Term
Steroids (glucocorticoids/corticosteroids)
Immunosuppressive Drugs
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs |
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Definition
| Drugs that can reduce auto-immune related inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| What are the mediators of the inflammatory response? |
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Term
Inhibit action of cyclooxygenase (COX) which…
Results in lower tissue levels of prostaglandins
Hence, another term for NSAIDs is…
COX inhibitors*** |
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Definition
| Main NSAID Mode of Action |
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Term
All antipyretic (fever reducer)
All analgesic (pain killer)
All anti-inflammatory |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A group of different conditions characterized by inflammatory damage to various joints of the body |
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Term
Auto-immune arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Crystal deposition arthritis
Infectious arthritis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Female to male ratio of Rheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
| Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) |
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Definition
| chronic and systemic inflammation of the synovial membranes of multiple joints |
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Term
| Hands (MP and PIP, but not DIP) and knees*** |
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Definition
| What are the two areas most often involved with Rheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
| Early morning stiffness lasting an hour or more |
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Definition
| What is a hallmark of ongoing RA inflammation? |
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Term
New drugs (DMARDs)
New strategy:
Early intervention
Aggressive treatment |
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Definition
| Why is their newfound optimism for RA treatment? |
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Term
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
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Definition
auto-immune mediated disorder that can cause arthritis
Antibodies are initially directed against DNA/protein complexes |
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Term
Initial onset similar to RA with Fatigue, malaise, weight loss, intermittent fever
Later, polyarthritis (60%)
Hemolytic anemia (70%)
Renal disease (30-50%) |
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Definition
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Symptoms |
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Term
Malar rash
“Butterfly rash”
Present in 50 – 65% |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| THE most common cause of disability in the U.S. |
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Term
“Wear and tear” is involved but…
Key feature may be protein changes in cartilage linked to cytokines (esp. interleukins) |
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Definition
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Term
| Hips and spine are involved |
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Definition
| Main difference of Osteoarthritis compared to rheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
Steroids (glucocorticoids)
"Cortisone shot) |
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Definition
| What do you inject into a joint? |
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Term
| Gout (Crystal deposition arthritis) |
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Definition
| Arthritis Disorder of uric acid metabolism |
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Term
Hyperuricemia in all with gout
Not all with hyperuricemia will have gout |
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Definition
| Describe hyperuricemia and gout |
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Term
| Intravenous drug abusers*** |
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Definition
| What group of people are more likely to develop Hematogenous Septic Arthritis? |
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Term
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Definition
A group of inherited disorders
All are progressive
All produce muscle weakness
Some also cause pain |
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Term
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy |
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Definition
Most common form of muscular dystrophy
Incidence: 30 per 100,000 live births
X-linked recessive mode of transmission |
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Term
Loss of muscle strength is slow but relentlessly progressive
Death from pulmonary infections is possible beginning in the late teens
Survival past age 30 is rare
Death is most often due to respiratory failure or pneumonia |
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Definition
| Prognosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy |
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Term
Primary
Secondary (metastatic) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Malignancy arising in the bone marrow
Most common form of primary bone cancer
Derived from a single plasma cell
Produces larges amounts of antibody |
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Term
bone pain
Typically in the back and ribs
Worse with movement, better at rest |
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Definition
| Most common symptom in Multiple Myeloma |
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Term
Bone Pain
Gradual bone marrow failure
"punched out' bone lesions in imaging |
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Definition
| Clinical features of multiple myeloma |
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Term
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Definition
| Second most common primary bone cancer but overall a rare cancer |
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Term
Usually begins in a long bone:
Femur, tibia, humerus
Presenting complaint:
Bone pain
Pathologic fracture
Can metastasize early
To other bones
To the lung |
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Definition
| Clinical Features of Osteosarcoma |
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Term
| “sunburst lesion” or Codman Triangle |
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Definition
| Xray may show what in osteosarcoma? |
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Term
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Definition
Characterized by one or more bony lesions with:
High bone turnover and…
Disorganized osteoid formation |
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Term
Can be limited to one bone (monostotic) or multiple bones (polyostotic)
Common sites: skull, femur, tibia, pelvis, humerus
Symptoms:
None or…
Bone pain and/or…
Deafness…
Pathologic fractures |
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Definition
| Clinical Features of Paget’s Disease of Bone |
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Term
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Definition
Genetic disorder of collagen production
Insufficient collagen or abnormal collagen |
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Term
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Definition
| How many types of Osteogenesis Imperfecta are there? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the most common and mildest type of Osteogenesis Imperfecta? |
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Term
| Type I Osteogenesis Imperfecta |
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Definition
Gene mutation results in normal but insufficient collagen quantity
Bones fracture easily
Blue color to the sclera
Loose joints and poor muscle tone
Some children with early hearing loss |
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Term
| Type III Osteogenesis Imperfecta |
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Definition
Gene defect results in poor quality collagen
Bones fracture easily, even before birth
Bone deformities (often severe) common
Spinal deformities common
Short stature due to fractures
Blue sclera, loose joints, poor muscle tone
Hearing loss in some children |
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Term
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Definition
Demineralization of bone
Loss of calcium
Osteoclastic activity dominates over osteoblastic efforts
Bone matrix remains normal |
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Term
| Main resulting problem is loss of bone strength and susceptibility to fracture*** |
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Definition
| Main problem of Osteoporosis |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the most common cause of osteoporosis? |
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Term
Binds to estrogen receptors in bone
Reduces osteoclastic activity
Estrogen replacement is known to:
Increase bone mass
Reduce fracture rates |
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Definition
| Estrogen Effects on bones |
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Term
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Definition
“Muscle pain”
Painful muscle or muscle groups |
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Term
Widespread pain for >3 months
In all “four quadrants” which means…
Both sides of the body and both above & below the waist
Trigger/tender points |
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Definition
| Key clinical features of Fibromyalgia |
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Term
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Definition
Fibromyalgia Proposes genetic defect in CNS pain signaling and processing mechanisms involving…
Cytokines and…
Neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
Pain & stiffness of shoulder & pelvic muscles
Trouble combing hair
Difficult to rise up from chair
Due to pain, not muscle weakness |
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Term
| Should respond very quickly to prednisone!*** |
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Definition
| Etiology & Treatment of PR |
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Term
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Definition
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