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| intricate and dynamic concept -different meanings depending on context |
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| Contexts of Leisure’s meaning. |
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| found in the humanities, history, and today’s connotations. |
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| meaning of leisure in humanities |
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| ideas portrayed through story, song, or picture. |
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| meanings of leisure in history |
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| beginning w/ human culture -part of everyday life- legacies that encore today |
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| understanding leisure today |
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| individually and culturally defined but common themes of time, recreational activity and special spirit |
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| the distinct way in which people in different social groups live |
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| process by which cultural understanding is transmitted to new members |
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| The process of enculturation through leisure occurs when |
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| the leisure pursuit is transmitted from one generation to the next |
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| When we consider leisure anthropologically |
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we study how it and human societies are mutually shaped
and
the disciplines of the social sciences, humanities, and biology are involved
and
we are interested in cross-cultural differences |
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| Contrary to the standard view, data by Sahlins suggest that prehistoric people |
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| : both had abundant free time and spent it relaxing and were comparatively free from the pressures of material possessions |
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| Acculturation is the same anthropological process as enculturation. |
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| Within the past several decades tourism has been used as part of economic development strategies in many countries. |
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| the belief that one's own culture is superior to others |
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| Characteristics of culture include |
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| Cultural change through leisure occurs from |
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A.innovation
B. diffusion
C. acculturation |
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| a breakdown of old certainties and standards due to modernity |
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| Leisure in technological cultures is equated with materialism and consumerism. |
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| Research has found that crowding is a perception based on geographical patterns. |
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| Increases in distance that bring about decreases in most forms of leisure behavior is |
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| the most efficient use of natural resources over the long term |
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| Crowding in leisure places is in part determined by the personal characteristics of the visitors. |
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| Leisure's distribution in space differs according to |
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A. density
B. concentration
C. pattern |
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| Place attachment in leisure can be motivated by |
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| The park type that requires the least amount of travel time and distance to use is the |
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| Attaching strong sentiment to leisure places comes from our _____ senses |
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A. visual
B. olfactory
C. kinesthetic |
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| both the expansion of low-density development and auto-dependent development |
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| Distance decay is a concept that suggests smells are place related. |
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| Popular culture is characterized as inclusionary. |
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| Popular culture can be characterized as |
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A. specific to age groups
B. trendy
C. commercial |
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| Spectator sport is an example of popular culture only in the United States. |
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| American popular music is pluralistic. |
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| Television as a universal example of popular culture |
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A. is a passive and low concentration activity
B. becomes less rewarding the longer it is viewed
C. has been likened to substance addiction |
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| Television contributes to |
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| the pleasure of scopophilia |
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| In modern industrialized societies popular culture is |
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| In television watching the phenomenon of the orienting response is |
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| an instinctive visual or auditory reaction to any novel stimulus |
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| In the book Amusing Ourselves to Death, Neil Postman argues |
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| popular culture does not merely reflect our culture, but has become our culture c. popular culture is declining in contemporary societies |
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A. are those pastimes forbidden by law, custom, or belief
B. include such examples as gambling and risky health behaviors
C. are complex to determine and explain because leisure is also considered a matter of personal choice |
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| The label 'taboo' can be defined as behavior that is considered wrong by social custom. |
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| . is behavior that violates such cultural norms as laws |
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| Laws against taboo recreation are primarily morally derived. |
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| Prole leisure is the result of leisure boredom |
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| The most common form(s) of vandalism are the ones usually considered the most recreational, such as |
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| both self-expression and thrill vandalism |
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| Gambling and substance abuse are taboo pastimes usually because of an ideational mentality. Ideational mentality means |
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| people believe a behavior is wrong * |
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| The concept of reactive aggression usually describes |
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| violence in sport and an emotional response with harm as a goal |
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| The retreatist explanation for taboo recreation claims |
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| deviance is simply a matter of personal expression * |
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| The concept of leisure boredom |
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| occurs when people feel they cannot escape a meaningless leisure routine * |
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| According to the research of Schor, and Robinson and Godbey, presented in the chapter, free time is |
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Definition
| increasing or decreasing depending on the source of the data * |
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| As the general economic welfare of people increases, life becomes more hectic, and time more scarce. |
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is that pace set by the rhythms of nature
B. has been replaced in industrialized societies by mechanical time
C. is typically in sync with mechanical time |
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| is an expected characteristic of mature economies and is itself a favorite pastime in mature economies |
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A. time perceived as constant and returning
B. considered the time concept of ancient people
C. more in keeping with nature |
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| Downshifting is to simplify one's expectations or commitments especially in work hours. |
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| Economically speaking, leisure expressions reflect a society's |
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economic system
B. level of economic development
C. reliance on consumption as leisure |
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| typically a time famine exists * |
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| Homo faber, translated from Latin, suggests that people are essentially |
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| Linear (or mechanical) time's effect on leisure has led to such problems as time urgency. |
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| Positive economic benefits from leisure include |
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A. income from leisure-related employment
B. the revenues to local, state, and federal governments from taxing leisure pursuits
C. increased worker productivity |
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| Research has shown that circadian rhythms affect the quality of our leisure experiences. |
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| Temporal displacement is the amount of free time available to a culture. |
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| The concept of central life interest |
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| demonstrates that work seems to be weakening as a central interest in life |
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| The cyclical life plan organizes schooling, work, and leisure into a linear path that remains constant across the life span. |
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| The desire and ability to purchase leisure goods and services is decreasing as modern economies suffer more recessions. |
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| can be done with both work and leisure activities and means doing several activities at the same time |
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| Time used for leisure is shaped by |
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A. personal perceptions of free time
B. personal amounts of time
C. a culture's time sufficiency |
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