Term
| Three types of capillaries |
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Definition
| Continuous, Fenestrated, and Sinusoidal |
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Term
Capillaries that have no gaps between endothelial cells
less permeable to large molecules than other capillaries
located in the nervous system and muscle |
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Definition
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Term
Capillaries that have endothelial cells with small pores
highly permeable
located in intestinal villi, ciliary process of the eye, choroid plexus of the CNS, and the glomeruli in the kidney |
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Definition
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Term
Capillaries that are the largest in diameter than the other two
larger pores than the others
occur in endocrine glands where large molecules must cross capillary wall |
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Definition
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Term
| Substances cross capillary walls by: |
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Definition
| diffusing through endothelial cells, fenestrae, and crossing between endothelial cells |
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Term
| What kinds of molecules diffuse though the capillary membranes? |
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Definition
| lipid soluble and small water soluble molecules |
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Term
| How do large substances pass through the capillary membrane? |
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Definition
| by fenestrae or gaps between the endothelial cells |
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Term
| What does not readily pass through capillary walls? |
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Definition
| RBCs and large water soluble molecules (Proteins) |
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Term
| Where are capillary networks the most numerous and extensive? |
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Definition
| in highly metabolic tissues like the lung, kidneys, liver, and skeletal and cardiac muscles |
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Term
| What do the capillary networks in skin function as? |
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Definition
| heat loss and thermoregulation |
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Term
| What are the capillary networks in muscle responsible for? |
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Definition
| nutrient and waste product exchange |
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Term
| Why do veins have valves? |
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Definition
| do not have smooth muscle to move the blood so function to keep the blood from flowing back |
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Term
| What are most blood vessels innervated by? |
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Definition
| unmyelinated sympathetic nerve fibers |
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Term
| What are the nerves in the penis and clitoris innervated by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What blood vessels have the greatest innervation? |
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Definition
| arterioles and small arteries |
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Term
| What do lymphatic vessels do? |
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Definition
| carries fluid away from tissues |
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Term
| What are lymphatic vessel's cells made of? |
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Definition
| simple squamous epithelium which are attached loosely and slightly overlay each other |
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Term
| What tissues are lymph vessels NOT located? |
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Definition
| CNS, bone marrow, and non vascular tissue (cartilage, epidermis, cornea) |
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Term
| Compression of the lymphatic vessels moves the lymph? What is this compression due to? |
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Definition
| contraction of skeletal muscles, contraction of smooth muscles of the lymph vessels, and changes in the thoracic pressure during respiration |
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Term
| What do lymph nodes function as? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when laminar flow (normal flow) becomes interrupted |
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Term
| what causes the turbulent flow? |
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Definition
| constriction, branch , or rough surface |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of force exerted by blood against a vessel wall |
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Term
| What are the ways to measure blood pressure? |
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Definition
| Cannula (direct, very painful, right in artery) and ausculatory (indirect, what we mostly use) |
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Term
| Where is most of the blood volume? |
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Definition
in veins, referred to as capacity vessel cause they can dilate
arteries = restriction vessels |
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Term
| what controls blood flow to each region of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What regulates local blood flow through tissues? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between systolic and diastolic |
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Term
| What are the two major factors affect pulse pressure? |
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Definition
| stroke volume and vascular compliance |
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Term
| What can pulse be used to monitor? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what does a weak pulse indicate? |
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Definition
| decreased stroke volume or increased arterial constriction |
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Term
| What is capillary exchange? |
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Definition
| major process of nutrient and wast product exchange through diffusion |
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Term
| At the arterial end of the capillaries in the interstitial space, what causes the fluid to move from the capillary? |
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Definition
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Term
| What force moves fluid into the capillary? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the concentration of small molecules interstitial fluid and blood? concentration of proteins? |
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Definition
| same: less in interstitial fluid because size of proteins |
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Term
| What is blood colloid osmotic pressure? |
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Definition
| pressure produced by plasma proteins |
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Term
| What is the relationship of blood colloid osmotic pressure between the blood and interstitial fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
| At the arterial end of the capillary, what forces are moving the fluid out of the capillary? |
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Definition
| blood pressure and negative pressure in the interstitial space |
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Term
| What is the net movement of fluid at the arterial end? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effect does the increase in osmotic pressure have at the venous end? |
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Definition
| a net movement of fluid into the capillaries |
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Term
| What percentage of fluid leaves the arterial and reenters at the venous end? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of fluid enter the lymphatic vessels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the dilation of the precapillary sphincter cause? |
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Definition
| increase in pressure that forces fluid into the interstitial space |
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Term
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Definition
| how much blood is returning back to the heart |
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Term
| How does vasodilation affect preload? severe dilation? |
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Definition
| more preload; less preload, too much dilation blood just stays |
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Term
| What are capillary structure primarily regulated by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are vasodilator substances? |
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Definition
carbon dioxide, lactic acid, adenosine, AMP, ADP, EDFR, potassium ions, hydrogen ions
produced as rate of metabolism increases |
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Term
| What are the functional characteristics of a capillary bed? |
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Definition
lack of nutrients serves as role to regulate local flow
lack of oxygen and other nutrients result in relaxation of smooth muscle cells of precapillary sphincters |
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Term
| Why do we have cyclic flow through capillaries? |
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Definition
you need enough time for nutrients to be released and waste products picked up
which is due to the periodic contraction/dilation of precapillary sphincters called vasomotion |
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Term
| What happens to the capillaries long term if the metabolic activity increases? |
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Definition
| diameter and number of capillaries increases |
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Term
| Capillary exchange can also result from what two processes? |
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Definition
| cyclic dilation and constriction of precapillary sphincter |
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Term
| What does the dilation of the precapillary sphincter cause? |
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Definition
| increase in pressure that forces fluid into the interstitial space |
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Term
| What does blood flow function in the kidneys as? |
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Definition
| to regulate water balance, pH, and eliminate waste products |
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Term
| What does blood flow in the liver function as? |
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Definition
| delivers nutrients from small intestine for metabolism |
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