Term
| If pt is lethargic, how should their temp be taken? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If child < 3y/o has a fever and appears ill, what should you suspect? |
|
Definition
sepsis,
UTI,
pneumonia,
other infx |
|
|
Term
| What may a child's temp be up to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is sinus bradycardia in a child < 3y/o considered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is sinus bradycardia in a child 3 - 9 y/o considered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average pulse rate for a child 1 - 2 y/o? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average pulse rate for a child 2 - 6 y/o? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average pulse rate for a child 6 - 10 y/o? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal respiratory rate in early childhood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal respiratory rate in late childhood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the appropriate way to fit the BP cuff? |
|
Definition
| Cuff should be able to cover 2/3rd of the upper arm or leg |
|
|
Term
| Where should the BP in an infant or toddler < 3y/o be taken? Why? |
|
Definition
| Both arms and 1 leg; to r/o coarctation of the aorta |
|
|
Term
| What is most transient HTN due to? |
|
Definition
| Due to meds (Prednisone or Ritalin) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most frequent cause of elevated BP in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If sustained HTN is found in an infant or child, what conditions may be the underlying cause? |
|
Definition
Renal Parenchymal
artery disease,
Primary HTN,
Coarctation of the aorta |
|
|
Term
| What is the rule of thumb for growth in height after 2 y/o? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered 'at-risk' for overweight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered overweight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of children are considered obese? |
|
Definition
| 36% are >85th % and 16% have a BMI >95th % |
|
|
Term
| How can you differentiate an endocrine abnormality cause of obesity from an exogenous cause of obesity? |
|
Definition
Endocrine causes tend to be short
Exogenous obesity are also tall for their age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symbols used to help determine visual acuity |
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to determine eye fixation preference? |
|
Definition
| covering one eye and seeing if child objects |
|
|
Term
What are the normal visual acuities for:
Age 3?
Age 4?
Age 5? |
|
Definition
Age 3 = 20/40
Age 4 = 20/30
Age 5 = 20/20 |
|
|
Term
| At what age should a child's vision reach 20/20? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can Anisometropia reult in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it important to treat amblyopia? |
|
Definition
| must be corrected early (by age 6 y.o.) or may result in permanent reduced visual acuity |
|
|
Term
| What can cause the TM to appear red? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of school-aged children has a hearing impairment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is 0 - 20db considered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is 20 - 40 dB considered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is 40 - 60dB considered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is 61 - 90dB conisidered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is > 90dB considered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hearing screening does AAP recommend for children > 4 y/o? |
|
Definition
| full scale acoustic screening in asymptomatic children |
|
|
Term
| If pt presents with unilateral drainage with foul smelling discharge what is the most likely cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition is characterized by Pale, boggy nasal mmbs? |
|
Definition
| perenniel allergic rhinitis |
|
|
Term
| When are Maxillary sinuses visible on xray? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are Sphenoid sinuses visible on xray? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are Frontal sinuses visible by on xray? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is hypernasal speech a characteristic of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a Nasal voice plus snoring a characteristic of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a Hoarse voice plus cough characteristic of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a voice described as "rocks in mouth" a characteristic of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can posterior lymphadenopathy be indicative of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Should the thyroid gland be palpable or non-palpable in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lung condition has findings on auscultation described as Prolonged expiratory phase & Expiratory breathing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lung condition has findings on auscultation described as inspiration is prolonged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles are most involved in retraction? |
|
Definition
scalene,
sternocleidomastoid,
trapezius muscles |
|
|
Term
| What are Lower costal, subcostal (epigastric) and lower intercostal retractions often indicative of ? |
|
Definition
| flattening of the diaphragm due to air trapping and pulmonary hyperinflation |
|
|
Term
| Where is the PMI visible in a child < 7 y/o? |
|
Definition
| Visible at L.4th interspace |
|
|
Term
| Where is the PMI visible in a child >7 y/o? |
|
Definition
| Visible at L 5th Intercostal space |
|
|
Term
| Where is S1 louder in a child, where is S2 louder? |
|
Definition
S1 is louder than S2 at apex
S2 is louder than S1 at the pulmonic area |
|
|
Term
| How is the heart heard best? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are most innocent murmurs of childhood associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which murmur is described as being caused by turbulence of blood in the jugulars? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is venous hum continuous or incontinuous? Where is it heard loudest? How can it be stopped? |
|
Definition
| Continuous; Heard above the medial third of the clavicles, especially on right. 1st and 2nd interspaces; obliterate by pressure on jugular |
|
|
Term
| What age is a Still's murmur heard? |
|
Definition
| Preschool or early school age |
|
|
Term
| What age is a venous hum heard? |
|
Definition
| Preschool or early school age |
|
|
Term
| What age is the carotid bruit heard? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which murmur is described as Soft, hollow, continuous, Louder in diastole, under the clavicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which murmur is described as Grade I-II, musical, vibratory, early and midsystolic, Mid/lower left sternal border? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which murmur is described as Early and midsystolic, usually louder on left. Eliminated by carotid compression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are murmurs acquired after age 3 usually caused by? What valve is MC affected? |
|
Definition
| rheumatic dz, Mitral Valve |
|
|
Term
| When do umbilical hernias present from birth usually resolve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What test should you use to determine the liver span in PEDs pts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can the spleen in children be felt? |
|
Definition
| Projects downward like a tongue (1-2 cm below the costal margin) |
|
|
Term
| How can you check for heel tap or rebound tenderness in PEDs pts? |
|
Definition
Heel Tap = Ask child to hop on one foot
Rebound Tenderness = Jump off table |
|
|
Term
| When using Tanner stages of breast development, which stage is described as elevation of nipple only? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When using Tanner stages of breast development, which stage is described as elevation of breast and nipple as a small mound and enlargement of areolar region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When using Tanner stages of breast development, which stage is described as further enlargement of breast and areola with no separation of their contours? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When using Tanner stages of breast development, which stage is described as projection of areola and nipple to form a secondary mound above the level of the breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When using Tanner stages of breast development, which stage is described as projection of nipple only, areola has receded to general contour of the breast (although in some individuals it is normal for areola to be a second mound)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on the Tanner stages of public hair for females, what stage is described as preadolescent or vellus hair only? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on the Tanner stages of public hair for females, what stage is described as Sparse growth of long, slightly pigmented, downy hair or only slightly curled hair, appearing along labia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on the Tanner stages of public hair for females, what stage is described as Hair is darker, coarser, more curled, and spreads to the pubic junction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on the Tanner stages of public hair for females, what stage is described as Adult-type hair; there is no spread to the medial surface of thighs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on the Tanner stages of public hair for females, what stage is described as Adult-type hair with increased spread to medial surface of thighs; distribution is as an inverse triangle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on the Tanner stages of public hair for males, what stage is described as same as in childhood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on the Tanner stages of public hair for males, what stage is described as enlargement of testes and scrotum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on the Tanner stages of public hair for males, what stage is described as penis is lengthened? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on the Tanner stages of public hair for males, what stage is described as scrotum darkened, penis width increases and glans develops? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on the Tanner stages of public hair for males, what stage is described as pubic hair spreads to medial aspect of thighs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered precocious puberty? |
|
Definition
| Breast enlargement and pubic hair <8yr |
|
|
Term
| Is rectal exam routine in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what years would the vaginal exam show a flattened labia majora, thin minora, thick, avascular hymen covering vaginal opening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can a common cause of erythema of the vagina be caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is a vaginal exam indicated for in kids? |
|
Definition
| for abuse or pre-puberty bleeding and discharge |
|
|
Term
| What do Undescended testicles increase chances for developing? |
|
Definition
| for testicular cancer and infertility |
|
|
Term
| In what ages is genu varum common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of all childhood fractures are inflicted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does gower's sign indicate? |
|
Definition
| muscle weakness (Muscular Dystrophy) |
|
|
Term
| What remains the best predictor of future intellect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Goodenough-Harris or Gesell Figure’s test evaluate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the non-specific symptoms consistent with head injury in a child? |
|
Definition
Lethargy
Irritability
Persistent unexplained vomiting
Apnea
Coma
Convulsions |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of abdominal trauma in a child? |
|
Definition
Vomiting
Pain
Tenderness
Shock
Sepsis |
|
|
Term
| Where does accidental bruising typically occur in an ambulatory child? |
|
Definition
Knee and shin
Forearm
Forehead and chin
Bony prominence, such as elbows, hips, and spine |
|
|
Term
| What is indicative of nonaccidental hot water burns, setting them apart from accidental burns? |
|
Definition
| Nonaccidental hot water immersion burns are typically bilateral and symmetrical with well-demarcated lines and without splash marks |
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