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| The study of chemical which are used in the prevention and treatment |
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| The study of adverse efects of chemicals (xenobiotics)on living systems |
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| the applied aspect of toicology strives to reduce health risk from ________ to environmental pollutants, industrial chemicals, and a many diseases or syndromes |
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| chemicals that become incidental or occupational hazards as contaminants or air, water, or food |
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| diagnosis and treatment of poisonings, legal aspects regarding exposure to and harmful effects of chemical |
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| (french-drogue) herb or plant |
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| A mixture of liquids, a drugs or charm |
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| a drug used to treat disease or whatever |
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| People who believed in a comforting religious magic |
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| People who had a demonic religious approach |
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| Champion of rational therapy and ethics: also developed four humor theory(blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile) |
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| Hippocrates (late BCE, early CE) |
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| developed a complex system of medical treatment which was more secular than religious |
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| Chinese and Indian (Late BCE, Early CE) |
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| Traditional ___________ medicine had a large influence on the recent thrust of alternative medicine in the US |
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| Most advances in medicine were made in the middle east by _________ and ________ physicians |
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| Arabic, Jewish (1500's-1600's) |
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| Abolished the 4 humor theory and stressed the curative powers of single agents |
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Definition
| Paracelsus (early 1500's) |
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| Isolated and purified morphine |
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Term
| _______introduced as a general anesthetic agent |
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Definition
| Ether (1800's and early 1900's) |
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| _______introuced as a local anesthetic agent |
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Definition
| Cocaine (1800's- early 1900's) |
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Term
| studied dyes and heavy metals as agents to treat bacterial infections |
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Definition
| Paul Ehrlich (1800's-early 1900's) |
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| Law aimed at adulteration and mislabeling of products |
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Definition
| Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 |
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| Law that required the registration of people handling listed drugs and the purchase of a tax stamp: could not obtain narcotics without a prescription |
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Definition
| Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914 |
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| Law that brought about the use of schedules to try to rank drugs by their potential to cause abuse or dependency |
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Definition
| Controlled Substances Act of 1970 |
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| Law that mandated testing for safety but not efficacy |
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Definition
| Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act of 1938 |
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| Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act of 1938 sparked by the thalidomide disaster; mandated what toxicological studies would be done and also required proof that the drug has efficacy. |
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Definition
| Harris-Kefaiver Amendment of 1962 |
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Term
| Convenient route of administration, affects only the site required for a therapeutic effect, has little or no toxicity, a properly timed rate of onset and offset, does not interact with other drugs and is eliminated from the body efficiently |
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Term
| A form of short hand often used by the drug developer, little utility to any but the developer |
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| Most precise name for drug but too burdensome for routine use |
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| Investigator assigned names (particularly common in natural products) confusing to those outside of the specific area |
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| Name the emerges clinically in an attempt to simplify writing. Beware bc may cause confusion when dispensing |
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| Name commonly used in commerce and prescribing, may refer to an individual compound or to a specific product formulation |
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Definition
| Proprietary Name-Trademark |
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| aka as generic nameand recommended in the USA bye the USAN. BEST NAME to use in routine study and evaluation of drugs |
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| Agency established in 1960s that is responsible for the selction of nonproprietary names in the USA |
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Definition
| United States Adopted Names Council |
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Term
| USAN is comprised of 5 voting members: |
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Definition
| representing AMA< APhA, USP, and FDA,and 1 member at large |
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Term
| A request for USAN is initiated by the ________________ and cannot be considered until the drug has entered _________ __________. |
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Definition
| manufacturer, Clinical Trials |
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Definition
| useful to health professions, distinctive to avoid confusion with the names of other substances, Indicate any relationship that exists between the new entity and established drugs. UDI- |
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| Prefixes, suffixes or infixes that reflect a special chemical nucleus, pharmacological property, both. |
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| Name of active moiety should be a single word of no more than _________ syllables and should be identified ______. |
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