Term
| What would call the macrophage, or Antigen presenting cell of the cornea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common natureal flora of the eyelid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major difference in the cell wall that causes the gram positive bacteria to stain purple? |
|
Definition
| the thick peptidoglycan layer |
|
|
Term
| What process results from capillary dilation and immune cells being directed to the infection site? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the body trying to accomplish by the inflammation process? |
|
Definition
| contain the infection to the site of entry |
|
|
Term
| What does the period of convalesence refer to in the clinical course of infection? |
|
Definition
| The patient being sick for a while |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for a pathogen growing massively within the host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you call a site where mucus membranes meet the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the sweat glands use a mixture of that inhibits many microbes on the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do the normal flora suppress potential pathogen growth? |
|
Definition
| competition for nutrients |
|
|
Term
| Why do pathogens in the small intestine have little to feed on in the small intestine despite the abundance of nutrients present? |
|
Definition
| the effiency of the adsorption system |
|
|
Term
| Why do the bacteria of the large intestine rarely do us harm? |
|
Definition
| A protective mucous layer separates the contents of the large intestine from the large intestines cells |
|
|
Term
| What percent of the feces are bacteria by weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the bodies main defense against cytoplasmic bugs? |
|
Definition
cytotoxic T cells
NK cells
T cell dependent macrophage activation |
|
|
Term
| What is the bodies main defense against vesicular pathogens? |
|
Definition
| T cell and NK cell depedent macrophage activation |
|
|
Term
| What is the bodies main defense against vesicular pathogens? |
|
Definition
| T cell and NK cell depedent macrophage activation |
|
|
Term
| What is the bodies main defense against pathogens in the interstitial spaces? |
|
Definition
| Antibodies, complement, phagocytosis, neutralization |
|
|
Term
| What is the bodies main defense against pathogens on the epithelial surface? |
|
Definition
Antibodies (especially vitamin A)
inflammatory cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the bodies main defense against pathogens on the epithelial surface? |
|
Definition
Antibodies (especially vitamin A)
inflammatory cells |
|
|
Term
| What type of cells provide a second line of defense by consuming invaders and secreting cytokines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you call a monocyte that leaves the blood and goes into the tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do phagocytes kill other cells? |
|
Definition
| fusion with lysosome-like granules containing, lowered pH, peroxide, and enzymes |
|
|
Term
| What are three antibody mediated defenses or humoral factors? |
|
Definition
BOA
1. Bacteriolytic enzymes-can lyse gram negative bacteris
2. Opsonizing antibodies-coat the cells surface and enhance phagocytosis (Fc receptors)
3. Antitoxins-specific antibodies that bind to certain exotoxins |
|
|
Term
| What are three cell mediated factors? |
|
Definition
1. K and NK cells
2. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
3. Activated macrophages |
|
|
Term
| How does the body seal off an area during an inflammation response? |
|
Definition
1. dilation of blood vessels
2. formation of clots |
|
|
Term
| What do you call a normal flora organism that is not pathogenic but becomes pathogenic after it is innoculated in the wrong place or the host becomes weakened and immunocompromised? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a possible consequence of E coli infection of the urinary tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four bacterial virulence factors? |
|
Definition
A TIA
1. adherence
2. invasive factors
3. toxins
4. anti-phagocytic factors |
|
|
Term
| What do you call the hairlike appendages that extend from the bacterial surface that usually allow the bacteria to attach to the mucus membranes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme enables the staphylococcus enzyme to clot plasma and thereby form a sticky coat of fibrin around the bacteria for protection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common enzyme associated with invasveness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme is also called fibrinolysin? It dissolves the fibrin clot that surrounds a wound. It can be used to treat stroke. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme enables the staph, strep,clostridia, or pneumonococi to spread through the connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme is secreted by clostridia and breaks down connective tissue causing gangrene? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of toxins are non antigenic, relatively stable and a lipopolysaccharide is released after autolysis? What kind of bacteria release them? |
|
Definition
| endotoxins of Gram - bacteria or pseudo |
|
|
Term
| What are the highly secreted toxic proteins that are antigenic and heat labile? What produces them? |
|
Definition
| exotoxins, gram + bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What kind of toxins are an integral part of the cell wall of gram - bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of toxins are characterized by the target organ they effect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does botulinum toxin effect the nervous system? |
|
Definition
| It stops the vessicles of acetylcholine from being secreted by the presynaptic neuron. Acetylcholine is produced and packaged in vesicles, but the vessicles are never released into the synaptic cleft. |
|
|
Term
| Which type of toxin stimulates the macrophages to release tumor necrosis factor producing fever and shock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| While the leukocidin enzyme is produced by both staph and strep, the hemolysin is produced only by _____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme produced by clostridium infrengens destroys the cell membrane of red blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bacteria produces coagulase and is hemolytic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do bacteria with capsules require to be phagocytosed? |
|
Definition
|
|
