Term
| List several applications of Pavlovian conditioning. |
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Definition
| fear, prejudice, advertising, paraphilia, taste aversion, immune system, |
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Term
| Whose research showed that relatively few stimuli naturally arouse fear or other strong emotions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Conditioned Emotional Response |
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Definition
| Watson's term for emotional reactions to stimuli of fear, love, hate and disgust which are gained through Pavlovian Conditioning |
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Term
| Briefly describe the "Little Albert" experiment |
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Definition
| Albert, an 11 mo old boy, showed no fear of a rat, a pigeon, a dog, a monkey, cotton wool or a burning newspaper. They paired a US for crying and fear (a loud sound) with the white rat. After a few pairings, the rat alone elicited crying and fear. |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of pavlovian conditioning to reverse the unwanted effects of prior conditioning |
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Term
| Briefly describe the "Peter" experiment |
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Definition
| Peter was afraid of rabbits, they paired CS for fear (rabbit) with a positive US (crackers and milk). They gradually moved the rabbit closer while giving the crackers and milk until Peter could have the rabbit on his lap. |
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Term
| Systematic Desensitization |
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Definition
| therapy based on classical conditioning procedures for treating phobias which includes a "fear hierarchy" in which clients begin with relaxation and move to more fearful situations gradually |
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Term
| Transfer of prejudice from words to groups |
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Definition
| Even if the conditioning occurs to a word or a label which represents a group, the effects can be transferred to people in those groups, not just the word itself |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual behavior that is widely considered by society to be perverse or unnatural |
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Term
| How paraphilias might be established |
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Definition
| painful, unpleasant, or other stimuli can function as a CS when paired with the US of pleasurable sexual stimulation (if you are hit every time you are turned on, you will start getting turned on just by being hit) |
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Term
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Definition
| used with paraphilias; a CS that elicits inappropriate sexual arousal is paired with a US that elicits and unpleasant response. Ethically grey. |
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Term
| Survival Implication of Taste Aversion |
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Definition
| one-trial learning with potentially poisonous foods has survival value and this susceptibility may be passed on genetically |
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Term
| Immune System Boosting with Pavlovian Procedures |
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Definition
| pairing a neutral stimulus with a drug or procedure that facilitates immune function |
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