Term
| The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the blood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the capillary blood and the metabolically active tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Boyle's Law If temperature is constant: __________________________________________ |
|
Definition
| Pressure1 X Volume1 = Pressure2 X Volume2 |
|
|
Term
True or False
Expiration is a active process involving the diaphragm external intercostal muscles |
|
Definition
False
Inspiration is an active process involving the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. |
|
|
Term
At rest, the lungs receive ____________ of blood flow
A. 2-4 L/min
B. 3-5 L/min
C. 4-6 L/min
D. 5-7 L/min |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gas exchange between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries occurs across the ______________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If the total atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg, the the partial pressure of nitrogen is _____________.
A. 159.1 mmHg
B. 432.6 mmHg
C. 600.7 mmHg
D. 275.3 mmHg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Exercising muscle requires more oxygen for metabolism; when venous oxygen is depleted, oxygen exchange at the alveoli is facilitated due to an ____________________________. |
|
Definition
| increased pressure gradient |
|
|
Term
The pressure gradient for carbon dioxide exchange is less than for oxygen exchange, but carbon dioxide’s membrane solubility is ______ times greater than oxygen, so CO2 crosses the membrane readily.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________________ ________________________largely determines the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Increased H+ (acidity) and temperature of a muscle favors oxygen unloading in the muscle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name three ways that carbon dioxide is carried in the blood. |
|
Definition
1. as bicarbonate ions
2. Dissolved in blood plasma
3. Bound to hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
| Which gas is transported in the blood bound to hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemoglobin is ___________% saturated with oxygen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________________ is primarily transported as bicarbonate ion in the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
O2 carrying capacity typically does not limit performance. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What do the rates of oxygen delivery and uptake depend on?
A. Oxygen content of the blood
B. Local conditions with the muscle
C. Amount of blood flow
D. A & B
E. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Chemoreceptors and Hypothalamic input play a role in the regulation of pulmonary ventilation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cardiovascular drift is:
A. increase in SV and decrease in HR
B. decrease in SV and increase in HR
C. increase in SV and increase in HR
D. decrease in SV and decrease in HR |
|
Definition
| B. decrease in SV and increase in HR |
|
|
Term
| A decreased availabilty of oxygen to the tissues is known as _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 factors that determine SV. |
|
Definition
1. The volume of venous blood returned to the heart (preload)
2. Ventricular distensibility 3
. Ventricular contractility
4. Aortic or pulmonary artery pressure (afterload) |
|
|
Term
| An increased volume of blood enters the ventricle (preload), causing it to stretch, and consequently it contracts with more force is referred to as the ______________________ ______________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is false?
A. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increases substantially during dynamic exercise
B. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) increases in proportion to exercise intensity
C. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) changes significantly during dynamic exercise and may decrease
D. Increased MAP facilitates the increase in blood flow which aids in substrate delivery to working muscles |
|
Definition
| C. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) does not change significantly during dynamic exercise and may decrease |
|
|
Term
Oxygen content in arterial blood = ______________ per 100 ml of blood.
A. 24 ml
B. 20 ml
C. 14 ml
D. 6 ml |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
There is a 10-15% reduction in plasma volume with prolonged exercise. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary ventilation returns to normal at a _________________ rate when exercise ceases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Valsalva maneuver is a breathing technique where air is trapped in the lungs against a closed glottis, and ______________________ and _____________________ pressure are increased. |
|
Definition
| intra-abdominal intrathoracic |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for: shortness of breath, most often associated with poor conditions , is caused by inability to readjust the blood PCO2 and H+ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ratio between VE and VO2 in a given amount of time is known as: _____________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________________________ ___________________is the point during exercise when ventilation increases disproportionately to oxygen consumption. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory muscles consume ____________% of oxygen consumed during heavy exercise and can receive up to _____________% if cardiac output. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary ventilation may limit performance in some highly trained athletes due to ___________________________ _____________ _________________. |
|
Definition
| exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia |
|
|
Term
True or False
An H+ concentration above normal (low pH) is referred to as acidosis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 things that regulate pH levels. |
|
Definition
1. Chemical buffers in the blood
2. Pulmonary ventilation
3. Kidney function |
|
|
Term
__________________ states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases in that mixture.
A. Boyle's Law
B. Dalton's Law
C. Fick's Law
D. Henry's Law |
|
Definition
|
|
