Term
| how do pts with enterobius vermicularis (pinworms) present? |
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Definition
| anal itching - particularly at night, when the female migrates through the anal canal to deposit her eggs. pts may also be asymptomatic |
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|
Term
| what is the tx for enterobius vermicularis (pinworms)? |
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Definition
| albendozole or mebendazole (works on all roundworms). the course should be repeated a few weeks later and family members should also be treated. |
|
|
Term
| will enterobius vermicularis (pinworms) show up on a O & P stool test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are enterobius vermicularis (pinworms) invasive? |
|
Definition
| only sometimes, they can travel to the vagina in females commonly |
|
|
Term
| do pts infected with enterobius vermicularis (pinworms) have eosinophilia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the eggs of enterobius vermicularis (pinworms) look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the modes of transmission for enterobius vermicularis (pinworms)? |
|
Definition
| autoinfection by fingernails, contamination of clothing/bedsheets/fomites, and retroinfection |
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Term
| how is anisakiasis (sushi worm) diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| endoscopy - 3rd stage larva is seen in the stomach b/c we are just incidental/dead end hosts between small and large fish. (not stool sample). |
|
|
Term
| what do pts with an infection of anisakiasis (sushi worm) present with? how are they treated? |
|
Definition
| dyspepsia due to stomach inflammation, sometimes intestinal obstruction. treatment is generally sx. |
|
|
Term
| what kind of infection is trichinella spirallis? |
|
Definition
| reportable (along with toxoplasma and cryptosporidium) |
|
|
Term
| how are trichinella spirallis infections transmitted? |
|
Definition
| through ingestion of wild game |
|
|
Term
| where in the body are trichinella spirallis infections located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the presenting features of trichinella spirallis? |
|
Definition
| periorbital edema, vasculitis, myalgia and eosinophilia |
|
|
Term
| how are trichinella spirallis infections treated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are strongyloides stercoralis infections often seen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who are strongyloides stercoralis infections more commonly seen in? |
|
Definition
| immune compromised hosts, sometimes AIDS pts, but more often bone marrow transplant pts or malnourished/chronic steroid pts |
|
|
Term
| what is the itchy rash due to strongyloides stercoralis called? |
|
Definition
| larva currens (racing larva) |
|
|
Term
| what is used to treat strongyloides stercoralis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can strongyloides stercoralis disseminate? what is the major problem with this? |
|
Definition
| yes - and it can carry gram negative bacteria with it, resulting in sepsis/hyperinfection syndrome: bronchopneumonia, enteritis, gram negative sepsis, and meningitis |
|
|
Term
| what is the "thumbprint" sign associated with strongyloides stercoralis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is commonly seen on agar plates with strongyloides stercoralis? |
|
Definition
| "winding trails" which are due to the worms dragging and inoculating across the plate |
|
|
Term
| can a strongyloides stercoralis infection last long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another drug tx for strongyloides stercoralis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the morphology of trichuris trichiura (whipworm)? |
|
Definition
| trichuris trichiura (whipworm) appears long and whip-like and its eggs appear lemon/barrel-shaped |
|
|
Term
| how do pts with trichuris trichiura (whipworm) infections present? |
|
Definition
| dysentery, anemia, and *rectal prolapse (due to mechanical pressure of worms in the cecum) |
|
|
Term
| how are ascaris lumbricoides infections transmitted? |
|
Definition
| foot contact with nightsoil |
|
|
Term
| how can pts with ascaris lumbricoides infections present? |
|
Definition
| pancreatitis, jaundice, volvulus, intussusception |
|
|
Term
| what is the loeffer's syndrome associated with ascaris lumbricoides infections? |
|
Definition
| the ascaris lumbricoides larvae may migrate through the lungs and induce fever, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, and migratory infiltrates |
|
|
Term
| what is tx for ascaris lumbricoides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the dilated bowel loops due to ascaris lumbricoides infections called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do pts with necator americanus & ancyclostoma duodenale (hookworms) present with? |
|
Definition
| ground itch (when larva penetrate the skin to enter the body), iron-deficiency anemia (due to blood sucking), edema, and dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| what is tx for necator americanus & ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm)? |
|
Definition
| mebendazole, albendazole, and ferrous sulfate |
|
|
Term
| what tapeworms (cestodes) are found in pork? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tapeworms (cestodes) are found in beef? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tapeworms (cestodes) are found in fish? |
|
Definition
| diphyllobathrum latum - common in scandinavian countries |
|
|
Term
| what is neurocysticercosis? |
|
Definition
| new-onset epilepsy as a result of tapeworm infection - most commonly caused by taenia solium |
|
|
Term
| what is one of the presenting symptoms of pts infected with tapeworms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are cestode infections treated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are cysticerci? how do they appear? |
|
Definition
| tapeworm cysts - which can appear as bumps in skin or nodules on x-ray |
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