Term
| Areas of the adrenal Cortex |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviations of areas of Adrenal Cortex |
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Definition
ZG = Z. Glomerulosa ZF = Z. Fasciculata ZR = Z. Reticularis |
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Term
| The Adrenal Gland consists of the _____ and the _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Aldosterone is produced in the ______, Cortisol in the _________, and Epinephrine in the _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the daily secretions of the adrenal gland? |
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Definition
Aldosterone (Mineralcorticoid) - 0.05-0.15 mg/day Cortisol (Glucocorticoid) - 12-30 mg/day DHEA (Androgen) - 7-15 mg/day |
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Term
| In terms of the zones of the cortex, Aldosterone is produced in the ________, cortisol in the ________, and DHEA in the ___________ |
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Definition
| Z. Glomerulosa; Z. Reticularis and Fasciculata; Z. Reticularis and Fasciculata |
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Term
| Secretion of adrenal hormones is determined by......... |
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Definition
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Term
| Circulation of adrenal hormones is controlled by........ |
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Definition
| Extensive protein binding (transcortin, CBG - Cortisol Binding Globulin) |
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Term
| What effects do Glucocorticoids have on the liver? |
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Definition
| Stimulates gluconeogenesis, Increases hepatic glycogen, increases blood glucose, Catabolic (negative nitrogen balance)(also in muscle) |
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Term
| What effects do Glucocorticoids have on Adipose tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effects do Glucocorticoids have that affect multiple sites in the body? |
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Definition
Blocks inflammatory response Suppresses Immune System |
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Term
| Corticosteroids protect dependent tissues, such as the _______ and _____, from starvation |
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Definition
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Term
| Corticosteroids stimulate the ________ to form _________ |
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Definition
| Liver; Glucose; result is higher glucose levels |
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Term
| What is the mechanism for corticosteroids increasing glucose levels? |
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Definition
| Translocation of the glucose transporter from the plasma membrane to an intracellular location |
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Term
| What is a potential problem with Corticosteroids? |
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Definition
| Glucocorticoids can worsen glycemic control in patients with diabetes |
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Term
| In excess of corticosteroids, what can result? |
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Definition
Redistribution of body fat (Cushing's Syndrome), back of the neck (Buffalo bump), face (moon face) Truncal adipocytes respond predominantly to insulin and Glucocorticoids-induced hyperglycemia |
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Term
| What effects does elevated corticosteroids have on the CNS? |
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Definition
1. Mood Elevation 2. Euphoria 3. Insomnia 4. Increase Motor Activity 5. Anxious 6. Depressed 7. Psychosis Neurosteroids regulate neural excitability |
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Term
| Describe the feedback system for Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to Cortisol levels when we sleep? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the regulation of aldosterone secretion by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the symptoms, and frequency of these sypmtoms, of Cushing's Disease (Hypercortisolism)? |
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Definition
Centripetal Obesity - 95% Hypertension - 82% Hyperglycemia - 80% Amenorrhea - 75% Moon Facies - 60% Osteoporosis - 60% Personality Change - 55% |
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Term
| Explain the different kinds of Cushing's Syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the different kinds of adrenal insufficiencies |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the symptoms of Addison's disease, and their frequency of occurrence? |
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Definition
Weakness and fatigability - 100% Weight Loss - 100% Hyperpigmentation - 92% Hypotension - 88% Hyponatremia - 88% Hyperkalemia - 65% |
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Term
| Conn's Syndrome is also known as Hyperaldosteronism.....what are the effects of the primary version? |
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Definition
| Increase Aldosterone --> Increase Na+ retention --> This increases both ECF Volume and Renal Perfusion Pressure --> Decreases Renin |
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Term
| What are the effects of secondary hyperaldosteronism? |
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Definition
| Decrease Renal Perfusion Pressure --> Increases Renin --> Increases Aldosterone --> Increases Na+ retention and ECF volume |
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Term
| Name the Cause, Symptoms, and Treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (Adrenogenital Syndrome) |
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Definition
Cause - Enzymatic defect Symptoms - Varied Treatment - Replace missing hormones |
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