Term
| eat undercooked pork containing cysted larvae |
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Definition
| trichenella spiralis (trichinosis) |
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Term
| excystation ocurs in small intestine as larvae penetrate mucosa then develop into adults and spread to striated muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| infectious load for trichinosis |
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Definition
| <10 is asymptomatic; >100 is significant; 1000+ can kill you |
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Term
| "splinter" hemorrhages under nails; fever, myalgia and marked eosinophilia |
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Definition
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Term
| tx of trichenella spiralis |
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Definition
| nothing for encysted larvae; can treat adult GI phase with albendazole or mebendazole; give anti-inflammatories in severe infections |
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Term
| accidental infection from dogs/cats; ingestion of eggs that hatch in small intestine and then migrate to various tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| mostly asymptomatic but heavy burdens can produce red eye and visual impairment |
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Definition
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Term
| serology w/ enzyme linked assays + eggs in pet feces |
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Definition
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Term
| Tx of Toxocara canis/cati |
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Definition
| albendazole but need anti-inflammatory treatments; also don't eat cat poop |
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Term
| extraintestinal infections caused by vector-borne, threadlike worms |
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Definition
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Term
| lymphatic filariasis found in tropical areas |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymphatic filariasis found in Southeast Asia |
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Definition
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Term
| lymphatic filariasis life cycle |
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Definition
| mosquito bite, migrates to lymphatics, develops into adults, then microfilariae are released into blood stream (diagnostic) |
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Term
| widespread lymphadenopathy w/ microfilariae in blood |
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Definition
| lymphatic filariasis (Wuchereria and Brugia) |
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Term
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Definition
| early infections treat wtih diethylcarbamazine; chronic is resistant to it |
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Term
| Africa, blackfly bite; present with skin nodules and ocular lesions |
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Definition
| Onchocerca volvulus (river blindness) |
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Term
| dx of Onchocerca volvulus |
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Definition
| microfilariae in skin or nodules |
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Term
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Definition
| loaisis, rain forests of Africa, Chrysops fly; transient "calabar swellings" on extremities w/ microfilariae in muscle, skin and eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| dog heartworm; causes "coin lesion" |
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Term
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Definition
| drinking water with contaminated Cyclops microcrustacean and larvae |
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Term
| Tx of Onchocerca volvulus |
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Definition
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Term
| flat, leaf-shaped worms that are hermaphrodites (usually), humans are definitive host w/ intermediate host usually being snails |
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Definition
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Term
| snail fever; extremely common infections esp in Mexico and caribbean (cruise?) |
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Definition
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Term
| life cycle of schistosomes |
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Definition
| eggs excreted by humans and hatch in fresh water forming miracidia. these miracidia penetrate snails and form sporocysts then cercariae (infectious) inside which are released; cercariae penetrate human skin and lose tails to become schistosomulae which enter circulation and mature in liver; they eventually mate and move to venules of bowel,rectum or bladder --> bisexy worm |
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Term
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Definition
| Africa, caribbean, SA --> inf mes vein |
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Term
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Definition
| far east --> sup mes veins |
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Term
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Definition
| Africa/Nile --> Urinary plexus/veins |
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Term
| few weeks after exposure have fever, cough, abdominal pain, rash, liver granuloma and urinary symptoms |
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Definition
| acute schistosomiasis (Katayama's fever) |
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Term
| granulomatous inflammatory response, fibrosis and obstructino |
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Definition
| chronic schistosomiasis; due to increasing load |
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Term
| Swimmer's itch; swimming in the great lakes |
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Definition
| skin rash associated with schistosomal penetration but not bad as species cannot infect humans and end up dying |
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Term
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Definition
| detection of eggs in feces or urine (hematobium) |
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Term
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Definition
| Praziquantel for all species; Metrifonate (hematobium) and oxamniquine (mansoni) |
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Term
| larval migration and growth in lung cauing rusty sputum (blood/eggs); traveled to asia, africa or latin america and something involving water |
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Definition
| Paragonimus westermani, the lung fluke; treat with Praziquantel |
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Term
| SouthEast Asia; something about the water; abdominal pain and diarrhea |
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Definition
| Fasciolopsis buski, the giant intestinal fluke; treat with Praziquantel |
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Term
| hepatomegaly, biliary obstruction, water involvement |
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Definition
| Fasciola hepatica, the liver fluke; treat with bithionol (only weird one) |
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Term
| China, eat undercooked freshwater fish, hepatic problems |
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Definition
| Opisthorchis sinesis, the chinese liver fluke; treat with Praziquantel |
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Term
| flat, segmented worms that are all hemaphrodites; have scolex w/ hooklets and suckers for attachment; generally found in intestine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| proglottid segments in the eggs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ingestion of eggs can lead to hatching in stomach, development of oncospheres and migratio to muscles and cause widespread problems |
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Definition
| cysticercosis (only T. solium) |
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Term
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Definition
| praziquantel, paromycin or quinacrine |
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Term
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Definition
| E. granulosus (most common) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| polycystic echinococcosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ingestion of larval cysterceri from meat; develops in small instestine; eggs/proglottids passed in feces and can infect animals |
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Term
| Canids are definitive hosts; human exposure to eggs in feces |
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Definition
| hyatidosis due to Echinococcus |
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Term
| eggs hatch and form oncospheres which migrate but prefer lungs; oncosphere develops into slow growing cyst |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| MRI/CT scan; surgical removal + mebendazole |
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Term
| largest parasite of humans; eggs in freshwater hatch into larvae that are eaten by small crustaceans (proceroid stage); crustacean eaten by fish (get plerocercoid stage); humans eat them and adults develop in small intestine |
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Definition
| Diphyllobothrium latum, the fish tapeworm |
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Term
|
Definition
| niclosamide, praziquantel; give B12 supplementation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| most common tapeworm in North america |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| rats and beetles are intermediate hosts; worms then live in human small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| rare in humans and live in rodents and beetles |
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