Term
| Antibodies cannot protect a host against viral infection. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most antigens react directly with the cells of the immune system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Some forms of severe combined immunodeficiency can be caused by a single gene defect. |
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Definition
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Term
| Immune deficiencies can be either congenital or acquired. |
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Definition
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Term
| Persons with blood type O are considered universal recipients. |
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Definition
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Term
| Antibodies to HIV appear within weeks of transmission through blood products, but within months after sexual transmission. |
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Definition
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Term
| Colonization is the first stage of infection. |
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Definition
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Term
| Disease caused by fungi are called mycoses. |
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Definition
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Term
| Stress has no effect on the development of cancer. |
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Definition
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Term
| Early treatment is fever is important because fever has no theraputic benefit. |
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Definition
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Term
| Large A Delta fibers carry sharp, localized pain sensation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Because spinal cord swelling increases the degree of dysfunction, it is difficult to distinguish between permanent and temporary loss of function until swelling has resolved. |
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Definition
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Term
| Guillain-Barre syndrome causes sensory neuropathy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis live symptom free for atleast 10 years. |
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Definition
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Term
| Autonomic hyperreflexia is most likely to occur before spinal shock is resolved. |
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Definition
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Term
| Huntingtons Disease is inherited as an autosomal disease with high penetrance. |
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Definition
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Term
| The peripheral nervous system is the main location of lesions in multiple sclerosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIDH) is characterized by increased levels of diuretic hormone. |
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Definition
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Term
| One function of the thyroid gland is to regulate metabolism. |
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Definition
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Term
| The brain does not require insulin for glucose uptake. |
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Definition
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Term
| The tentorium is located in the brain stem. |
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Definition
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Term
| Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus do not affect the release of antidiuretic. |
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Definition
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Term
| The neural center that controls normal breathing is believed to be located in the brain stem. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the blood vessels involved in the control of blood pressure are innervated be the sympathetic nervous system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Parathyroid hormone mainly functions to control circulating magnesium. |
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Definition
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Term
| Thyroid storm can be a life threatening situation. |
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Definition
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Term
| One result of lack of negative feedback to the parathyroid gland is bone demineralization. |
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Definition
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Term
| The thymus is part of the endocrine system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cortisol is necessary for life. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fever is part of a complex, integrated cascade of behavioral, neurologic, and endocrine responses to an exogenous pyrogen. |
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Definition
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Term
| At birth, samples of blood from the umbilical cord indicate immunoglobulin levels, if any, are near adult leavel? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which component of the immune system is deficient in people with infections caused by viruses, fungi, or yeast? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immondeficiency virus (HIV)? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The presence of a pathogen on or in the body without tissue invasion. |
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Term
| What is the major cause of death worldwide? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stress induced stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include _________. |
|
Definition
| epinephrine and norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
| One systemic manifestation of an acute imflammatory response is fever that is produced by: |
|
Definition
| exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus. |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of cancer in siti? |
|
Definition
| cells remain localized in glandular or squamous tissue. |
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Term
| After the malignant charge of the original cell, it must undergo ______ population doublings to produce a detectable tumor weighing about 1 gram. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the most common route for distant metastasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an effect of the sympathetic nervous system? |
|
Definition
| increases blood sugar levels. |
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|
Term
| ______ pain is a warning of actual or impending tissue injury. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Pain ________ is the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before outwardly responding. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What occurs when one has "pinkeye"? |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the conjunctiva |
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|
Term
| Clinical manifestation of Parkinson disease are caused by a defecit of which neurotransmitter? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Diagnostic criteria for vegatative states include: |
|
Definition
| return of autonomic functions, i.e. gastrointestinal function. |
|
|
Term
| Why is edema of the upper cervical spinal cord after cord injury life threatening? |
|
Definition
| because of apnea from impairment of the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| What complication is occurring for a person who has a spinal cord injury above T6 and who is experiencing paroxysmal hypertension and has piloerection and sweating above the spinal cord lesion? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which vascular malformation is characterized by arteries that feed directly into veins through vascular tangles of abnormal vessels? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What hormone or electrolyte imbalance slows down the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is characteristic of Guillain-Barre syndrome? |
|
Definition
| it is preceded by a virus |
|
|
Term
| Which are characteristics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? |
|
Definition
| it results in upper and lower motor neuron degeneration. |
|
|
Term
| Which areas of the spinal cord are most easily injured? |
|
Definition
| cervical and lumbar regions |
|
|
Term
| A patient begins having problems with weakness, tiredness, and visual changes. Her diagnosis is multiple sclerosis. Which is the best description of MS? |
|
Definition
| It is a central nervous system demyelination, possibly from an immunogenic virus. |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormones and is inhibited when plasma levels of thyroid hormone are adequate. This is an example of what kinds of hormone regulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is antidiuretic hormone synthesized and where does it act? |
|
Definition
| synthesized in the hypothalamus, acts in renal collecting ducts. |
|
|
Term
| When palpating the neck of a patient with Graves disease, what would the nurse expect to find? |
|
Definition
| diffuse thyroid enlargement. |
|
|
Term
| What is not a type of cerebrovascular accident? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What group is at highest risk for spinal cord injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of an exogenous antigen? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The male and female genital organs are homologous before 8 weeks gestation. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Production of sperm begins during fetal life. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At puberty the uterus moves down from the abdomen to the lower pelvis between the bladder and the rectom. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Estrogen is needed for closure of long bones after the growth spurt in puberty. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Prevention of constipation and treatment of chronic cough may help prevent uterine prolapse . |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In a person with endrometriosis, endometrial tissue is sometimes found in the lungs. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Serum is plasma that has been altered in the laboratory to remove fibrinogen and other elements which are unnecessary to the sample. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Erythrocytes and platelet lack nuclei. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Aging causes major changes in blood composition. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anemia of a chronic disease is initially normochromic and normocytic, but as the disease progresses usually becomes hypochromic and microcytic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A shift to the left describes the premature release of immature neutrophils when the demand for mature neutrophils exceeds the demand. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Arterial thrombi are composed of erythrocytes with larger amounts of fibrin and very few platelets, whereas venous thrombi are composed of mostly platelets held together by fibrin strands. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Blood within the atria and ventricles does not supply oxygen to the cells of the heart. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The sinoatrial node must be stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system in order to produce an action potential. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Veins are less compliant then arteries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Although the heart is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, neural impulses are not needed to maintain the cardiac cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Athersclerosis is an inflammatory disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decreasing low density lipoproteins (LDL) can cause regression of atherosclerotic lesions and improve endothelial function. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Even though air is lighter than blood, it can form and embolism and cause occlusion of a blood vessel. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reynaud disease is characterized by vasospasms of large peripheral arteries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Angina pectoris is caused by myocardial ischemia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mitral valve prolapse may be asymptomatic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Somogyi effect makes regulation of insulin dosing difficult. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The only complication of type 1 diabetis is diabetic neuropathy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polycythemia is a disease causing reduction in the number of circulating blood cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One complication of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura is occlusion of capillaries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Precapillary sphincters help to regulate the flow of oxygenated blood through capillaries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common cause of deep vein thrombosis is immobility. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary dysmenorrhea occurs in the presence of pelvic disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vulvitis is a form of dermatitis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sexual anorexia may be a manifestation of medication. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eighty percent of men over 80 years of age experience benign prostatic hypertrophy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gynecomastia is inappropriate lactation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary cells of the immune response are lymphocytes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The active portion of bone marrow is yellow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ are a pair of glands that lie posterior to the urinary bladder in a male. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a normal characteristic of aging in the male reproductive system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical manifestation in a female patient include irregular or heavy bleeding, passage of large clots, and depletion of iron stores. The patient is experiencing: |
|
Definition
| dysfunctional uterine bleeding |
|
|
Term
| What description is given when all or most of the cervical endothelium shows cellular features of carcinoma, but underlying tissue is not affected? |
|
Definition
| cervical carcinoma in siti |
|
|
Term
| What process occurs when columnar epithelium is replaced by squamous epithelium in the transformation zone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is a condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cells that destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus cells without prior exposure are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are mature erythrocyes removed from the bloodstream? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major physiological manifestation of anemia is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the body compensate for anemia? |
|
Definition
| increased rate and depth of breathing |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for polycythemia includes: |
|
Definition
| theraputic phlebotomy and radioactive phosphorus. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most significant cause of thrombus formation? |
|
Definition
| epithelial injury to blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| What is the most significant cause of thrombus formation? |
|
Definition
| epithelial injury to blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Which cardiac chamber has the thinnest wall and why? |
|
Definition
| The right and left atria because they are low pressure chambers that serve as storage units for blood. |
|
|
Term
| Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the papillary muscle? |
|
Definition
| to prevent backward expulsion from the atrioventricular valves. |
|
|
Term
| Oxygenated blood flows through the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during myocardial infarction would interrupt blood supply to which part of the heart? |
|
Definition
| to the left atrium and lateral wall of the left ventricle. |
|
|
Term
| The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the SA node because: |
|
Definition
| it depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart. |
|
|
Term
| What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli? |
|
Definition
|
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