Term
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Definition
| What are the Two Main Types of Peptic Ulcers? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the most common type of peptic ulcer? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the most common age range for duodenal peptic ulcers? What about gastric ulcers? |
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Term
Pain (100%)
Intermittent (“heartburn” type)
Chronic, boring pain with deep ulcers |
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Definition
| What do 100% of peptic ulcer patients experience? |
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Term
Helicobacter pylori
Its a gram negative bacillus
FAILURE TO ERADICATE H. PYLORI RESULTS IN VERY HIGH PEPTIC ULCER RECURRENCE RATE
Also ulcers can be caused by excess acid production or low mucosal production |
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Definition
| What is the main cause of peptic ulcers? |
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Term
H-2 Receptor antagonists
Proton pump inhibitors |
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Definition
| How do you reduce acid production in the stomach? |
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Term
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
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Definition
A disorder associated with frequent passage of gastric acid into to esophagus
Represents failure of the lower esophageal sphincter |
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Term
| ESOPHAGEAL PAIN (HEARTBURN) |
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Definition
| WHAT IS THE MAIN SYMPTOM OF GERD? |
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Term
| ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA |
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Definition
| WHAT IS THE MAIN GERD ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY? |
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Term
Chronic helicobacter pylori infection
Smoking
Diet high in nitrates, low in vitamin C |
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Definition
| What are the risk factors of gastric cancer? |
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Term
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Definition
| WHAT ARE THE EARLY STAGE SYMPTOMS OF GASTRIC CANCER? |
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Term
Upper abdominal discomfort/pain
Anorexia, weight loss, nausea
Anemia due to iron deficiency |
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Definition
| What are the later symptoms of gastric cancer? |
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Term
| Endoscopy -(EGD - esophagogastroduodenoscopy) |
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Definition
| How do you diagnose gastric cancer? |
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Term
Surgical excision: gastrectomy
Only possible for about 30% of patients
Chemotherapy |
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Definition
| How do you treat gastric cancer? |
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Term
Squamous cell (most common)
Adenocarcinoma |
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Definition
| What are the two tissue types of esophageal cancer? |
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Term
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Definition
| WHAT IS THE MAIN SYMPTOM OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER? |
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Term
Cigarette smoking (especially for squamous cell)
Obesity
GERD (adenocarcinoma)
Barrett’s esophagus |
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Definition
| What are the risk factors for esophageal cancer? |
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Term
| ENDOSCOPY (EGD) AND BIOPSY |
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Definition
| WHAT IS THE MAIN METHOD OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER DIAGNOSIS? |
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Term
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Definition
| Acute inflammation of the liver |
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Term
|
Definition
| WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON HEPATITIS VIRUSES? |
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Term
| USUALLY MILD, DOES NOT LEAD TO CHRONIC INFECTION OR CHRONIC LIVER DAMAGE |
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Definition
| WHAT IS THE SEVERITY OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS? |
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Term
| USUALLY THE SAME AS A, BUT CAN LEAD TO CHRONIC INFECTION |
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Definition
| WHAT IS THE SEVERITY OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS? |
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Term
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Definition
| WHAT IS THE CIRRHOSIS RISK WITH CHRONIC INFECTION OF LIVER? |
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Term
| ACUTE INFECTION CAN BE SIMILAR TO HEP A, BUT CHRONIC INFECTION IS A COMMON COMPLICATION |
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Definition
| WHAT IS THE SEVERITY OF HEPATITIS C? |
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Term
|
Definition
| CAN HEPATITIS C BE CURED? |
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Term
| Cirrhosis (Chronic Hepatic Failure) |
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Definition
| Irreversible inflammatory disease that disrupts liver function and even structure |
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Term
Alcoholic
Biliary
Infectious |
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Definition
| What are the three liver failure types? |
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Term
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Definition
| an alkaline, bitter-tasting, yellowish green fluid that contains bile salts, cholesterol, bilirubin, electrolytes, and water |
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Term
Chronic right upper quadrant pain/discomfort
Jaundice (elevated bilirubin levels)
Edema (ascites, pleural effusions) |
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Definition
| What are the symptoms of cirrhosis? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Another word for Gallstones? |
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Term
| “Female, forty, fat & fertile” |
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Definition
| What are the risk factors for gallstones? |
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Term
Usually asymptomatic
10 – 25% develop episodic biliary pain:
RUQ pain, often beginning at night
Often associated with consumption of a high-fat meal
Lasts 30 minutes to many hours |
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Definition
| What are the symptoms of gallstones? |
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Term
|
Definition
Biliary pain associated with:
Nausea & vomiting
Fever
Leukocytosis
Jaundice (in about 25%) |
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Term
Ductal occlusion
Usually by a gallstone
Results in ischemia
Then perforation or rupture
Followed by:
Abscess, peritonitis, death |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Leukocytosis, elevated bilirubin, elevated liver enzymes |
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Definition
| What would a laboratory find with cholecystitis? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Acute or chronic inflammation of exocrine pancreas |
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Term
|
Definition
| WHAT IS THE MAIN SYMPTOM OF PANCREATITIS? |
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Term
Elevated levels of pancreatic enzymes
Lipase & amylase (at least 3X upper limits of normal)
Fever, leukocytosis
CT imaging
Enlarged pancreas |
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Definition
| How do you diagnose pancreatitis? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Recurrent acute episodes of pancreatitis or chronic pain from ongoing low-level inflammation |
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Term
Smoking
Chronic pancreatitis
Obesity
Long term diabetes |
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Definition
| What are the risk factors of pancreatic cancer? |
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Term
|
Definition
| WHAT ARE THE EARLY SYMPTOMS OF PANCREATIC CANCER? |
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Term
Mid-abdominal pain
“Gnawing”, “visceral”
May radiate to the back
Weight loss next most common
Jaundice
Due to biliary tract occlusion |
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Definition
| What are the later symptoms of pancreatic cancer? |
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Term
| Very poor, worst kind of cancer to get |
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Definition
| What is the prognosis of pancreatic cancer? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix |
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Term
|
Definition
| WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON ABDOMINAL SURGICAL EMERGENCY? |
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Term
|
Definition
| WHAT IS THE MAIN SYMPTOM OF APPENDICITIS? |
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Term
Dietary factors
Increase risk with high fat & meat, low fiber
HPV for rectal cancer
Inflammatory bowel disease
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis |
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Definition
| What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer? |
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Term
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
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Definition
| Chronic & idiopathic inflammation of the intestinal tract |
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Term
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn's disease |
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Definition
| What are the two clinical forms of inflammatory bowel disease? |
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Term
| DIARRHEA, CRAMPING PAIN, RECTAL BLEEDING, PASSAGE OF MUCUS |
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Definition
| SYMPTOMS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS |
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Term
| RECURRENT EPISODES OF RLQ ABDOMINAL PAIN |
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Definition
| SYMPTOMS OF CROHN'S DISEASE? |
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