Term
| What is the purpose of the endocrine system? |
|
Definition
1. Integrate and regulate biological processes
2. Allow communication between organs, tissues and cells
3. Maintain homeostasis
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secreted into the blood and travels thru blood to influence distance targets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Influence on other cells within the same organ or tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An influence on the same cell type |
|
|
Term
| An intracrine system has its action _____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 different classes of hormones by chemistry? |
|
Definition
1. A.A
2. Steroid
3. Proteins and peptides |
|
|
Term
| Some Amino Acid derived hormones are hormones like |
|
Definition
Thyroid
adrenal medulla
dopamine
|
|
|
Term
| Amino Acid derived hormones and proteins/peptides derived hormones both have their site of action on |
|
Definition
the cell surface to its receptor
(Cannot cross the lipid membrane) |
|
|
Term
| Which is the only Amino Acid derived hormone that can cross the cell membrane? |
|
Definition
| Thyroid hormones are transported into the membrane bound to proteins and attach to their nuclear receptors |
|
|
Term
| Steriod hormones are derived from cholesterol and is usually circulating in |
|
Definition
| the blood bound on a protein |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Steriod hormones can cross the cell membrane. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins/ peptide hormones are synthesized as _________________ in the ribosomes then processed to ____________ in the ER. Then gets secreted out the Golgi once its been modified via exocytosis |
|
Definition
| preprohormones; Prohormones |
|
|
Term
| The exocytosis that releases the protein hormones is said to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give some examples of protein/peptide hormones |
|
Definition
ACTH
insulin
glucagon
growth hormone |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Amino Acid derived and Protein derived hormones are freely circulating in the plasma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Steriod hormones are synthesized in the adrenal cortex, gonads and placenta. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Vit A is considered a steriod hormone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rank the duration of action for the 3 classes of hormones. |
|
Definition
Amino Acid is the shortest
Steroid
protein
then thyroid
|
|
|
Term
| Which type of hormone makes the majority of hormones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some Amino Acid derived hormones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Amino Acid hormones are synthesized using 2 Tyr residues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cell surface receptors for A.A. and Proteins are coupled to __________ |
|
Definition
| GPCR that signal a cascade |
|
|
Term
| Hormone secretion is stimulated by what three things? |
|
Definition
| 1. Neural control 2. Hormone control 3. Metabolites |
|
|
Term
| In Nueral control, the ______ and ________ release ___________ to stimulate the release of hormones. |
|
Definition
SNS or PNS
NTs (either AcH, or NE) |
|
|
Term
| What is negative feedback? |
|
Definition
Endocrine cells from 1 organ produce a hormone that stimulates the target organ to produce another hormone (hormone 2). Hormone 2 decreases the production and release of the hormone that stimulated its release, also known as a tropic hormone.
(inhibits secretion of the pituitary or hypothalamic hormone) |
|
|
Term
| When does positive feedback occur? |
|
Definition
| occurs when the release of a hormone feeds forward the system ultimately resulting in stimulation of its own release. An example is the stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) release by estradiol released during midcycle |
|
|
Term
| Give an example of a negative feedback regulation. |
|
Definition
| regulation of anterior pituitary release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
| What is product regulation and give an example? |
|
Definition
The production and release of a hormone that is regulated by the circulating levels of the substrate that it controls.
An example is the regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) release from the parathyroid glands by the prevailing serum levels of Ca2+. |
|
|
Term
| What types of patterns are hormones secreted in? |
|
Definition
| Secretion can be episodic with burst frequency of minutes or hours |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Secretion can be circadian like ACTH and cortisol. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Secretion can be determined by activity, sleep, meals, temperature, etc. |
|
Definition
| True; in fact GH is highest at night and Cortisol is highest in the a.m. |
|
|
Term
| Which hormones experience episodic bursts of secretion? |
|
Definition
| All hypothalamic and pituitary hormones |
|
|
