Term
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Definition
| may be located on plasma membrane or in intracellular compartment of target cell |
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Term
| lipid-soluble hormone receptors |
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Definition
steroid hormonesl, thyroid hormones, vitamin D, and retinoid
cross lipid plasma membrane by diffusion and bind to receptor molecules in cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| originate within the target gland responsible for producing the hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| shows target gland is essentially normal, but function is altered by defective levels of stimulating hormones or releasing factors from the hypothalamic-pituitary system |
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Term
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Definition
| destroys the pituitary by compression |
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Term
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Definition
eosinophilic adenoma associated with acromegaly and postpartum pituitary necrosis from intraportal blood loss and hypotensive shock
tumor arising from the cell rests derived from the infundibulum of the hypophysis or Rathke's pouch |
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Term
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Definition
| insufficiency of ADH with polyuria and polydipsia |
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Term
| What's thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) produced by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's TRH control the release of? |
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Definition
| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) |
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Term
| Where's TSH released from? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increase in size of thyroid gland |
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Term
| What's low serum of calcium cause? |
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Definition
| increase meuromuscular excitabilty, tetany, carpal and pedal spasm, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, anxiety, circumoral and acral paresthesias, EKG changes, and seizures |
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Term
| What's hypercalcemia cause? |
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Definition
anorexia, nausea and vomiting, weakness and lethargy, muscle hypotonia and hyporeflexia, and constipation
High serum calcium can lead to poluria and polydipsia from lesions in the nephron, and causes deposits of calcium and phosphate in blood vessels, joints, cornea, kidney, and gastric mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
| increases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphate |
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Term
| calcitonin (produced in thyroid) |
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Definition
| lowers serum calcium and lowers phosphate |
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Term
| 1,25-dehydroxycholecalciferol (synthesized in kidney) |
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Definition
| becomes vitamin D and stimulates the active absorption of calcium by mucosa of the small intestine and mobilizes calium from bone |
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Term
| What's the breakdown of glycogen controlled by? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where's epinephrine more effective? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where's glucagon more responsive? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
involves a genetic deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase (needed to remove phosphorus from glucose molecule)
children have stunted growth, liver enlargement, hypoglycemia, and hyperlipidemia due to mobilization of fatty acids |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by deficiency in skeletal muscle glycogen and causes extreme muscle weakness |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
converts amino acids, lactate, and glycerol into glucose
most occurs in liver |
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Term
| What hormones stimulate gluconeogensis? |
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Definition
| glucagon, glucocorticoid hormones from adrenal cortex, and thyroid hormone |
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Term
| Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1 |
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Definition
Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
individuals requires insulin b/c production is virtually absent and pancreatic beta cells are unresponsive to drugs that stimulate insulin production from normal beta cells |
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Term
| Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 |
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Definition
Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
primarily adult disorder, but is being seen more in juveniles
related to eating habits and being obese
can be treated with drugs and diet change |
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