Term
| Where does the heart receive its nervous control from? |
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Definition
| The signal starts in the Medulla Oblongata and travel to the heart via the vagus nerve. |
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Term
| What is the path of oxygen poor (deoxygenated) blood? |
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Definition
| The deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the Vena Cava veins. The blood flows through the right atrium, through the tricuspid valves into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which carried the blood to the lungs. |
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Term
| Maximal heart rate for the average person can be estimated by subtracting the person's age from _______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sinoatrial node (SA) is known as the _________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Stroke volume increases with increasing rates of work, but only up to exercise intensities between______________of maximal capacity. At this point stroke volume ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A. 55% plasma
B. 45% formed elements |
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Term
| ______________________ is the hearts ability to generate its own electrical signal rhythmically without neural stimulation. |
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Definition
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Term
| How does blood flow change during exercise? |
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Definition
| Blood is redirected to areas where it is needed most, the muscles being exercised. |
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Term
| Why does blood flow change during exercise? |
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Definition
| During heavy endurance exercise, contracting muscles may receive up to 80% or more of the blood flow, and the flow to the liver and kidneys decrease. |
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Term
| Name 2 ways oxygen is carried in the blood? |
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Definition
1. combined with hemoglobin in the RBC
2. dissolved in the blood plasma |
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Term
True or False
Blood from skeletal muscles is returned to the right atrium. |
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Definition
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Term
| A_______________ is a condition in which abnormal heart sounds are detected with a stethoscope. |
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Definition
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Term
| . What is the job of the sympathetic nervous system with respect to the heart? |
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Definition
| The sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in the extrinsic control of blood flow, redirecting blood flow from areas of low need to areas of high need. |
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Term
True of False
An ECG provides a graphic record of the electrical activity of the brain and can be used to aid in clinical diagnosis. |
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Definition
False
An ECG provides a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart and can be used to aid in clinical diagnosis. |
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Term
Resting HR in adults tend to be between 60 and 85 bpm. Extended endurance training can lower the resting HR to __________ or lower.
A. 55bpm
B. 45bpm
C. 35bpm
D. 25bpm |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some common causes of cardiac deaths? |
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Definition
Coronary heart disease (51%)
Stroke (17%)
Heart failure (7%)
Hypertension (7%)
Diseases of the arteries (4%)
Other (14%), which includes Peripheral vascular disease, arteriosclerosis, Valvular heart disease, Rheumatic heart disease, Congenital heart disease. |
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Term
| _________________________ is the rise in cellular and protein concentration in the blood due to loss of blood plasma. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Cardiac output decreases as exercise intensity increases due to the increase of stroke volume. |
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Definition
False
Cardiac output increases as exercise intensity increases due to the increase of stroke volume. |
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Term
| How is Stroke Volume calculated? |
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Definition
| Stroke Volume (SV) = End Diastolic Volume (EDV) - End Systolic Volume (ESV) |
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Term
| Blood returns to the heart through the ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Given EDV, ESV and HR how would you calculate cardiac output? |
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Definition
| Cardiac Output (Q) = SV × HR |
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Term
True or False
In trained athletes, increase in cardiac output is attributed to the new capillaries developed in trained muscles. |
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Definition
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Term
| How much blood does a typical adult have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Under normal resting conditions almost half of the blood is distributed to the ____________ and ________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Numerically, how does blood flow to the skeletal muscles change through increased exercise? |
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Definition
| During exercise, the contracting muscles receive up to 80% of blood flow. This redistribution, along with increases in cardiac output allows up to 25 times blood flow to the active muscles. |
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Term
_______________ refers to the ability of the local tissue to dilate or constrict the arterioles that serve them and alter regional blood flow depending on the immediate needs of those tissues.
A. Intrinsic control
B. Extrinsic neural control |
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Definition
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Term
| _____________ transport blood away from the heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________________ transport blood from larger arteries to the capillaries. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____________________ transport blood from the heart to the tissues and the actual sites of exchange between the blood and tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________________transport blood from the capillaries to the veins and then back to the heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________________ transport blood back and forth to the heart. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
The cause of hypertension cannot always be predicted. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the formed elements in blood? |
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Definition
| Red blood cells, leucocytes, and platelets |
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Term
| The percentage of the total blood volume composed of cells or formed elements is referred to as the __________________. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
In general, light and moderate exercise have more of an effect on stroke volume than heavy exercise. |
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Definition
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Term
____________is the gradual rise in heart rate and decrease in stroke volume when exercising at a steady state in a hot environment.
A. Cardiac drift
B. Cardiac output
C. Cardiac cycle
D. Cardiac conditioning |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 factors that are generally associated with cardiac drift. |
|
Definition
1. dehydration
2. increase in body temperature |
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Term
True or False
Lower body exercise results in a lower heart rate and energy expenditure than upper body exercise. |
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Definition
False
Upper body exercise results in a lower heart rate and energy expenditure than lower body exercise. |
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Term
During exercise blood oxygen levels _______________.
A. increase
B. decease
C. remain the same |
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Definition
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Term
| ______________ branch off of the coronary artery. |
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Definition
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Term
The _________ wave corresponds to the depolarization of the atrial fibers that will lead to the contraction of the atria.
A. P
B. QRS
C. T |
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Definition
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Term
The ______________ wave corresponds to the depolarization of the ventricular fibers just prior to the contraction of the ventricular walls.
A. P
B. QRS
C. T |
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Definition
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Term
The ______________ wave corresponds with the ventricular muscle fibers repolarization and the end of the ECG pattern.
A. P
B. QRS
C. T |
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Definition
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Term
Physical activity is ____________________ for cardiac rehab patients.
A. dangerous
B. unrealistic
C. essential
D. not advised |
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Definition
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Term
Involves atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries.
A. Coronary artery disease
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Ischemia
D. Angina pectoris
E. Myocardial infarction |
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Definition
| A. Coronary artery disease |
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Term
Progressive narrowing of the arteries due to plaque formation.
A. Coronary artery disease
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Ischemia
D. Angina pectoris
E. Myocardial infarction |
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Definition
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Term
A deficiency of blood flow to the heart caused by CAD.
A. Coronary artery disease
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Ischemia
D. Angina pectoris
E. Myocardial infarction |
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Definition
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Term
Chest pain is called:
A. Coronary artery disease
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Ischemia
D. Angina pectoris
E. Myocardial infarction |
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Definition
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Term
A heart attack due to ischemia leading to irreversible damage and necrosis
A. Coronary artery disease
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Ischemia
D. Angina pectoris
E. Myocardial infarction |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________________ is a term used to link Hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, and diabetes to the common pathway of insulin resistance. This syndrome has also been referred to as syndrome x, and insulin resistance syndrome. It is not totally clear where the syndrome starts but obesity and/or insulin resistance could be the trigger that starts metabolic syndrome. |
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Definition
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Term
Which is considered ‘good cholesterol’?
A. HDL
B. LDL |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What % of individuals are hypertensive? |
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Definition
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Term
| With respect to cholesterol, what changes will occur in response to exercise? |
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Definition
| Endurance training decreases the ratios of LDL-C to HDL-C and to Total-C to HDL-C, largely due to increase in HDL-C. |
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Term
The form of hypertension that by definition, has no identifiable cause.
A. essential
B. idiopathic
C. primary
D. all of the above
E. none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Physical inactivity doubles the risk of CAD. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is a cholesterol carrier regarded as a scavenger; it to removes cholesterol from the arterial wall and transports it to the liver to be metabolized. |
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Term
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Definition
| LDL is considered the bad cholesterol. It is a cholesterol carrier responsible for depositing cholesterol in the arterial wall. |
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Term
| ________________________ is when the heart muscle becomes too weak and cannot maintain adequate cardiac output. |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the risk of heart disease change with long-term aerobic activity? |
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Definition
| Physical activity has been proven effective in reducing the risk of heart disease. |
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Term
| When looking at a research study involving monkeys, how did exercise affect heart function? |
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Definition
| The coronary arteries of the exercising monkeys had a greater diameter and had substantially less plaque buildup. |
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