Term
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Definition
| brain neoplasms, space occupying lesions |
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Term
| When does a complete union and ossicification of compound bones of the head occur? |
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Definition
| during first year of life |
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Term
| name the layers starting with the skull-->brain |
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Definition
| epidural space; dura; subdural space; arachnoid membrane; SA space containing CSF; parenchyma of brain |
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Term
| What does the SA normally hold? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does it hold in Pathological conditions? |
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Definition
| blood from an SA hemm from the Circle of W.; puss from a leptomeningitis infection; or neoplastic tissue |
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Term
| Why does it take longer for increased ICP symptoms to occur in older people? |
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Definition
| atrophy of brain barenchyma results in an increase of Intraventricular, SA, and subdural spaces--so larger volumes of PATH cells and tissues may accumulate before increased ICP. |
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Term
| What compartments are most affected by increased ICP |
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Definition
| SA space; ventricles; veins; arteries |
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Term
| What are the 3 principle sites of internal hemm? |
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Definition
| space under falx and over corpus callosum; midbrain herniations; foramen magnum |
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Term
|
Definition
| the free edge of the tenorium compresses and forms a groove on the herniated Temporal lobe at the site of the lesion |
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Term
| What are midbrain herniations associated with? |
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Definition
| they are life-threatening conditions associated with deep coma and loss of pupillary reflexes. |
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Term
| what are herniations of the lower medulla throu the FM associated with? |
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Definition
| sever ischemia and Hemm withint medulla--complressing reticular formation in midbrain, or the nulcei of respiration in medulla |
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Term
| What are seizures signs of? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When do seizures occur, in relationship to neoplasms? |
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Definition
| Early phases of neoplastic growth. |
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Term
| Are there protiens in the BBB? |
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Definition
| No--protien free environment |
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Term
| Plasma vs CSF for K, Ca, Cl? |
|
Definition
| CSF is lower in K, Ca, and glucose, higher in Cl |
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Term
| Why is maintaining an internal mileau critical? |
|
Definition
| for the proper function of the excitable membranes of neurons and glia |
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Term
| How does the BBB prevent meds from working?q |
|
Definition
| tight juncitons prevent from entiering CNS |
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Term
| How do meds actually get passed through? |
|
Definition
| they must be taken up by endothelial cells by endocytosis, then transcytosis/excocytosis |
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Term
| What's wrong with Transcytosis as a manner for transportation for drugs?q |
|
Definition
| too slow--ineffiecent delivery |
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Term
| How/when can you bipass BBB? |
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Definition
| when molecules are introduced directly into the SA space, when endothelial cells are damaged and the tight junction between endo cells are separated. |
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Term
| What does brain edema cause? |
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Definition
| indirect, poss reversible, functioning |
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Term
| Why do protein rich fluids in the extracellular space of the CNS paranchema accumulate? |
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Definition
| neovascularization/tumor induced angiogenesis |
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Term
| What do embolisms of infected/noninfected thrombi do? |
|
Definition
| cause blood vessel damage, and initiate the production of edema |
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|
Term
| Where does edema primarily occur? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How are pappilademas caused? |
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Definition
| raised pressure of CSF is transmitted to the fluid within the sheath of the optic nerve. This eventually interferes with the venous return of the retina |
|
|
Term
| what are the 6 signs and symptoms of increased ICP? |
|
Definition
| epileptiform fits, mental changes, pailledema, vomiting, positional headaches, headaches |
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Term
| What is the most malignant glial neoplasm? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which neoplams are associated with shortest life spans? |
|
Definition
| glioblastoma, metastatic neoplasms |
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Term
|
Definition
| characteristic of meningiomas |
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Term
|
Definition
| astrocytes and ependymal cells |
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