Term
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Definition
reserves/yearly production.
Gives the companies producing life. |
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Term
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Definition
| quantities of petroleum which are anticipated to ne commercially recoed and known accumulations from a given date forward. |
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Term
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Definition
| Depends on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available at the time. |
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Term
| classification of reserves |
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Definition
| proved, probable, and possible |
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Term
| Techniques for estimating N and G |
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Definition
Volumetric
MBE
Pressure Analysis
Decline Curves
Mathematical Simulation |
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Term
| Factors for fractional area sweep |
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Definition
Fluid mobility
well location
areal heterogeneity
total colume of water influx. |
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Term
| What is areal sweep efficiency |
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Definition
| the fractional area of the pattern that is swept by the displaced fluid |
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Term
| What is Displacement efficiency? |
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Definition
| the fraction of movable oil that has been displaced by water or gas. |
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Term
| What is vertical sweep efficieny |
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Definition
| the fraction of the vertical section of the pay zone that is contacted by water/gas. |
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Term
| what is the vertical sweep a function of |
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Definition
vertical heterogeneity
degree of gravity
fluid mobilities
size of aquifer. |
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Term
| reseason wells are drilled |
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Definition
| for fresh water, and to dispose of hazardous wastes. and to dispose of green house gases such as carbon dioixed. |
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Term
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Definition
| cable tool(obsolute) and rotary drilling. Rotary rigs dominate the industry today. |
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Term
| Selection of a drill site. |
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Definition
| based largely on the geological evidence indication the possible accumulation of petroleum. |
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Term
| level ground and area is important for? |
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Definition
Erecting the rig
excavating reserve pits.
provide storage for all of the materials and equiptment. |
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Term
| What is the large pit constructed for? |
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Definition
| for water used during drilling operations. and for disposal and drill cutting and other wastes. |
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Term
| what is a dry hole digger |
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Definition
| a small drilling rig used to start the main hole. ( a large diameter hole will be drilled to a shallow depth and lined with conducor pipe. |
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Term
| Sometimes a large rectangular cellar is excavated around the main bore hole and lined with wood. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a small diameter hole that is lined with pipe and is used for temporary storage for a kelly. |
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Term
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Definition
| A piece of drilling equiptment. |
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Term
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Definition
unloading and hooking up the rig engines and mudtanks and pumps.
raising the mast from horizontal to veritcal. |
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Term
| What is the substructure? |
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Definition
| the base or the foundation. directly over the hole. |
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Term
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Definition
| the work platform about the substructure. |
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Term
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Definition
| blowout preventer stack that is connected to the top of the wells casing. |
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Term
| What is supping the well? |
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Definition
| means to begin drilling operations. |
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Term
| What is the drill string? |
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Definition
| what is lowered and used for drilling consisting of the drill bit, drill collars, drill pipe and kelly. |
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Term
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Definition
| drilling mud that is circulated through the kelly and the drill string by means of pipes and hoses connected to a swivel. |
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Term
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Definition
| serparates the drill cuttings and solids from the drilling mud which is returned to the mud tanks. |
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Term
| What is drilling mud used for? |
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Definition
| lubricates and cools the drill bit and drill string while bringing cuttings up to the surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| putting an additional piece of drill string as hole deepens. |
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Term
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Definition
protects aquifers which may contain freshwater.
provides a mounting place for the BOP and servers as the support for the production casing that will be placed in the well bore if drilling program is sucessful. |
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Term
| How is the casing tested. |
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Definition
| for 12 hours under high pressures. |
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Term
| what is drill stem testing |
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Definition
| stopping the drilling to test formations for possible occurrences of oil or gas. |
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Term
| what stops the drilling process? |
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Definition
tripping.
drill stem testing.
and shearing the drill string (twisting off)
and losing drilling parts in the well bore(junk in the hole) |
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Term
| What is formation evaluation? |
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Definition
| the process used by operatiors to determine if rock layers contain hydrocarbons. |
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Term
| techniques used prior to completing the well. |
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Definition
examination of cuttings and drilling mud.
well logging
drill stem testing
coring. |
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Term
| Why do geologist examine cutting.s |
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Definition
for signs of oil and gas.
what type of rock is being drilled.
and the geologic formation. |
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Term
| Why is IDing the rock type important? |
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Definition
| reservoirs fall into categories by rock type. |
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Term
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Definition
| A trained tech or geologist who tests cuttings or drilling mud for gas and oil. |
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Term
| What type of compound is oil. Why is it important. |
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Definition
| polarizing compound. it will fluoresce when viewed in black light. |
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Term
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Definition
| measure the natural electric potential and the effect of induced electricity on the formations. |
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Term
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Definition
| measure the natural radioactivity and the effect of induced radioactivity on the formations. |
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Term
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Definition
| measure the velocity of sound waves in the formations. |
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Term
| What do logs tell geologists. |
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Definition
the depth to certain formations and intervals.
rock type and porosity and indications of the presence of oil and gas and quantity. |
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Term
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Definition
| plugging and abandoning a well. cement plugs are placed through out the drill pipe. separates non Hydro zones from Hydro zones. and freshwater from salt water. intervals are full of drilling mud. |
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Term
| Completeting a producing well. |
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Definition
| the BOP is removed and a production wellhead is attached. |
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Term
| what is well proforating. |
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Definition
| perforating holes in the casing to allow oil and gas to enter the casing. |
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Term
| How is the well stimulated? |
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Definition
| With acid, or injecting fluid or sand under high pressure to fracture the rock. |
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Term
| Three important parts of the refinery. |
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Definition
Crude oil unloading and blending.
Production unit scheduling
Product blending and shipping. |
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Term
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Definition
| Distills crude into light meduim and heavy fractions. |
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Term
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Definition
| gasoline ,liquid petroleum gas. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| conditions light fractions |
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Definition
desulferization.
alkylation
isomerization. |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrocracking, FCC, coking. |
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Term
| Conditions heavy fractions. |
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Definition
| Dewaxing, lube oil fractionation. |
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Term
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Definition
| separates crude oil into Gasoline, Naphtha, kerosene, diesel, gas oil, fuel oil, and residue. |
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Term
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Definition
Changes the gasoline components to increase octane.
produces aromatics for petrochemical industry. |
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Term
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Definition
| Paraffins, Naphthenese, aromatics. |
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Term
| Catalytic refoming reactions. |
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Definition
dehydrogenation.
isomerization.
aromatization.
Hydrocracking. |
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Term
| Catalytic reforming unit operating conditions. |
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Definition
low pressure30-40, high temp, 900-950
feedstock(heavy naptha from hydrotreating unit.
Catalyst
continuous process. |
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Term
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Definition
spare capacity yeilds lower prices
lack of spare capacity yeilds high prices. |
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Term
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Definition
Make up 72% of gasoline prices. takes about 6 weeks to make its way to pump.
crude oil prices are more volatile. |
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Term
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Definition
| are deterministic, they use forecasts but do not take into account uncertainty. |
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Term
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Definition
| revenue from product - rawmaterial cost - storage cost - lost demand cost - discount. |
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Term
| unloading and distribution models. |
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Definition
| integrated models produced better results. unloading model is driven by results from the production scheduling model and distribution model is driven by results from the production/scheduling model. |
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