Term
| What are the 5 things to look at when you're doing your behavioral observation? |
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Definition
| 1. Level of Arousal. 2. Tolerance to sensory input. 3. Ability to recover from stress. 4. Awareness of surroundings. 5. Age-appropriate attention to task. |
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Term
| When checking for tone/ROM what muscles do you want to pay particular attention to? (5) |
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Definition
| Biceps, pronators, adductors, HS and HC. |
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Term
| How do you assess if a child has adequate adductor length? |
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Definition
| You should be able to flex hips and knees to 90 and abduct down to the mat. |
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Term
| What are neonatal reflexes? When do they integrate? |
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Definition
| Reflexes you could expect to se ein the preterm/premature infant. Usually integrated by 6mos. |
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Term
| What are primitive reflexes? When are they integrated? |
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Definition
| These develop after birth. The baby is NOT born with these. Integrated by 6 mos. |
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Term
| Define righting responses. How are the different than reflexes? |
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Definition
| righting responses are fixing/holding to resist movement. They are not reflexes, because they require cortical processing of information to decide how to move. Reflexes are responses purely to a single sensory stimulus. |
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Term
| What are equilibrium responses? |
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Definition
| Dynamic responses to keep COG over BOS and movements fluid. |
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Term
| What are you looking for in a good pull-to-sit test? At what age should a child be able to do this? |
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Definition
| Eye contact, true chin tuck without shoulder contraction to compensate for weak neck musculature. By 6 mos. |
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Term
| What is the labarynthine response? What is the age of onset? |
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Definition
| When the baby is tilted from upright to foward tilt they should extend and rotate the head as a vestibular response, maintaining head in an upright position. 0-2mos. |
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Term
| What is positive support? Age of onset? Integration? |
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Definition
| When you put the childs feet on a table they should plant their feet and support some weight. Onset: 35 weeks gestation. Integration: 1-2mos. |
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Term
| Onset of ATNR? Integration? What's the implication of a strong ATNR? |
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Definition
| Onset: 0-2 mos. Integration: 4-6 mos. If it's really strong it can be almost impossible to function normally. They can't look around while they're WB on the UE (quadriped) and it inhibits functional activities. |
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Term
| What's the difference between Moro and startle reflexes? |
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Definition
| Moro: Arms and legs flail when head is extended in a supine position. Startle: A loud noise causes abduction , extension and splaying of the fingers. |
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Term
| What reflex can be used to check for brachial plexus injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's important to remember when testing the pull-to-sit response? |
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Definition
| Get their attention first. It's not a fair test if the kid's attention is off in left field and he doesn't anticipate the lift. |
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Term
| Is absence of vertical traction good or bad? What does it indicate? |
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Definition
| It's bad. It means the child is hypotonic. |
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Term
| What's the landau response? |
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Definition
| Superman - they'll extend head, trunk and legs, and retraction of the shoulders when placed prone in the air. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What's the difference between Neck on body and body on neck? |
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Definition
| NOB: When you turn the head the shoulder will follow, then hips. dissociation of trunk and legs. BON: When you turn from the hip, it's followed by the shoulders, then the head. |
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Term
| What is the parachute reaction? |
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Definition
| If you drop the child forward toward the mat they should extend their arms and fingers to protect themselves. Same thing if you drop them to their side from sitting. |
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Term
| What is the normal general movement pattern you'll see in neonates? |
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Definition
| Lots of asymmetric movement, variable waxing and waning, gradual beginning and end, very smooth and complex patterns with rotation appearing fluid and elegant. |
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Term
| What is an atypical general movement pattern? |
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Definition
| Poor repetoir with reptetive and monotonous movements. There is a lack of rotation, movements are jerky, cramped and rigid. Contractions and relaxations are total body, in unison. |
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Term
| What are the four gross motor developmental sequences? |
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Definition
| Cephalo->Caudal, Proximal->Distal, Mobility-> Stability-> Mobility on Stability -> Skill, and Saggital - > Frontal -> Transverse plane. |
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Term
| Give examples of typical 0-2yr movement in all three planes. |
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Definition
| Saggital: Crash nose into blanket, flexion/extension of head, shoulder flexion, quadriped rocking, creeping, etc... Frontal: Cruising along furniture. Transvers: Dissociation of shoulders/hips. |
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Term
| What components of postural control are you looking for by around 1 month of age? (4) |
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Definition
| Able to clear airway in prone (rooting and labyrinthine reflexes), active flex and ext of neck in supported C sit (labyrinthine), physiologic flexion postures, lack of extension. |
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Term
| What are the skills acquired in supine? (5) |
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Definition
| Visual motor control, hands to midline, proprioceptive processing - head,neck,pelvis,feet,hands. Tactile processing - heels&feet, Open chain shoulder and hip activity. |
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Term
| What are the early skills acquired in prone? (5) |
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Definition
| Proprio and tactile to face, lips, fingers. cervical rotation w/ weight shift at chest and shoulders. Upward gaze. Cervical extension. Passive stretch of hip flexors, pelvic rocking (important kyphosis/lordosis control necessary for sitting!). |
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Term
| What frontal and transverse plane control elements are acquired in prone? |
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Definition
| Reaching, depression/retraction of scapula (this is crucial, and must be developed in prone!), rotation of hips relative to shoulders, resisted DF/PF, control of triceps. |
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Term
| Rolling should be established by what age? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are talking to a proud parent who announces that their child has started rolling at 2 months of age! Are you excited for this parent? why or Why not? |
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Definition
| No, definitely not. This is too early for this milestone to be hit and indicates hypertonicity. |
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Term
| When should a child be sitting independently? What are the 4 requirements for I sitting? |
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Definition
| 6 mos. 1. Saggital plane control of head-neck, dorsal spine and pelvis. 2. Effective righting and equilibrium responses. 3. Dissociatin of eyes and head. 4. Contralateral shortening on one side w/ lengthening on the other (reaching)=frontal plane. |
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Term
| A child should be able to pull-> stand through 1/2 kneel by what age? |
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Definition
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Term
| Between what ages should a child do a supported stand->steps? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the progression of supported standing->walking? Apply the mobility/stability progression to each step. |
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Definition
| supportive stance(stability) -> squat to retrive object on ground w/ 1 hand support (Mobility on stability) -> lower to sit w/ control -> cruising L to R (new plane) -> Mementary hands-free stance (skill). |
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Term
| What does a pull-to-stand require? |
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Definition
| LE proprioception and body scheme, weight shift in frontal plane, dissociation of R and L LE and full hip, knee and ankle ROM. |
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Term
| What's easier; supported standing or quadriped? |
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Definition
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Term
| Persistent fear of letting go once standing may be indicative of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most won't walk I unless they've mastered what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does mature gait look like? |
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Definition
| Heel strike, trunk rotation, shoulders and pelvis dissociated, control w/ rapid stop start and change of direction, head and eyes move independently and ability to make necessary adjustments to carry, push and pull obstacles. |
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