Seen in areas exposed to friction and perspiration (back of neck, face, axillae, buttocks) |
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Term
| What are the treatments for folliculitis, furuncles, and carbuncles? |
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Definition
1. Warm compresses to promote drainage
2. Incision and Drainage (I&D)– Obtain culture to r/o MRSANever squeeze a lesion
3. The role of Antibiotic is not clear in the evidence (I&D alone is often curative) |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of skin and subcutaneous tissues and may involve the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics-usually a complication of a wound or trauma. |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of cellulitis? |
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Definition
| Skin erythema, edema, warmth, inflammation of regional lymph nodes, “streaking”, fever. |
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Term
| Why must cellulitis be monitored closely? |
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Definition
| It may progress to systemic infection rapidly. |
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Term
| What are the treatments for cellulitis? |
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Definition
1. Elevation of affected area
2. Rest and immobilization of affected area
3. Oral antibiotics
4. IV antibiotics (if involved area is near a joint, eyes or face) |
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Term
| What are the nursing managements for cellulitis? |
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Definition
1. Hand washing
2. Clothing directly touching affected area need to be cleaned in HOT water and changed daily
3. Discard razors
4. Prevent the spread of infection– Caution child against touching the involved area |
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Term
| What are some viral skin infections? |
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Definition
1. Warts
2. Herpes simplex |
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Term
| What is folliculitis, furuncles, and carbuncles? |
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Definition
| An infection of the hair follicle. |
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Term
| What is the etiology of warts? |
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Definition
| Caused by HPV and verruca plantaris (plantar warts). |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of warts? |
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Definition
1. Well-circumscribed, gray or brown, elevated, firm papules.
2. Rough texture
3. Mostly seen in exposed areas (fingers, hands, face)
4. May be single or multiple |
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Term
| What are the treatments for warts? |
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Definition
| Destructive therapy (surgical removal, cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen, laser, lactic, retinoic and salicylic acid solutions). |
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Term
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Definition
1. Clustered, grouped, burning, itching vesicles
2. Vesicles dry and form a crust |
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Term
| What parts of the body does herpes simplex involve? |
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Definition
| Involves the lips, nose, genitalia and buttocks. |
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Term
| How long does herpes simplex take to heal? |
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Definition
| Spontaneous healing in 8-10 days. |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of herpes simplex? |
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Definition
1. Type I: cold sores, fever blisters
2. Type II: genital |
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Term
| What are the treatments for herpes simplex? |
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Definition
1. Topical therapy with Penciclovir may shorten duration of cold sores
2. Oral antiviral (Acyclovir)
3. Valacyclovir (Valtrex) is used for recurrent genital herpes |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of fungal infections? |
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Definition
1. Tinea capitis (ringworm on the scalp)
2. Tinea corporis (ringworm on the body)
3. Tinea pedis (ringworm on the feet) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Scaly, circumscribed patches with areas of alopecia
2. May be pruritic |
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Term
| What is the incidence of tinea capitis? |
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Definition
1. High incidence in prepubertal children, 2 to 10yrs of age and 5x more likely in boys
2. More common in populations with coarse hair |
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Term
| How does tinea capitis spread? |
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Definition
| 1. Spreads child to child directly or via shared hats, combs, brushes, barrettes, rollers2. May also be transmitted from household pets (especially cats) |
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Term
| How long does tinea capitis last? |
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Definition
| May last months to years. |
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Term
| What are the treatments for tinea capitis? |
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Definition
1. Griseofluvin (oral antifungal) must be given 6-12 weeks
2. If a kerion is present-a boggy inflammation due to allergic reaction to the fungus, a 7 to 10 day course of prednisone is added to regimen to eliminate the reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Round or oval erythematous scaling patch with clear centrally
2. Multiple lesions and may be pruritic |
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Term
| What is the etiology of tinea corporis? |
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Definition
| Usually animal origin from infected pets. |
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Term
| What parts of the body does tinea corporis affect? |
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Definition
| Areas of body most often affected are non-hairy body parts-face, trunk, under arms. |
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Term
| What are the treatments for tinea corporis? |
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Definition
1. Daily application of topical antifungals (clotrimazole, micronazole) should be applied for 3x a day for at least 2 weeks and 1-2 weeks after no sign of lesions
2. May need oral griseofulvin if topical is ineffective |
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Term
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Definition
1. Intensely pruritic erythematous vesicles or bullae between the toes and on the soles of feet
2. Often follow activities that cause the feet to sweat
3. May be intermittent, recurrent or chronic |
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Term
| Chronic tinea pedis (untreated) can cause what? |
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Definition
| Scaling and spread to the nails. |
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Term
| What are the treatments for tinea pedis? |
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Definition
1. Topical antifungal cream for 4 weeks (interdigital)
2. Chronic tinea pedis may require oral antifungal therapy (up to 8 weeks) |
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Term
| What are the nursing managements for fungal skin infections? |
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Definition
1. Emphasize good health and hygiene
2. Avoid exchanging grooming items, headgear
3. Affected child should have their own towell
4. Protective head cap can be used to prevent spreading fungus to bedding
5. Household pets should be examined for fungus
6. Child may return to school after 24 hours on antifungal medication
7. Griseofulvin should be given with foods high in fat for best absorption
8. Important to keep areas clean and dry as possible |
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