Term
| What is primary amenorrhea? |
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Definition
| When there is no menses by the age of 16 |
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Term
| What is secondary amenorrhea? |
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Definition
When the menses is absent after all ready gettin the period.
ex: pregnancy and menopause |
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Term
| Oligomenorrhea is having a menses more than _______ days apart. |
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Definition
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Term
| Polymenorrhea is having a menses less than __________ days apart. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dysmenorrhea is characterized as having _____________________________ |
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Definition
| very painful menstruation |
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Term
| List some female reproductive disorders |
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Definition
1. PMS
2. Perimenopause
3. Endometriosis
4. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrom (PCOS)
5. Hyperprolactinemia
6. Infertility |
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Term
| What are some symptoms for PMS and when do they occur? |
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Definition
mood swings, tender breasts, bloating, depression, acne flare ups, etc.
occurs 1-2 weeks before the period starts and ends once the period starts. |
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Term
| What things tend to make PMS worse? |
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Definition
High Salt intake = fluid retention
Alcohol/Caffeine = affects the CNS, mood
Stress
Low Ca, Mg, Folic acid, vitamines |
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Term
| What is PMDD stand for and how many symptoms must you exhibit to have it? |
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Definition
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Have to have at least 5 of the symptoms ( similar to PMS symptoms)
Its a more severe form.
Depression, panic attacks, feeling out of control, crying, etc |
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Term
| Endometriosis characteristics are: |
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Definition
1. Dysmenorrhea
2. Ab pain
3. Infertility |
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Term
| Why is endometriosis so painful? |
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Definition
| There is endometrial tissue located outside the endometrium. It has lodged into other areas of the body such as the GI tract, or even lungs. You have the tissues doing the same thing on different parts of the body. |
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Term
| How would you treat endometriosis? |
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Definition
You want to inhibit the menstrual cycle in order to inhibit the estradiol effect on proliferation.
You can give a long acting GnRH to decrease the GnRH receptors thus decreasing LH and FSH and ultimately Estrogen.
(Down regulation) |
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Term
| PCOS is said to be a ____________________ disorder. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is PCOS associated with? |
|
Definition
1. Chronic anovulation
2. Mood disorders
3. Insulin Resistance; hyperinsulinemia
4. Generally overweight or obese women
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Term
| T/F: PCOS is an example of primary amenorrhea? |
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Definition
| False; it is an example of secondary amenorrhea! |
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Term
| Typical presentation of PCOS is in ____________ and is likely to be genetic heritability. |
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Definition
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Term
| In PCOS, the excess androgens supress ___________, and thus the development of _____________ which causes there to be no ovulation. |
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Definition
LH
dominant follicle is absent |
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Term
| In PCOS there seems to be _____________ to LH which causes __________ FSH. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What 2 things can cause Hyperprolactinemia? |
|
Definition
1. PRL secreting tumors
2. Can occur secondary to primary hypothyroidism due to increased TRH stimulation of PRL |
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Term
| PRL secreting tumors can be either: |
|
Definition
| Pituitary adenomas or microadenomas |
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Term
|
Definition
| The abnormal production of a milk like substance in men or non breast-feeding women. |
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Term
| What type of effects does Hyperprolactinema cause in men and women? |
|
Definition
In Women: Amenorrhea
In Men: Impotence due to GnRH secretion inhibition.
In both causes INFERTILITY |
|
|
Term
| What would you use to treat hyperprolactinemia? |
|
Definition
| DA agonsit or ergot alkyloids |
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Term
| Sheehan's syndrome usually occurs ________________. |
|
Definition
After giving birth
there is a pituitary infarct after hemorrhage at delivery. |
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Term
| With Sheehan's Syndrome there is a loss of these hormones: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Because of the panhypopituitary in Sheehan's syndrome it is associated with these characteristics: |
|
Definition
1. Amenorrhea
2. Infertility
3. Hypothyroidism
4. Hypoadrenocorticism |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat Sheehan's syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What 3 things cause infertility in both men and women? |
|
Definition
Exogenous steroids
Genetic defects
Chromosomal defects |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of exogenous steroids? |
|
Definition
1. Progestins
2. Anabolic steroids
3. Contraceptives |
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Term
| List the Genetic causes of infertility. |
|
Definition
1. Kallman's Syndrome
2. Turner's Syndrome
3. Kleinfelter's Syndrome
4. P450c17 Deficiency
5. Aromatase deficiency
6. AR defect
7. Sertoli only defect |
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Term
| Kallman's Syndrome is _________________________ |
|
Definition
| Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism |
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|
Term
| In Kallman's Syndrome there is deficiency in ____________ and a poor ____________. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is male pseudohermaphroditism? |
|
Definition
| It is genetically a male but since they cant make no androgens they are phenotype is of a female. |
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Term
| Male Pseduohermaphroditism can occur due to a defect in either ____________ or ___________. |
|
Definition
P450c17
StAR (mitochondrial enzyme) |
|
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Term
| Female Pseudohermaphroditism occurs when there is excess androgens and a defect in ________________ so none gets converted to estrogen. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Ambiguous females have defects in _________ or ________ for adrenal corticosteroid production that causes excess adrenal androgen production. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If you have an 5a-Reductase deficiency then there is little to no ________ being made. |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Before puberty they dont have enough DHT so there male external genitalia is absent, no prostate development. Once puberty is reached and T increases then they start to develop. |
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Term
| An androgen receptor defect example is Testicular feminization which is aka ________ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| T/F: Androgen insensitivity is problematic in males because they tend to have female phenotype/ femlae external genitalia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sertoli Cell only syndrome is when there is |
|
Definition
| no sperm cells (genetic mutation of 1 or gene families) |
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Term
| Turner's syndrome is _______ and is ___________ phenotype but stalled puberty development. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| T/F: With Turner's syndrome you can get feminization at puberty. |
|
Definition
| False; you get feminization at pubery with Kleinfelter's Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What other defects might occur in someone with Turner's Syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Congenital renal and cardiovascular defects |
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|
Term
| Kleinfelter's Syndrome is ________ and the phenotype is male but usually ___________. |
|
Definition
XXY
Hypogonadal so low amounts of androgens
|
|
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Term
| In Turner's syndrome there is dysgenic ___________ while in Kleinfelters there is ______________ dysgenesis. |
|
Definition
Ovaries
Seminiferous Tubule |
|
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Term
| Why does feminization occur at pubery in those with Kleinfelter's? |
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Definition
| Because there is not enough androgens to overcome the amount of estrogen. |
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Term
| What does are some characteristics of Turner Syndrome ? |
|
Definition
Webbed skin
Poor breast development
Under developed ovaries
short arms and legs
short in height
heart development problems
kidney problems
distinct facial features. |
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of Kleinfelter's Syndrome? |
|
Definition
Poor beard growth
Breast development
Under developed testes
Tall
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