Term
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Definition
| first month of post natal life |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| est. of maturity at birth |
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Term
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Definition
| days/weeks of life since birth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| <37 weeks gestational age |
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Term
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Definition
| the science of a drug's fate in the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| rapidly lowers to 1-3 within 24 hours of birth in term neonates |
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Definition
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Term
| acid-labile drugs like ampicillin |
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Definition
| achieve higher serum concentrations |
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Term
| weakly-acidic drugs like acetaminophen, phenobarbital |
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Definition
| achieve lower serum concentrations |
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Term
| premature and term neonates gastric emptying |
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Definition
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Term
| GI motility reaches maturity |
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Definition
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Term
| administration is generally avoided in premature and term neonates |
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Definition
| intramuscular/subcutaneous |
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Term
| Vastus Lateralis (upper thigh): max volume: 0.5-1 mL (IM injection) |
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Definition
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Term
| Upper thigh until deltoid has developed adequate mass: 0-1 mL (IM injection) |
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Definition
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Term
| thickest portion of deltoid: 0-2 mL (IM injection) |
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Definition
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Term
| fatty area of thigh: 0.5-1 mL (SQ injections) |
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Definition
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Term
| fatty area of thigh or outer aspect of upper arm: 0.5-1 mL (SQ injections) |
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Definition
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Term
| outer aspect of upper arm: 0.5-1 mL (SQ injections) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| BSA of an infant to adult |
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Term
| systemic absorption (topical) |
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Definition
| greater in premature neonates and children |
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Term
| Rectal absorption in neonates and young children is enhanced |
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Definition
| immature hepatic metabolism |
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Term
| rectal dosage form useful in older infants and children |
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Definition
| peri-operative period, vomiting, delayed or accelerated GI motility |
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Term
| intraosseous injections (into marrow of the bone) |
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Definition
| most useful in children < 5 years old |
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Term
| total body water distribution |
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Definition
| increased insensible losses compared to adults |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increased drug activity (increased free fraction) --> drug toxicity |
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Term
| deposition of bilirubin in the brain leading to neurologic dysfunction that may be permanent if untreated |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| immature BBB, more permeable to hydrophilic molecules |
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Term
| prominent site of drug metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis, Demethylation |
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Definition
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Term
| methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation |
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Definition
| phase II enzymatic system |
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Term
| primary elimination process (50% at birth) : cytochrome P450 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| reduced until 10-12 months |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| higher predominance in infants than adults |
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Definition
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Term
| fetal activity 0-25% of adult and reaches maturity by 2-3 years |
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Definition
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Term
| well developed in infants; exceeds adult capacity from infancy to early childhood |
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Definition
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Term
| not fully functional at birth |
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Definition
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Term
| Rapidly increases during the first 2 weeks of life to an adult level at 8-12 months |
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Definition
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Term
| used for 18 years or older |
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Definition
| Cockroft and Gault method |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| weight and age are the determining factors |
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Term
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Definition
| height and age are the determining factors |
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Term
| used 6 months to 18 years |
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Definition
| modified Schwartz equation |
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