Term
| abducted, externally rotated, squared off shoulder |
|
Definition
| anterior glenohumeral shoulder dislocation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hill-Sachs lesion (compression fracture) |
|
|
Term
| glenoid inferior rim fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forced adduction, internal rotation, associated with seizures, electric shock, taruma |
|
Definition
| posterior glenohumeral shoulder dislocation |
|
|
Term
| injury to supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor or subscapularis, common in athletes or laborers performing repetitive overhead movements, anterior deltoid pain |
|
Definition
| rotator cuff injury (mc supraspinatus) |
|
|
Term
| inflammation associated with \subacromial bursitis, mc in adolescents, <40y |
|
Definition
| tendonitis of rotator cuff |
|
|
Term
| supraspinatus strength test |
|
Definition
| empty can test (roator cuff) |
|
|
Term
| elbow/shoulder flexed at 90 deg w sharp anterior shoulder pain w internal rotation |
|
Definition
| hawkins test, impingement test of subscapular nerve/supraspinatus (roator cuff) |
|
|
Term
| pain with inability to lift arm above shoulder level or hold it or severe pain when slowly lowering the arm after the shoulder is abducted to 90 deg |
|
Definition
| drop arm test for impingement of subscapular nerve/supraspinatus (roator cuff) |
|
|
Term
| arm fully pronated (thumbs down) w pain during forward flexion (while shoulder is held down to prevent shrugging) |
|
Definition
| neer test , supraspinatus test: pain w abduction against resistance. impingement tes of subscapular nerve/supraspinatus (roator cuff) |
|
|
Term
| may help distinguish tendinopathy from tears in rotator cuff test |
|
Definition
| subacromial lidocaine test. normal strength w pain relief = tendinopathy. persistent weakness seen w large tears |
|
|
Term
| shoulder pendulum/wall climbing exercises is treatment for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| direct blow to an adducted shoulder, pain lifting arm |
|
Definition
| acromioclavicular joint dislocation (shoulder separation) |
|
|
Term
| treatment includes brief sling immobilization |
|
Definition
| acromioclavicular joint dislocation |
|
|
Term
| common site for pathologic fractures in metastatic breast cancer |
|
Definition
| proximal humerus/humeral head fractures |
|
|
Term
| direct blow to arm, arm held in adducted position, check deltoid sensation, fall on outstretched hand |
|
Definition
| proximal humerus/humeral head fracture (want to rule out brachial plexus or axillary nerve injury) |
|
|
Term
| direct trauma, must rule out radial nerve injury, fall on outstretched hand |
|
Definition
| humeral shaft fracture (injury may cause wrist drop) |
|
|
Term
| most commonly fractured bone in children, adolescents & newborns during birth |
|
Definition
| clavicle fractures. mc in males, children <2 suspect abuse |
|
|
Term
| shoulder stiffness due to inflammation, especially w DM, hyopothyroidism. mc 40s-60s |
|
Definition
| adhesive capsulitis- frozen shoulder, dec ROM esp w external rotation |
|
|
Term
| idiopathic compression of brachial plexus (95%), subclacian vein or subclavian artery. narve compression/pain on ulnar side of hand. swelling w abduction of arm. loss of radial pulse w head rotated to affected side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of radial pulse w head rotated to affected side |
|
|
Term
| fall on outstretched hand w hyperextended elbow, swelling, tenderness at elbow, abnormal anterior humeral line, nondiplaced->displaced anterior fat pad sign or pos posterior fat pad sign (hemarthrosis) |
|
Definition
| supracondylar humerus fracture |
|
|
Term
| supracondylar fracture in children or radial head fracture in adults finding |
|
Definition
| anterior/posterior fat pad |
|
|
Term
| has complication of median nerve and brachial artery injury (Volkmann ischemic contracture)- claw-like desormity from ischemia w flexion/contracture of wrist, radial nerve injury |
|
Definition
| supracondylar humerus fracture |
|
|
Term
| supracondylar humerus fracture management |
|
Definition
| immediate orthopedic consult |
|
|
Term
| fall on outstretched ahnd, usually intraarticular, inability to fully extend the elbow, pos fat pad or displaced anterior fat pad |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infection of the flexor tendon synovial sheath of finger, mc staph aureus. Kavanel's signs (finger held in flexion, length of tendon sheath is tender, enlarged finger, xtension of the finger causes pain- FLEX) |
|
Definition
| suppurative flexor tensynovitis |
|
|
Term
| direct blow, fall on a flexed elbow, inability to extend the elbow, ulnar nerve dysfunction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abrupt goose egg swelling, limited ROM with flexion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| direct blow, may present w localized pain and swelling, from fights |
|
Definition
| ulnar shaft (nightstick) fracture |
|
|
Term
| proximal ulnar shaft fracture with an anterior head dislocation, possible radial nerve injury/wrist drop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid-distal radial shaft fracture with dislocation of DRUJ, fall on outstretched hand or direct blow, unstable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lifting/swinging/pulling a child while the forearm is pronated and extended-> radial head wedged into the stretched annular ligament. children present w arm slightly flexed, refuse to use arm. put pressure on radial head w supination and flexion |
|
Definition
| radial head subluxation (nursemaid's elbow) |
|
|
Term
| radial styloid fracture aka chauffeur's fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral elbow pain especially with gripping, forearm pronation and wrist extension against resistance, inflammation of the tendon insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle |
|
Definition
| lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) |
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the pronator teres-flexor carpi radialis, tenderness over the medial epicondyle worse w pulling activities, reproduced by performing wrist flexion against resistance w the elbow fully extended |
|
Definition
| medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow) |
|
|
Term
| high energy fall on outstretched hand w hyperextension, posterior is most common. presents w flexed elbow, marked olecranon prominence and inability to extend the elbow, emergent reduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ulnar nerve compression at the cubital tunnel along the medial elbow leading to paresthesias/pain along the ulnar nerve. pos tinel's sign at the elbow, pos froment's sign (holds paper and compensated w flexion of IP joint) |
|
Definition
| cubital tunnel syndrome (ulnar neuropathy) |
|
|
Term
| fall on outstretched hand on extended wrist, pain along radial surface of wrist, snuffbox tenderness |
|
Definition
| scaphoid (navicular) fracture, mc carpal fracture, snuffbox tenderness has inc risk of avascular necrosis->treat w thumb spica |
|
|
Term
| pain on dorsal radial side of wrist, pos terry thomas sign |
|
Definition
| scapholunate dissociation (terry thomas sign is >3mm space) |
|
|
Term
| distal radius fracture w dorsal/posterior angulation, most commonly a fallon outstretched hand w wrist extension, dinner fork deformity, can get extensor pollicus longus tendon rupture, treat w sugar tong splint/cast, often postmenopausal, asian, osteoporotic women |
|
Definition
| colles fracture (dorsal angulation) |
|
|
Term
| ventral/anterior angulation, most commonly fall on outstretched hand w wrist flexion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intra-articular distal radius fracture w carpal displacement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capitate non longer articulates w lunate, lunate still articulates w radius |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lunate doesn't articulate w botht he capitate or the radius, emergent consult, piece of pie sign, spilled teacup sign, unstable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most serious carpal fracture, avascular necrosis leading to kienbock's disease |
|
Definition
| lunate fracture, radiographs often negative |
|
|
Term
| autonomic dysfunction following bone or soft tissue injuries, stage I: pain out of propertion to injury, autonomic nervous system symptoms, management w vitamin C prophylaxis after fractures |
|
Definition
| complex regional pain syndrome, formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy |
|
|
Term
| extensor tendon avulsion after sudden blow to tip of an extended finger w forced flexion, inability to straighten the distal finger (flexed at DIP joint), splint the DIP in uniterrupted extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sharp force against the tip of a partially extended digit -> hyperflexion at the pip joint w hyperextension at the DIP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| finger hyperextended at PIP joint and flexed at DIP joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sprain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb -> instability of MCP joint. chronic hyperabduction injury (forced abduction of thumb), valgus stress (pulling thumb away from hand), may have fracture at base of proximal phalanx, management w thumb spica, refer to hand surgeon (bc affect pincer function) |
|
Definition
| gamekeeper's (skiers) thumb |
|
|
Term
| fracture at the neck of 5th metacarpal (+/- 4th). punching w clenched fixt, treat w ulnar gutter splint, always check for bite wounds (amoxicillin/clauvanic acid) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intraarticular fracture through the base of 1st metacarpal (MCP) bone, unstable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| comminuted bennett's fracture (two fractures through base of 1st metacarpal) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| growth (epiphyseal plate fractures) |
|
Definition
Salter-harris fractures
type 1: isolated growth plate fracture
type 2: growth plate fracture + fracture of the meaphysis, mc
type 3: growth plate fracture + fracture of epiphysis
type 4: fracture extending across teh metaphysis, growth plate and epiphysis, needs reduction
type 5: growth plate compression injury, may arrest growth, worst type |
|
|
Term
| stenosing tensynovitis of the abductor pollicus longus and extensor pollicus brevus, pain along the radial aspect of the wrist radiating to the forearm, pos finkelstein test, manage w thumb spica splint |
|
Definition
| de Quervain tensynovitis (pos finkelstein is pain w ulnar deviation or thumb extension) |
|
|
Term
| median nerve entrapment/compression, inc incidence w diabetes mellitis, paresthesias and pain of palmar 1st, 3& 1/4 of 4th digits esp at night, thenar muscle wasing, pos tinnel's sign, pos phalen's sign, treat w volar splint |
|
Definition
| carpal tunnel syndrome (tinnel's sign is percusison of the median nerve produces symptoms, phalen's sign is flexion of both wrists for 30-60 sec reproduces symptoms |
|
|
Term
| proximal forearm pain and not associated w pain at might, median nerve comprexxion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nodules over the distal palmar crease or proximal phalanx esp ring, little finger, painful nodules, fixed flexion deformity at MCP joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| high impact injury like MVA, may have perineal ecchymosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| trauma MC cause, complication of avascular necrosis, sciatic nerve injry, usually posterior, leg shortened and internally roatated and adducted w hip/knee slightly flexed |
|
Definition
| hip dislocation (anterior lef externally rotated) |
|
|
Term
| mc in osteoporotic women, can have high incidence of avascular necrosis w femoral neck fractures, hip pain w leg shortened, externally rotated, abducted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head in children due to ischemia of capital femoral epiphysis in children, most common in children 4-10 y and 4x in boys, painless limping, loss of abduction and internal rotation, inc density of femoral head and widening of cartilage space, crescent sign, management observation and restriction with orthopedic follow up |
|
Definition
| legg-calve-perthes disease |
|
|
Term
| femoral head (epiphysis) slips posterior and inferior at the growth plate, MC in 7-16y obese African-American males during growth spurt, if seen in children before puberty, suspect hormonal/systemic disorders like hypothyroidism. hip, thigh or knee pain w limp, external rotation of affected leg, ORIF |
|
Definition
| slipped capital femoral epiphysis |
|
|
Term
| incomplete fracture w cortical disruption & periosteal tearning on the convex side of the fracture, bowing, in pediatrics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| incomplete fracture w wrinklink or bump of metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction due to axial loading, in pediatrics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Grades 1 (sprains) and 2 (incomplete tears) vs grades III (complete tears), localized pain swelling ecchymosis, stiffness |
|
Definition
| conservative vs surgical repair, MCL and LCL knee injuries |
|
|
Term
| MC knee ligament injury, 70% sports-related, noncontact pivoting injury (deceleration, hyperextension, internal rotation), pop&swelling->hemarthrosis, knee buckling, inability to bear weight, MC in women, Lachman's test and anterior drawer test, +/- Segond fracture |
|
Definition
| ACL injury. lachman's: most sensitive, pivot shift test. anterior drawer test least reliable bc spasms may stabilize knee. segond fracture: avulsion of the lateral tibial condyle w varus stress to the knee, if present, ligamental injuries are most likely present, pathognomonic for ACL tear |
|
|
Term
| unhappy O'Donoghue's traid |
|
Definition
| injry to ACL + CL + Medical meniscus |
|
|
Term
| MC associated w dashboard injuries (anterior force to proximal tibia w knees flexed), anterior bruising, large effusion. pivot shift test, posterior drawer test |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| degenerative due to squatting, twisting, compression or trauma w femur rotation of the tibia, pos McMurray's sign, locking, popping, giving way, effusion after activities, also apley test, joint line tenderness, effusion |
|
Definition
| meniscal tears (medial 3x MC>lateral), McMurray's sign is a pop or click while tibia is externally and internally rotated |
|
|
Term
| mc direct blow- fall on a flexed knee +/- forceful quadriceps contraction, MC in young patients, sunrise view radiographs, limited knee extension w pain, mc in young pts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forceful quadriceps contraction (fall on a flexed knee, walking up/down stairs), MC in males >40y, history of systemic disease, inability to extend knee/straight leg raise |
|
Definition
patellar and quadriceps tendon ruptures
quadriceps tendon rupture: patella baja- palpable defect above knee
patellar tendon rupture: patella alta- palpable defect below knee |
|
|
Term
| valgus stress after twisting injury, direct blow. MC in females, usually laterally, pos apprehension sign |
|
Definition
| patellar dislocation, apprehension sign: pt exhibits anxiety/forcefully contracts the quadriceps when the examiner pushes laterally. only performed if patellar is already reduced |
|
|
Term
| severe limb threatening emergency, high velocity trauma, popliteal aprery injury in 1/3 of pts->arteriography +/- peroneal or tibial nerve injury, immediate orthopedic consult |
|
Definition
| Knee (tibial-femoral) dislocations |
|
|
Term
| axial loading (fall from height), direct blow, peroneal nerve insuries (check 1st web space), popliteal artery injury, immediate orthopedic consult |
|
Definition
| femoral condyle fractures |
|
|
Term
| axial loading/rotation/direct trauma, MC in children in MVA, lateral MC, check for peroneal nerve injury (foot drop), +/- hard to see on radiographs, may need to confirm w CT/MRI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| osteochondritis of the patellar tendon at tibial tuberosity from overuse, MC cause of chronic knee pain in young, active adolescents, MC males 10-15y, athletes w growth spurts, activity- related (running, jumping), tenderness to anterior tibial tubercle, rice, NSAIDS, quadriceps strewtching |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| synovial fluid effusion is displaced with cyst formation, ruptured cyst-> pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome that mimics DVT, ultrasound for diagnosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| idiopathic softening/fissuring of the patellar articular catilage, MC in runners, anterior knee pain behind or around the patella worsened w knee hyperflexion (prolonged sitting), pos apprehension sign, NSAIDS reset and rehad |
|
Definition
| patellofemoral syndrome (chondromalacia), apprehension sign is examiner applies pressure medial - lateral patella w pain or pt refuses test in anticipation of pain |
|
|
Term
| MC cause of knee pain in runners, lateral knee pain during onset then resolves, worse w climbing stairs or running downhill, pos ober test- pain or resistance to adduction of the leg parallel to the table in neutral position, pos lateral condyle tenderness |
|
Definition
| iliotibial band (ITB) syndrome |
|
|
Term
| major trauma, posterior MC +/- peroneal nerve injury, inabitlity to bear weight, treat w closed reduction and posterior splint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 85% incolve the collateral ligaments (anterior talofibular-inversion MC, calcaneofibular), deltoid ligament w eversion injuries, pop, RICE, NSAIDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ankle films- pain along lateral malleolus, pain along medial malleolus
foot films- navicular (midfoot) pain, 5th metatarsal pain
both- inability to walk >4 steps at time of injury and in ER |
|
|
Term
| mechanical overload from eccentric contraction of gastrocsoleus complex, 75% sports-related, 30-50, inc risk w fluoroquinolone use, sudden heel pain after push-off mvmnt, pop, sudden sharp calf apin, pos thompson test |
|
Definition
| achilles tendon rupture. pos thompson test: weak, absent plantar flexion when gastrocnemius is squeezed |
|
|
Term
| Weber ankle fracture classification |
|
Definition
Weber A- fibular fx below syndesmosis, usually table
Weber B- fibular fx at level of syndesmosis
Weber C- fibular fx above mortise |
|
|
Term
| spiral proximal fibular fracture as a result of distal medial malleolar fracture and/or deltoid ligament rupture |
|
Definition
| maisonneuve fracture (anyone w distal ankle fracture should have a proximal view to r/o Maisonneuve) |
|
|
Term
| fracture of the distal tibia from impact with the talus (axial load), extends into the ankle joint |
|
Definition
| pilon (tibial plafond) fracture |
|
|
Term
| common in athletes and miliatry personnel due to overuse, 3rd metatarsal MC, 50% of xrays will be neg, pos w healing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heel pain, tenderness of the plantar fascia of the medial foot, may inc w dorsiflexion of toes, pain usually worse after period of resk ex 1st few steps in the morning, esp in pts w flat feet or heel spur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior tibial nerve compression from overuse, pain/numbness at the medial malleolus heel & sole, pain worsens at night and with dorsiflexion, pos tinel sign, can mimic plantar fasciitis but this in this pain ic's throughout the day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hallux valgus deformity of the bursa over 1st metatarsal, hx of wearing poorly fitted shoes mc, 1st metatarsal lateral deviasion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flexion of PIP joint & hyperextension of MTP & MIP joint, PIP pain due to contact w shoe, PIP deformity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| joint damage & destruction as a result of peripheral neuropathy from DM peripheral vascular disease or other diseases, MC affects midfoot, obliteration of joint space |
|
Definition
| charcot's joint (diabetic foot) |
|
|
Term
| degeneration/proliferation of plantar digital nerve, painful mass near the tarsal heads, MC in women 25-50y esp w tight shoes/high heels/flat feet, lancinating pain esp w ambulation, 3rd metatarsal head MC, surgical resection can cause permanent numbness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transverse fracture through the diaphysis of the 5th metatarsal, often complicated by nonunion/malunion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transverse avulsion fracxture at base (tuberosity) of 5th metatarsal due to plantar flexion w inversion, management is wlking cast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disruption between the articulation of the medial cuneiform and the base of the 2nd metatarsal, fleck sign- fracture at the base of the 2nd metatarsal is pathognomonic, widening between 1st and 2nd joint space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pain in a dermatomal pattern, MC at L5-S1 (bc juntion between mobile and non-mobile spine), sciatica- back pain radiating to the thigh/buttock-> lower leg down L5-S1 dermatome inc w valsalva, pos straight leg raise, maybe pos crossover test |
|
Definition
| herniated disc (nucleus pulposus). L4- anterior tight pain, weak ankle dorsiflexion, loss of knee jerk. L5- lateral thigh/leg hip and grain pain+dorsum of foot, weak big toe extension walking on heels more difficult than on toes, normal reflexes usuially. S1- posterior leg/calf pain, + plantar surface of the foot, weak plantar flexion, loss of ankle jerk |
|
|
Term
| new onset of urinary or bowel retention/incontinence w sadddle anesthesia, uni/bilateral leg radiation, dec anal sphincter tone on rectal exam, no anal wink, neurosurgical emergency treat w corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, serious complication of herniated lumbar disc syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| narrowing of the spinal canal w impingement of the nerve roots seen >60y, back pain that worsens w extension + prolonged standing/walking, releived w flexion- sitting/walking uphill, manage w lumbar epidural injection of corticosteroids |
|
Definition
| spinal stenosis (pseudoclaudication, neurogenic) |
|
|
Term
| acute strain or tear of paraspinal muscles esp after twisting/lifting injuries, bavck muscle spasms, no neurologic changes |
|
Definition
| lumbosacral sprain/strain |
|
|
Term
| burst fractures in children from jumping/fall from height, lumbar compression fractures in elderly, pathologic fractures in malignancy, pain and point tenderness at the level of compression |
|
Definition
| spinal compression fractures |
|
|
Term
| lateral curvature of spine >10 deg, can be associated w kyphosis or lordosis, diagnosis w adams forward bending test (most sensitive), cobb's angle measured on AP/lateral films |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pars interarticularis defect from either failure of fusion or stress fracture, often from repetitive hyperextension trauma (football players, gymnasts) MC form of back pain in children and adolescents MC at L5/S1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forward slipping of a vertebrae on another MC 10-15y (adolescence), may cause bowel or bladder dysfunction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation/infecxtion of bone by pyogenic organisms MC<20y&>50y, acute hematogenous spread MC in children or direct innoculation or contiguous spread w vascular insufficiency, local signs: inflammation/infection, pain over the involved bone. inc WBC, inc ESR. MRI most sensitive in early disease. early radiographys show soft issue swelling & periosteal reaction (lucent areas of corticodestruction), advanced/chronic radiographs show sequestrum, radionuclide bone or gallium scan is sensitive in early diseaes, blood cultures pos in 50%, bone aspiration is gold standard. treat w surgical debridement and cultures and antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC seen in children, S.aureus MC organism, salmonells pathognominic for sickle cell disease, S. pyogenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC in adults 2ndary to injury/bone surrounding soft tissue, S.aureus MC organism, coag neg staph in prosthetic joint infections, gram neg: pseudomonas IVDU, serratia, E.coli |
|
Definition
| chronic (subacute) osteomyelitis |
|
|
Term
| treatment for group b strep, gram neg (newborn) |
|
Definition
| osteomyelitis, nafcillin or oxacillin + 3rd gen cephalosporin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nafcillin/oxacillin or Cefazolin (clindamycin or vanco if PCN allergic) MRSA- vanco or linezolid |
|
|
Term
| treatment for Salmonella + s.aureus (sickle cell osteomyelitis) |
|
Definition
| 3rd gen cephalosporin or RQ (cipro or fevofloxacin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (puncture wound). ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin, ceftazidime or cefepime |
|
|
Term
| medicxal emergency bc it can rapidly destroy the joint. most monomicrobial. spread hematogenous, direct innoculation or contiguous (ex from osteoarthritis or after other infection), s. aureus mc organism, N. gonorrheae in sexually active young adults- ass w tensosynovitis, Strep, gram neg, staph epi if prosthesis, mycobacteria and fungi less common, neonates- Group B strep, s. aureus, H. flu. Joint involvement- single, swollen, warm, apinful joint, dec ROM, tender to palpation, knee MC, fever. diagnose w arthrocentesis, WBC >50,000- primarily PMNS- gram stain and culture, crystals (WBC >1,100 considered pos in prosthetic joints). prompt antibiotics guided by gram stain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| septic arthritis NOS treatment |
|
Definition
| nafcillin or vancy + ceftriaxone (+- anti-Pseudomonas) |
|
|
Term
| septic arthritis gnc orgonococcus suspected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ceftriaxone (3rd gen cephalosporin) + anti-pseudomonal aminoglycoside (ex Gentamicin) |
|
|
Term
| muscle/nerve ischemia, dec tissue perfusion when closed muscle compartment pressure ? perfusion pressure. etiologies trauma, MC after fracture of long bones. pain out of proportion to injury, volkmann's contracture, pain on passive stretching is earliest indicator, tense extremities, inc intracomparmental pressure >30-45 mmHg, management w fasciotomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC bone malignancy, MC in adolescents, produces osteoid (immature bone), 2nd peak 50-60y, MC METS to the lungs, bone pain/joint swelling, radiographs show hair on end or sun ray/burst appearance of the soft tissue mass and codman's triangle, chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| giant cell tumor MC in children, MC in males 5-25y, femus MC and pelvis, layered periosteal reaction/onion skin appearanceon readiographs, may see codman's triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cancer of the cartilage, MC seen in adults 40-75 y, diagnosis by punctate or ring&arc appearance of calcification, management w surgical resection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC benign bone tumor esp ages 10-20y, MC in males, may precede chondrosarcomas, often pedunculated, grows away from growth plate and involved medullary tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormal bone remodeling & disorganized osteoid formaiton, MC >40y (elderly), mainly persons of western European descent, disordered bone remodeling w inc osteoclast bone resorption, inc abnormal trabecular bone formation -> larger, weaker, less compact bones + prone to fractures, lytic phase w inc osteaclast activity -> mixed phase -> sclerotic phase w inc osteoblast activity. MC asymptomatic and found w high alkaline phosphatase or on radiogrphs, MC symptoms is bone pain w inc warmth, skull involvement can lead to deafness (headach). on gradiograph see blade of grass/flame shaped lucency in lytic phase, corasened trabeculase in sclerotic phase, skull = cotton wool appearance. treat w bisphosphonates (PO: Alendronate, Risedronate, IV Zoledronic acid, Pamidronate) to inhibit osteoclas activity, calcitonin can dec osteoclast activity |
|
Definition
| paget disease of the bone (osteitis deformans) |
|
|
