Term
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Definition
| If there were concerns about the child's intelligibility using IPA and the others are using broad transcription |
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Term
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Definition
MLU(Brown)
*Count the number of morphemes the child produces divided by the number od words |
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Term
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Definition
Developmental Sentence Analysis
*get an idea of the grammatical structure used
*SALT is used
*look at each sentence and give points depending on the grammatical structure used
*shows us where the child is making attempts and where the child is accurate |
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Term
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Definition
Semantics Analysis - one word utterances
*look at the language sample, fill in types of utterances the child is using |
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Term
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Definition
*Dore's Primitive Speech Acts - how the child i s using language to communicate
*Fey's Conservational Coding - determining how assertive and how responsive the child i
*utterance by utterance
*determine how they are using each utterance to communicate |
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Term
| Standarized/Norm Referenced tests |
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Definition
*Administer one or more of these tests, usually one for receptive and one for expressive
*you want to find out where your child fits into the normal curve |
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Term
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Definition
*with this you tie it all together
*notice the gaps and strengths
*pull together additional probes or tests for the child to see the areas you will want to treat |
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Term
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Definition
*general in nature
*basic goal in one of the components of language |
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Term
Goal Selection
Consider: How many items to consider? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1. Current level of functioning on the structure |
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Definition
| Is it important to focus more on form or meaning? |
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Term
| 2. Potential effect of the new form on communicative effectiveness |
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Definition
| What is most helpful for the child? |
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Term
| 3. Response generalization |
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Definition
Could you, by working on one target, promote generalization to another target?
e.g. He is walking --> that could generalize to --> that is a man |
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Term
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Definition
How easy is it to teach that specific target?
How am I going to teach my patient the target? |
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Term
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Definition
How easy is it for the patient to hear the target /t/, /s/?
*most of these children have sketchy processing and it can be hard for them to pick up the small signals
*it can be good to overarticulate but we have to start to fade as soon as possible |
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Term
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Definition
*Can the child understand the target?
*Should the child be able to understand it before we can expect them to be able to produce it?
*Should they have to show they understand before we work on having them producing them?
*Does production come as we teach comprehension or does comprehension come as we teach production? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Horizontal Goal Attack Strategy |
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Definition
| Work on each of the 3 goals during each session |
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Term
| Vertical Goal Attack Strategy |
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Definition
| Work on one of the goals until that goal is mastered |
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Term
| Cycle Goal Attack Strategy |
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Definition
| Work on 1st goal in the 1st session and so on with all the goals and then at the 4th session start back over with the 1st goal |
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Term
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Definition
| Clinician hands therapy over to someone else such as teachers, parents, peers, and siblings |
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Term
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Definition
| Clinician performs therapy with the child, themselves and handing it over to others |
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Term
| Treatment settings to provide therapy |
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Definition
In your office
in the classroom
in the child's home |
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Term
| Treatment setting in your office |
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Definition
*less distractions
*you control the environment
*material on hand so you can modify easily |
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Term
| Treatment setting in the classroom - negative |
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Definition
*classroom is full of distractions
*tough to organize and plan to have the responses this child needs to succeed
*often teachers don't like someone coming into their space
*may be hard to build a relationship with the edcuator |
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Term
| Treatment setting in the classroom - Positive |
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Definition
*helps them generalize
*helps teachers so they can do the same things that the SLPs are modeling to provide a language rich environment for the child and others
*not such a big question to the other students, not so foreign and strange
*sometimes it works well for peers to be involved in the process - peer mentors who can promote success
*prevent frustration at the source which is the classroom |
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Term
| Treatment setting in the child's home |
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Definition
* you have your supplies with you and you have to be very organized
*could use things in the environment but things the SLP brings may spark interest
*use daily routines to encourage the child |
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Term
| Trainer Oriented - Positive |
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Definition
| you know what you want the child to do |
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Term
| Trainer Oriented - Negative |
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Definition
*the activity becomes more about the reward instead of what we are trying to help him or her learn
*less likely to promote generalization
*often difficult for people other than SLPs to complete because they are so complex |
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Term
| Operant Procedures for trainer oriented procedures |
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Definition
*based heavily on treatment
*the clinician decides what is needed to produce
*decides what is correct and incorrect
*reinforces child
*sets up behavioral plan and reinforcement schedule
*gradually works to shape child's language into what she wants it to be
*develops activities for child to produce goals
*modeling -provides lots of examples for the child and then asks which is the right way |
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Term
| Child Oriented Treatment Procedures |
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Definition
*clinician foes in with a very broad goal
*all clinician does is model
helpful for young child with limited vocabulary |
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Term
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Definition
| talk about what child is interested in |
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Term
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Definition
| you say what the child said but more complicated |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| simplifying linguistic complexity |
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Definition
| everything you make a little simpler for the child |
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Term
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Definition
go larger then small again
e.g. ball, large ball, large red ball, large ball, ball |
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Term
| Hybrid Treatment Procedures |
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Definition
you have a goal of what you want the child to produce but your expectations for the child are more free
*more open ended for the child
*more natural
*we think it will generalize more
*easier for parents to do |
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Term
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Definition
hear person talking on and on about the same thing
e.g. he is walking, he is talking, he is running, he is dancing, /is/ |
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Term
| vertical structuring and expansion |
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Definition
| another model of the child saying something and then you suggest a longer utterance and add to their utterance |
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Term
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Definition
| give in after a couple of times and give them what they want |
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Term
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Definition
you ask child to say something specific, you ask questions of the child so that the child doesn't have to initiate 1st scripting
* you could have the child go thru an order of producing certain tasks |
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Term
| Causes of intellectual disabilities |
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Definition
Biological
Social Environmental |
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Term
| Social Environmental Causes |
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Definition
*can cause intellectual disabilities
*poor environment can make intellectuality depressed
*strong environment can promote the development of cognitive skills |
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Term
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Definition
| Toxins in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| high doses of medications |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
chromosomal differences
Down Syndrome being the main one -93% of people abort |
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Term
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Definition
| Fragile X Syndrome - males will not procreate but females will, not knowing they have it |
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Term
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Definition
| baby born with lack of oxygen to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| mother contracts meningitis or rubella |
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Term
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Definition
*high rates of mental illness
*1/3 to 1/2 of people with schizophrenia have ID
*50% of cerebral palsy have ID
*Vast majority of people with ID have seizures |
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Term
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Definition
Attention
Discrimination
Organization
Transfer
Memory |
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Term
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Definition
| overall this tends to be a strength, especially with those with down syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
Seeing the differences between things
*visual spacial skills tend to be good
*speaks to the relative strength in picking up letters and reading |
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Term
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Definition
*might be a challenge
*being able to organize how things go together
*good for us to know if they have a problem with this because we might want to preorganize before we present it so they can see how it is put together |
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Term
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Definition
it is often going to be difficult for them to generalize skills to another person and another setting
*some people might be rigid and have a problem with seeing change |
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Term
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Definition
*long term storage of information can be a strength
*once someone with an ID learns something and has it down, it might be a problem extinguishing that information |
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Term
| System Selection: What are we going to use? |
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Definition
Pictures
real objects
photographs
line drawings
words paired with pictures |
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Term
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Definition
*Gestural and intentional developmental patters similar to those of children developing normally
*may take less dominant conversational role
*poorer clarification skills than metal age matched peers developing normally |
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Term
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Definition
*More concrete word meanings
*not as able to see words have multiple meanings
*slow vocabulary growth
*more limited use of a variety of semantic units
*children with DS able to learn word meaning from exposure in context as well as mental age matched peers developing normally |
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Term
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Definition
*Length complexity relationship similar to that of preschoolers developing normally
*same sequence of general sentence development as children developing normally
*shorter, less complex sentences with fewer subject elaborations or relative clauses than mental age matched peers developing normally |
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Term
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Definition
sentence word order takes precedence over word relationships
*reliance on less mature form, though capable of more advanced
*same order of morpheme development as preschoolers developing normally |
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Term
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Definition
Phonological rules similar to those of preschoolers developing normally but reliance on less mature forms, though capable of more advanced ones
*challenge for clear speech |
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Term
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Definition
*poorer receptive language skills, especially children with DS, then mental age developing normally
*poorer sentence recall than mental age matched peers
*more reliance on context to extract meaning |
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Term
| Pragmatics characteristics of a ID person |
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Definition
* more passive conversationalist
*not able to explain themselves
*less likely to add information |
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Term
| Semantics characteristics of a ID person |
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Definition
*not able to see words have multiple meanings
*12% of kids with DS would have one word by 12 months of age
*might have fast mapping |
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Term
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Definition
| hypothesized mental process whereby a new concept can be learned (or a new hypothesis formed) based only on a single exposure to a given unit of information |
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Term
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Definition
| Speech and Language Therapy |
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Term
| Syntax/Morphology characteristics of a ID person |
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Definition
*problems with past tense words
*problems with /ing/ |
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Term
| Phonology characteristics of a ID person |
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Definition
*challenge for clear speech
*DS - low muscle tone |
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Term
| Comprehension characteristics of a ID person |
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Definition
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Term
| Augmentative Communication |
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Definition
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Term
| Alternative communication |
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Definition
| Used to replace verbal speech |
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Term
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Definition
*picture book
*computer system
*eye gaze system
*number external communication system
*Ipad
*PECS
*Books with words and phrases |
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Term
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Definition
Picture Exchange Communication
*pictures or words that they give to a communication partner, to let them know their wants and needs, who immediately honors their request |
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Term
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Definition
| The Eyegaze System allows children and adults with cerebral palsy, brain or spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis and other diseases or conditions to control their surroundings and communicate with others, using advanced-eye recognition software. |
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Term
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Definition
*ASL
*Using person's body to communicate
*Eye blinking - one for yes and two for no
*Using feet to sign |
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Term
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Definition
Cheaper than it used to be but still more expensive then low tech
*DynaVox
*Proloquo2go
*Verbal Victor |
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Term
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Definition
| Children that have trouble with speaking could possibly be taught to use this app by pushing symbols and/or vocabulary words to form phrases. The easy to understand symbols enable children and other individuals with special needs to communicate. Proloquo2Go works on all iDevices, making it a portable AC device. |
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Term
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Definition
Verbal Victor is designed primarily for individuals with emerging communication skills, who associate
actions with pictures of objects they are familiar with, such as their own beds, swings, toys, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Better if you have low or no power
*Alphabet board
*phrase chart |
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Term
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Definition
SLP
OT
PT
Engineer
Parents
Client
Teachers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| positioning in wheel chair |
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Term
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Definition
| can help with fabrication like wheel chair trays |
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Term
| How many steps in the Assessment |
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Definition
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Term
| 1.Observe the nonverbal communication skills |
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Definition
*What are they doing non-verbally to communicate?
*Are they pointing?
*Are they gesturing?
*Are they using eye gaze? |
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Term
| 2. Assess Receptive Language |
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Definition
*The ability to understand
*find out the ability to follow commands
*find out how they discriminate objects - between objects |
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Term
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Definition
*Find out if they are reading at the appropriate age
*If they can read it creates so many options
*If they can spell they can communicate whatever they want |
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Term
| 4. Determine likelihood for Oral Speech |
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Definition
| some sort of side goal to continue to reach oral speech |
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Term
| 5. Assess Physical Skills |
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Definition
*trunk control
*hand use - index finger |
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Term
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Definition
| observe what senses they are using |
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Term
| 7. Assess Cognitive Skills |
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Definition
| Does client know if something is out of sight it still exists? |
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Term
| 8. Assess the Environment |
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Definition
*What are the Parents doing to encourage communication?
*what consistency is there between school and home?
*How receptive are the parents to the assisting devices? |
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Term
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Definition
*Almost always start with low tech
*find out how many items the child can use |
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Term
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Definition
*How will the person indicate their system?
*Can they have a finger pointing device attached to their hang?
Can they use their fist? |
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Term
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Definition
*Keep it functional and reinforcing
*think about their age and what others their age might be interested in
*Make sure the reward is motivating |
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Term
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Definition
*1:88 children
*1:54 males
*in the 1980s it was 10:1000
Utah 1:47
*varies from study to study |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| PDD- Pervasive developmental disorder |
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Definition
More middle ground - the most common
Communication difficulties (e.g., using and understanding language)
Difficulty with social behavior
Difficulty with changes in routines or environments
Uneven skill development (strengths in some areas and delays in others)
Unusual play with toys and other objects
Repetitive body movements or behavior patterns
Unusual likes and dislikes |
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Term
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Definition
*high functioning Autism
* characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction, alongside restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
*Genetic
*Biological
*Environmental (toxins)
Parenting Style -NO |
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Term
| Characteristics of Autism |
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Definition
*Impairment in social communication
*language and cognitive impairments
*restrictive and repetitive behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the automatic repetition of vocalizations made by another person |
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Term
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Definition
| an inability to speak caused by a speech disorder |
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Term
| Executive Functioning Skills |
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Definition
| Problems with: ability to reason, problem solve, plan, ability to organize |
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Term
| Characteristics of behavioral/emotional regulation |
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Definition
*insistence on sameness
temper tantrums - so much anxiety they can't control or stop |
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Term
| Characteristics of sensory/feeding issues |
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Definition
| *hypo/hypersensitivity to stimuli |
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Term
| Applied Behavioral Analysis |
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Definition
*main choice of intervention
*more specific
*we use this but try to find other ways to incorporate it
*more $ given for ABA academically then in private care |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Phase 1 - How to communicate? |
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Definition
*You figure out what motivates the child, like on a care, then you would help the child give the picture to someone who will then give that item to the child
*child is actually engaging with a communication partner |
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Term
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Definition
*distance and persistence
*get far away and child has to go to person (clinician) |
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Term
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Definition
| Discrimination between symbols |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*answering a direct question
*asking the child what they want |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*developed for kids with autism
*hands approach to help families develop language and communication skills in their child |
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Term
| Facilitative Communication (FC) |
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Definition
*Involves having the caregiver give the communication
*goal is to have people move all of their support
*every study showed facilitator was the one actually moving |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea is that you would hold them like in the womb |
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Term
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Definition
| put headphones on and listen to classical music to help the autistic characteristics |
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Term
| Dolphin and animal therapies |
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Definition
*thousands of dollars
*something that could be used as a tool if it is affordable for the parent |
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Term
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Definition
| filling these kids full of vitamins which could be damaging to the children |
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Term
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Definition
*weighted vests
*rocking was to be supported and and spinning was to be supported with SI |
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Term
| Child language Assessment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| always want to look in oral cavity ever though this may not have an effect on language |
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Term
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Definition
You start out by playing with the child and then throughout the sample you would challenge the child and you would be making informal observations
*this is recorded
You would be observing receptive and expressive langauge |
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