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| Early people who moved from in search of food and shelter; used simple stone tools and sticks; lived in small bands(groups). no known writing drew on cave walls. |
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| first to understand how to plant crops and feed people. made better tools lived in small villages; built small houses and some temples. |
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| Development of agriculture |
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| nomads settled in one area so plants could be grown each year; understood that plants needed water and developed irrigation and domestication of animals; increased kinds of food plants |
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| a system of watering of plants |
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| Egypt is called the Gift of the Nile-Egypt is in Africa, bordered by the Sahara Desert and Mediterranean Sea. Nile is longest river in world; flows north into Mediterranean Sea; fans out into a delta or rich fertile area- where most of Egypt’s people live |
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| greatest of all the Egyptian pharaohs |
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| River Valley Civilizations |
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| early civilizations developed on major rivers because it gave the people transportation, water, food, a way to grow and irrigate their agriculture, rich fertile soil and natural resources; rivers provided much; were dangerous because of flooding. |
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| Benefits of River civilizations |
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| River civilizations developed trade routes; when they had a surplus ( more food grown than needed) they would sell the food and other items made by artisans (craft people).this brought more contact with other cultures and helped the civilizations to develop strong governments and economic (money) systems |
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| Mesopotamia—River Civilization |
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(modern day Iraq) on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers- known as the Fertile Crescent- Asia
Sumer was the oldest city-state
Sargon was the 1st emperor |
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| writing (made of wedges) in wet clay |
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| temple located in the center of the city and all important things happened there such as school, markets, home of the priest and main god, government was held there and public festivals. |
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| a warrior king of Mesopotamia; he defeated all of Mesopotamia and the Jewish people. He enslaved them and burned their temple; built the gardens of Babylon—a wonder of the ancient world. |
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| Egypt-- River Civilization |
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| on the Nile River ( longest river in the world) Africa |
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| India-- River Civilization |
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| Ganges and Indus Rivers- Known as the Indus Valley civilization close to the Himalaya Mts. Asia |
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| King of Mesopotamia (Sumeria); made many laws (CODE) still used as a model today. |
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