Term
| Diarrhea, Primary Hyperaldosteronism and Furosemide therapy can all cause... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with... |
|
Definition
Acute inflammatory conditions, many... including Myocardial Infarction
CRP is significantly increased in patients with AMI shortly after the onset of symptoms, supporting the hypothesis that, in addition to plaque rupture, acute-phase markers of inflammation may also be elevated as a result of reperfusion injury caused by abrupt closure of the infarct-related artery and by initiation of a thrombolysis or revascularization procedure in patients with AMI. |
|
|
Term
| Increased afterload and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are associated with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alzheimer's, ETOH Chronic Abuse, Parkinson's and Huntington's Chorea are all associated with what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical triad including hypertension, bradycardia and irregular respirations associated with intracranial pathology such as head trauma or hemorrhage |
|
Definition
Cushing's Triad
Cushing's triad refers to a set of signs that are indicative of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), or increased pressure in the brain. |
|
|
Term
| Modified Jones Major Criteria for Acute Rheumatic Fever |
|
Definition
| Major: Erythema marginatum, Carditis, Chorea, Subcutaneous Nodules, Polyarthritis |
|
|
Term
| Modified Jones Minor Criteria for Acute Rheumatic Fever |
|
Definition
| Minor: Fever, Arthralgia, Elevated ESR and/or CRP, Prolonged PR interval. |
|
|
Term
| Cobblestone appearance of colon |
|
Definition
| Crohn's dz (intermittent pattern of dz causes cobblestone appearance) |
|
|
Term
| Ulcerative colitis affects what part of colon? |
|
Definition
| long sections or complete colon (not intermittent like Crohn's) including rectum |
|
|
Term
| An immune reaction affecting the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sign when abdominal pain is found with flexing the hip and knee indicates what? |
|
Definition
Tight Psoas / Psoas Syndrome
sometimes indicates appendicitis. |
|
|
Term
What is the Whipple triad? |
|
Definition
The Whipple triad consists of a history of:
- hypoglycemic symptoms,
- a fasting blood glucose of 45 mg per dL or less, and
- immediate recovery on administration of glucose.
|
|
|
Term
| Descriptive sign with clenched fist over sternum to describe dull pressure CP of angina? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A global esophageal motor disorder in which peristalsis is decreased and lower esophageal sphincter tone is increased, causing slowly progressive dysphagia with episodic regurgitation and chest pain.
Condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Five main features of CREST syndrome? |
|
Definition
Calcinosis
Raynaud's syndrome
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia |
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of Reiter's syndrome: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This dz causes inflammation of urinary tract, eyes, skin, mucous membranes and joints? |
|
Definition
Reiter's syndrome
(now called Reactive Arthritis) |
|
|
Term
| A genetic condition where females are missing all or part of an X Chromosome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Turner syndrome? |
|
Definition
| infertility, amenorrhea, short stature, webbed neck |
|
|
Term
| Signs of Congenital syphilis? |
|
Definition
| Painful looking swollen joints, notching of maxillary incisors, hx blindness, deafness. |
|
|
Term
| Painless yellow raised patches on bilat eyelids (dx and associated hx) |
|
Definition
| Xanthelasma, hx of high cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| A chronic parasitic infection caused by eating bad pork? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common malignant brain tumor (more common in children)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jaundice, fever, RUQ pain in the presence of ascending cholangitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterias associated with Endocarditis: |
|
Definition
Acute: Staph Aureus
Subacute: Strep Veridan, Enterococci |
|
|
Term
| What is the Duke Criteria and what does it identify? |
|
Definition
identifys Bacterial Endocarditis
Major Criteria:
Positive blood culture for Infective Endocarditis
Minor criteria :
*Predisposition: predisposing heart condition or intravenous drug use
*Fever: temperature > 38.0° C (100.4° F)
*Vascular phenomena: major arterial emboli, septic pulmonary infarcts, mycotic aneurysm, intracranial hemorrhage, conjunctival hemorrhages, and Janeway lesions
*Immunologic phenomena: glomerulonephritis, Osler's nodes, Roth spots (what's this?), and rheumatoid factor
*Microbiological evidence: positive blood culture but does not meet a major criterion as noted above¹ or serological evidence of active infection with organism consistent with IE
*Echocardiographic findings: consistent with IE but do not meet a major criterion as noted above |
|
|
Term
| Vasculitis of small and medium vessels of extremities is: |
|
Definition
| Buerger's Dz (thromboangitis) |
|
|
Term
| Classic triad: intermittent claudication, Raynauds and migratory superficial thrombophlebitis, indicates: |
|
Definition
Buerger's Dz
Vasculitis of small and medium vessels of extremities |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose Buerger's dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pulsus bisferiens. What is it? When is it seen? |
|
Definition
| palpation of double pulse felt w/each beat. felt in pt's with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:
Inherited or not? |
|
Definition
| Autozomal dominant, inherited familial dz |
|
|
Term
These account for about 6-10% of cases of congenital heart disease. 34yo male cc: dyspnea and CP.
- Widely split and fixed S2 into A2, Ps (lub, dub-dub).
- Murmur: grade II-III/VI systolic ejection murmur at left 2nd or 3rd intercostal space (pulmonic area).
Dx? |
|
Definition
ASD
Echocardiography - DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS will demonstrate a septal defect.
ECG may show right axis deviation, right ventricular hypertrophy, or right bundle branch block
Chest x-ray shows cardiomegaly with dilatation of the right atrium and right ventricle |
|
|
Term
| Harsh, late systolic murmur heard at base and posteriorly. Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Machinery like murmur. Dx? |
|
Definition
| PDA (Patent ductus arteriosus) |
|
|
Term
| Harsh, late systolic murmur with prominent thrill heard at Left 2nd/3rd ICS. Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| VSD, RV outflow obstruction (pulmonary stenosis), RVH, overriding (large) aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CXR of Tetrology of Fallot pt: |
|
Definition
[image]
boot shaped heart sihlouette |
|
|
Term
4-year-old boy who is brought to your office by his parents because he gets tired very easily and cannot keep up with the other children.
On exam, you hear A midsystolic pulmonary flow or ejection murmur is present and a fixed, split S2.
Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CHF confirmed with which tests? |
|
Definition
| CXR, ECHO, Swan Ganz Cath is primary |
|
|
Term
| sequelae to hemolytic strep infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rapid "bag of worms" action of tongue when tongue protrudes |
|
Definition
| Sydenham's Chorea, seen in Rheumatic heart dz |
|
|
Term
| Opening snap heart sound heard at apex mid-diastolic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common sign of Sickle Cell in first few months of life: |
|
Definition
| Failure to thrive - earliest sign of Sickle Cell |
|
|
Term
| epigastric pain, relived by food, worsened by hunger |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tamsulosin is an alpha-blocker used to treat: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Pertussis (Whooping Cough) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most important way to prevent pertussis (whooping cough): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infection of the eye due to clogged tear duct(s). sx include medial eye redness, swelling, LAD |
|
|
Term
| Phalen's maneuver is used to diagnose: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| caused by a defect of Chromosome 21 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a missing all or part of an X Chromosome seen only in females. |
|
|
Term
| symptoms include, infertility, amenorrhea, short stature and webbed neck. what Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Klinefelter's syndrome s+sx |
|
Definition
| seen in males, poor muscle strength, infertility, gynocomastia, low testosterone. |
|
|
Term
| Male only syndrome resulting in having an extra Y Chromosome: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Triad seen as a result of pericardial effusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| distended jugulars, hypotension and muffled heart sounds are what triad and what dz process? |
|
Definition
| Becks Triad seen in pericardial effusion |
|
|
Term
| what cells located in the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells in the liver produce glucagon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the gamma cells in the pancreas secrete? |
|
Definition
| a specialized type of peptide designed to reduce appetite |
|
|
Term
| what do the delta cells in the pancreas secrete? |
|
Definition
| somatostatin, plays a role in food absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combination of two abx (amoxil, clarithromycin, flagyl, tetracycline) and a PPI |
|
|
Term
| Parkinson's dz destroys dopamine producing cells in the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| before onset of Parkinson's sx, what percent of the substantia nigra is destoyed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The medulla oblongotta helps control what systems |
|
Definition
| Involuntary sympathetic and parasympathetic systems,, respirations and simple reflexes. |
|
|
Term
| LBBB acts as a red flag for these 4 conditions: |
|
Definition
| severe aortic valve dz, ischemic heart dz, chronic HTN, cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
| VSD, pulmonary outflow tract limitation, RVH (rt vent hypertrophy) and overriding aorta are all parts of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common congenital heart defect: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gram pos coccus responsible for common skin infectiions: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| right sided heart failure cause by pulmonary HTN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| standard test to diagnose cystic fibrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an autosomal recessive genetic blood d/o caused by a defect of chromosome 11 is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a deficiency in factor VIII |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a genetic dz causing inadequate hemoglobin production and a cause of chronic anemia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cancer of the plasma cells: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cancer of the plasma cells, presents with anemia, but also can cause bone pain, infection, fatigue, loss of bowel/bladder fxn: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hip and knee pain, gait disturbance seen in prepubescent and pubescent children who are going through a growth spurt: |
|
Definition
| Slipped Capital femoral epiphysis |
|
|
Term
| Treatments for paget's dz: |
|
Definition
| Biphosphonates (fosamax), NSAIDS and calcitonin |
|
|
Term
| Most common presentation for this dz is unilateral vision loss: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| common comorbitidies for Retinal artery occlusion: |
|
Definition
| DM, coagulopathy d/o's, HTN, advanced atherosclerosis |
|
|
Term
| Bacteria which is the most common pathogen in swimmer's ear: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tamsulosin is an alpha blocker used to treat what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
what does this show and what is the tx? |
|
Definition
Pneumocystis carini (bat wings)
TMP-SMX |
|
|
Term
| Tx plan for a newborn with PKU (phenylketonuria) |
|
Definition
| dietary restrictions. Pts with PKU are unable to break down phenylalanine, a common amino acid found in foods.. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a bacteria found in contaminated food.
washing foods, pasteurized milk and cooking meats well helps avoid listeriosis |
|
|
Term
| friction rub heart sound is heard in which dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| widely split S2 sound is heard in which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| opening snap heart sound, what dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid systolic click heart sound, what dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for young pt with 1o HTN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx for middle aged pt with HTN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common: Idiopathic (viral), other causes Rheumatic, Lyme dz, autoimmune |
|
|
Term
| s+sx: new onset CHF, URI/fever sx x 2-3wks. dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| labs expected with myocarditis? |
|
Definition
| Elevated CPK, Troponin and ESR |
|
|
Term
| Echo shows 2 echo signals behind left ventricle. dx? |
|
Definition
| pericardial effusion, tamponade |
|
|
Term
| JVD in inspiration = what sign and what dx? |
|
Definition
| Kussmaul's sign seen in pericardial tamponade |
|
|
Term
| water bottle appearance of heart on CXR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sequelae to untreated hemolytic strep infection: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rapid "bag of worms" action of tongue when pt asked to protrude tongue: |
|
Definition
| Sydenham's chorea (seen in Rheumatic heart dz) |
|
|
Term
| criteria used to dx Rheumatic heart dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| high pitched heart sounds usually indicate: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| high pitched diastolic crescendo murmur suggests: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| murmur heard at apex, high pitched pansystolic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heart sounds: opening snap, murmur at apex, low mid diastolic rumble |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1o cause of mitral stenosis and regurg: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heart sounds: mid to late systolic click heard at apex, high pitched late systolic crescendo-decrescendo increased with standing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin females, 14-30 y/o and Marfan pts |
|
|
Term
| EKG= biphasic or inverted T's in inferior. dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| murmur: harsh higher pitched systolic blowing sounds at left lower sternal border |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| murmur: diastolic rumble at left lower sternal border |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ascites, olive skin, dependent edema, fluttery discomfort in neck. dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sx: sever profound dyspnea after trauma, aspiration or acute dz with poor response to O2 unless CPAP assisted. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1- CXR = patchy infiltrates w/o costophrenic angles affected.
2- hypoxemia (ABGs or SpO2)
3- abscence of pulmonary edema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1- permissive hypercapnia
2- avoid O2 toxicity, increased PEEP not FiO2 |
|
|
Term
CXR = ground glass appearance
PFTs restrictive pattern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PFT's= dec FEV, inc TLC and RV
dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resp alkalosis, hypoxemia, metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| Bronchospasm precipitated by CHF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| triad of persistent productive cough, copious purulent sputum, hemoptysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cause of 50% of all bronchiectasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blue Bloater vs. Pink puffer |
|
Definition
Blue Bloater = chronic Bronchitis (BB=B)
Pink puffer = emphysema (PP=E)(PPE) |
|
|
Term
| PFTs of restrictive lung dz (asthma) |
|
Definition
FEV1 low / FVC low,vlow
FEV1/FVC ratio is either = or up |
|
|
Term
| PFTs of obstructive lung dz COPD, chronic bronchitis |
|
Definition
FEV1 low,vlow / FVC nl
FEV1/FVC ratio is low |
|
|
Term
| Cause of and tx of anaerobic pneumonia |
|
Definition
Cause: aspiration
Tx: Pen-G, Cleocin, draining of abscess or aspirate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cough, started dry, now progressed to productive and bloody, night sweats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| isoniazid x 9 mos, rifampin x 4 mos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| isolation, isoniazid and rifampin x 6 mos, pyrazinamide x 2 mos |
|
|
Term
| Lung dz which is a systemic granulomatous inflammatory d/o of unknown cause: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bx of lung, skin or liver lesion shows noncaseating granuloma. dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sx: progressive dysphagia, vomiting after eating, nocturnal cough |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| X-ray of esophageal achalasia: |
|
Definition
| bird beak narrowing at LES |
|
|
Term
| etiology of esophageal achalasia: |
|
Definition
| dysfxn of esophageal smooth muscle, persistent increased LES tone, failure of LES to relax. |
|
|
Term
| nonsurgical tx for esophageal achalasia: |
|
Definition
| nitrates and CCBs for smooth muscle relaxing. |
|
|
Term
| tx for ETOH hepatitis (Rx and non rx): |
|
Definition
| Folate, B12, Thiamine and Rx prednisone for 4 weeks. |
|
|
Term
| Leukocytosis with bowel obstruction suggests which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plexus of dilated veins around umbilicus. name and dz? |
|
Definition
| Caput Medusa from cirrhosis of and obstruction of portal vein, |
|
|
Term
| type of CA which is common in colon ca |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CEA test for colon ca. best use of test. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cotton Wool spots seen on fundoscopic exam suggest: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Full thickness dx of colonic wall affecting any portion of GI tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of GI tract most often affected by crohn's dz |
|
Definition
| ileum, but can be found anywhere and can have skip lesions |
|
|
Term
| thumb points seen on colon x-ray, although CT is diagnostic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| columnar epithelium replaces nl squamous epithelium of distal esophagus in what dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the types of esophageal carcinomas and from what etiologies? |
|
Definition
| squamous cell (ETOH,smoking), adenocarcinoma (Barrets) |
|
|
Term
| What asthma classification if sx are <2x/week with night sx <2x/month? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What asthma classification if sx are 3-6x/week with night sx 3-4x/month? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What asthma classification if sx are qd with night sx 5+ times/month? |
|
Definition
| moderate persistent asthma |
|
|
Term
| What asthma classification if sx are continuous and frequent night sx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of chronic gastritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gastritis caused by ETOH use, NSAIDS, stress etc. (dx and tx) |
|
Definition
| acute erosive gastritis. tx includes H2 blockers, PPI, antacids |
|
|
Term
| sx: chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, DM, CHF, bronze skin, arthritis, pituitary dysfxn. constellation of sx caused by: |
|
Definition
| hemochromocytosis. iron overload. affects all organs,systems |
|
|
Term
| tx for hemochromocytosis: |
|
Definition
| weekly phlebotomy, iron chelator if pt not tolerant of phlebotomy |
|
|
Term
| labs and tests for hemochromocytosis: |
|
Definition
| elevated serum iron (>300mg/dl), elev transferrin saturation (>50%), elev urine iron secretion, liver bx is diagnostic. |
|
|
Term
| autosomal recessive dz where there is decreased copper secretion and increased storage and copper deposits. affects liver and brain and/or eyes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| confirmatory test for Wilson's dz: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hep-B immunity is seen with which test result? |
|
Definition
| having Anti-HBsAg (anti Hep-B surface antigen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IgG is antibody immunity to viral and bacterial infections, no active dz (dz danger is IgGone)
IgM is active disease
IgE is allergic reaction |
|
|
Term
| dx of large bowel, bloody diarrhea, tenesmus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bilirubin level of jaundice infant at 3 day old and cause |
|
Definition
| Bilirubin 12-15, likely cause = breast milk |
|
|
Term
| most common cause of liver abscesses |
|
Definition
| entamoeba histolytica or bacteria |
|
|
Term
| labs to indicate liver abscess |
|
Definition
| elevated WBCs & liver enzymes, Antiameobic serum antibodies (+) in >90% of pts |
|
|
Term
| cause of Mallory Weiss tear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Levels of obesity with BMI |
|
Definition
Mild = BMI of 27.5-30
Moderate = BMI of 30-40
Morbid = BMI of >40 |
|
|
Term
| type of ca for pancreatic ca |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gold standard for diagnosing 1o sclerosing cholangitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx to cure 1o sclerosing cholangitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lead pipe look of colon on abd x-ray is late stage finding of what dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nerve dz associated with fx's at key joints or nerve pathways |
|
Definition
| RSD - reflex sympathetic dystrophy |
|
|
Term
| inflammatory polyarthropathy with sacroiliitis and (+) HLA-B27 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diagnostic labs for ankylosing spondylitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Rx's to treat ankylosing spondylitis |
|
Definition
NSAIDs first, then
TNF inhibitors, which include etanercept, infliximab.
Anti-interleukin (IL) 17 antibodies, which include secukinumab and ixekizumab.
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, which include tofacitinib and upadacitinib. |
|
|
Term
| Segund fx - what is it and what does it indicate? |
|
Definition
| Avulsion fx of proximal lateral tibial cortex associated with ACL and +/- MCL injury. |
|
|
Term
| bowing of legs bc of poor bone growth of medial tibia seen in 2-4 y/o kids |
|
Definition
| Blount's dz (Blounts bows) |
|
|
Term
| de quervain's tenosynovitis location |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pain on passive extension of hand. what is this sign and what does it indicate? |
|
Definition
| Kanavels sign, seen in flexor tenosynovitis of the hand. |
|
|
Term
| tx for flexor tenosynovitis of the hand: |
|
Definition
Surgical I+D, IV abx, maybe occ therapy.
S.aureus is bug |
|
|
Term
| most common ca's which mets to bone: |
|
Definition
Breast, Liver Thyroid, prostate and kidneys.
(remember BLT with pickles and ketchup) |
|
|
Term
| degeneration of interdigit nerve 2o to entrapment/compression. most common in 3rd web space of foot. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Bouchard's and Heberden's nodes? |
|
Definition
| hard nodules at PIP and DIPs associated with osteoarthritis |
|
|
Term
| Urethritis, conjunctivitis and polyarthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Malar (cheek-bones) rash is 1o initial sign.
Also discoid rash, photosensitivity, renal d/o, Immunologic d/o, abnl ANA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| apothus ulcers form in what tissue |
|
Definition
| unkaratinized mucosa, not in keratinized tissue |
|
|
Term
| sudden unilateral painless vision loss, sluggish pupil, edematous macula: |
|
Definition
| Central retinal artery occulsion |
|
|
Term
| bacterial pathogens of conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
| Strep pneumonia, Staph sp, n. gonorrhea, chlamydia, Hem. influenza |
|
|
Term
| viral pathogens of conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
| adenovirus, HSV, Varicella, EBV, Flu, coxacky |
|
|
Term
| box car appearance of vessels on fundoscopic exam, pale optic disk, cherry red fovea |
|
Definition
| central retinal artery occlusion. |
|
|
Term
| sudden eye pain, blurred vision, rainbow halo around lights |
|
Definition
| acute angle closure glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| gradual loss of peripheral vision, eventually tunnel vision, halos around lights |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fundoscopic exam: disk margins are thin, cup is wider and deeper, atrophic disk area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| meds and tx for open 1o open angle Glaucoma |
|
Definition
| miotics and laser trabeculoplasty |
|
|
Term
| ptosis (drooping of eyelid) miosis (constriction of pupil) and anhydrosis (decreased or no sweating) is the three sx of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a Rinne test evaluate? |
|
Definition
| Hearing loss. Using tuning fork in air and on mastoids. Test for conduction loss (BC>AC) and Sensorial loss (AC>BC) |
|
|
Term
| The Weber test is a quick screening test for what? |
|
Definition
| Unilateral Hearing loss. Tuning fork is placed center forehead, and center top of head. pt sts if sounds are equal or lesser in 1 side. nl is = |
|
|
Term
| dome shaped elevation of retinal pigment membrane and depigmentation of area of retina: |
|
Definition
| macular degeneration (MD). dry MD 90% of MD. tx: none, wet MD. 10% of MD tx: laser photocoagulation. More extensive vision loss with wet form. |
|
|
Term
| treatment for macular degeneration (MD): |
|
Definition
| dry MD tx: none, wet MD tx: laser photocoagulation |
|
|
Term
| characterized by the presence of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula. What is it? |
|
Definition
| dry form (age related) of macular degeneration. tx = none |
|
|
Term
| characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels from the choroid underneath the macula. This is called choroidal neovascularization. What is it? |
|
Definition
| Wet form (age related) of macular degeneration. tx = laser photocoagulation |
|
|
Term
| Sudden onset, unilat vision loss with pain with EOMs. central vision loss, decreased color vision. swollen optic disk |
|
Definition
| Optic neuritis (MRI will show multiple white matter lesions on brain) |
|
|
Term
| tx and prognosis for optic neuritis dx? |
|
Definition
| Tx: observation, +\- steroids, sx progress for few days, plateaus an then slow resolving. total time 6-8 weeks. |
|
|
Term
| Otitis Externa pathogens: |
|
Definition
| Gm- Pseudomonas species (38% of all cases) and Staphylococcus species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Strep Pneumonae, H influenzae or M catarrhalis |
|
|
Term
| floaters and flashers are seen with what eye problem: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 59-year-old male complains of "flashing lights behind my eye" followed by a sudden loss of vision, stating that it was "like a curtain across my eye."
likely dx? |
|
Definition
Retinal detachment.
An ophthalmologic emergency!
- Flashes/floaters,
- curtain closing,
- usually unilateral vision loss,
- defects noted on peripheral visual field exam.
|
|
|
Term
| Meneres dz vs. benign vertigo |
|
Definition
| Meneres dx is chronic, BPVertigo is temporary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distension of lymphatic compartment of inner ear. |
|
|
Term
| hypertrophy of myometrium caused my endometrial tissue forming in myometrium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adenomyosis: hypertrophy of myometrium caused my endometrial tissue forming in myometrium. What is tx? |
|
Definition
| NSAIDS for sx care. Hysterectomy is cure. |
|
|
Term
CA type(s) for cervical carcinoma?
and
Disease exposure risk factor? |
|
Definition
SCC (75%), Adenosquamous (25%)
In almost all cases, cervical cancer is due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. |
|
|
Term
| sudden, unilateral pelvic pain with +\- radiation to shoulder. dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ectopic tx includes methotrexate if size is less than... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus is the etiology of what dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The triad of cyclical pelvic pain, dyspareunia and infertility is associated with what dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hormone Replacement Tx (HRT) has two 1o benefits in women: |
|
Definition
1) menopausal sx tx.
2) osteoporosis tx (fx prevention) |
|
|
Term
| which pt's are excluded from HRT (Hormone replacement therapy)? |
|
Definition
| Pt's with hx of DVT, CAD, CVA, Breast CA, Pregnant, Liver dz |
|
|
Term
| Abnl uterine bleeding in 1st trimester with noted passage of vesicular tissue: |
|
Definition
Hydatidiform Mole
An abnl pregnancy with multiple grape like vesicular appearance (sono), filling and distending the uterus. |
|
|
Term
| An abnl pregnancy with multiple grape like vesicular appearance (sono), filling and distending the uterus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common gestational trophoblastic neoplasm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mastitis: dx with exam or sono.
What is most common pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lab to confirm menopause: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
Performed at 1 and 5 min postpartum |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 stages of labor? |
|
Definition
First stage, the cervix dilates as a result of progressive rhythmic uterine contractions.
Second stage of labor is the time between complete cervical dilation and delivery of the neonate
3rd stage is delivery of placenta |
|
|
Term
HAIR-AN synd consists of hyperandrogenism (HA), insulin resist. (IR), and acanthosis nigricans (AN)
HAIR-AN is seen in which dz? |
|
Definition
PCOS
polycystic ovary syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Labs and imaging to determine PCOS |
|
Definition
FSH, LH, DHEA-S, TSH, HgbA1-C, glucose
Pelvic US confirms |
|
|
Term
| Medication to treat hirsutism in PCOS pts: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one of the dangers of Preeclampsia is HELLP. What is HELLP? |
|
Definition
Hemolysis,
Elevated
Liver enzymes,
Low
Platelet count |
|
|
Term
| Tzank smear is used to identify what dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Painful vs painless ulcers on the penis |
|
Definition
Painful penis ulcers = chancroid
Painless penis ulcers = syphilis
Remember syphilisss is painlessss |
|
|
Term
| Most common type of prostate CA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cervical friability, +nodules seen
mostly asymptomatic, but can have vaginal bleed and vaginal pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neuro dz from degeneration of the anterior horn motor neurons and corticospinal tracts. |
|
Definition
| ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) |
|
|
Term
S+Sx= ataxia (progressive, symmetrical and ascending), weakness (more severe proximally), absence of DTRs.
usually follows viral illness. dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EMG of this progressive ataxic pt shows diffuse demyelination and decreased nerve velocities. What dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic triad of wobbly, wacky and wet (gait d/o, dementia, incontinence) with this likely dx: |
|
Definition
| Normal pressure hydrocephalus |
|
|
Term
| Dz develops after 30th yr. Mutation of chromosome 4. sx: involuntary writhing movements, cognitive decline and psychiatric problems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most common genetic cause of abnormal involuntary writhing movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cloudy CSF, Higher psi, high WBC, High protein, decreased glucose. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz with alteration of T-lymphocytes, which has multiple foci of demyelination of CNS white matter. relapsing, chronic, progressive: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mild elevated protein, increased IgG index, oligoclonal bands, increased myelin basic protein |
|
|
Term
| Oligoclonal bands are an important indicator in the diagnosis of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx of MS flairs and prevention of flairs: |
|
Definition
flairs tx = corticosteroids
frequency of flairs reduction = Interferon-B and copolymer. |
|
|
Term
| intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular neuritic plaques are seen with this dz: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Class of drugs used in Alzheimer's pts to improve memory fxn: |
|
Definition
| cholinesterase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| perivascular release of substance P is one of the causes of this dz: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rhythmic 6-8hz, to and fro movement of upper extremities. sometimes head and speech affected. |
|
Definition
| Benign essential (familial) tremors |
|
|
Term
| Tx for Benign essential tremors: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
intentional (cerebellar) tremors are a result of what dz's?
Also... Tx? |
|
Definition
Causes include damage or degradation of the cerebellum due to neurodegenerative diseases, trauma, tumor, stroke, or toxicity.
Tx: no known cure, but using same txs for essential tremors has shown some promise. |
|
|
Term
| Asterixis: wrist joint flapping tremors is sign of: |
|
Definition
It can be a sign of hepatic encephalopathy, damage to brain cells presumably due to the inability of the liver to metabolize ammonia to urea. |
|
|
Term
| resting tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity are signs of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Kayser-Fleischer rings seen on the cornea? |
|
Definition
| Seen in Wilson's dz. copper rings that appear to encircle the iris of the eye. They are due to copper deposition in part of the cornea |
|
|
Term
| Loss of sensation and motor function (paralysis and anesthesia) that is caused by the lateral hemisection (cutting) of the spinal cord. dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
DSM IV
Axis 1, 2 and 3. What are these? |
|
Definition
Axis 1 - clinical d/o
Axis 2 - personality d/o
Axis 3 - medical condition |
|
|
Term
| Explain schizoid vs. schizotypal personality d/o. |
|
Definition
schizoid - no desire or enjoyment of close relationships.
schizotypal - eccentric behavior, odd, magical beliefs. |
|
|
Term
| behavior where pt disregards rights of others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| behavior where pt has intense, but highly unstable relationships: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| behavior where pt needs to be center of attention: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| behavior where pt has a sense of grandiosity and self importance. sense of entitlement, lack of sympathy: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in dependent personality d/o, the pt feels... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in avoidant personality d/o, a person feels... |
|
Definition
| in fear of shame or ridicule. |
|
|
Term
| erythema migrans (expanding anular/bulls-eye rash) is seen with this dx: |
|
Definition
Lyme dz
It is a pathognomonic sign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Heinz Bodies and
Elevated Reticulocyte Count dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Howell-Jolly Bodies are associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cheilosis, Atophic Glossitis and Pica are all associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basophilic Stippling is seen in: |
|
Definition
- Lead poisoning (microcytic anemia)
- Alpha-thalassemia, HbH Disease
- Hereditary Pyrimidine 5'-Nucleotidase Deficiency
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
|
|
|
Term
| Strict Vegan Diet can lead to: |
|
Definition
| Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia and Pernicious anemia |
|
|
Term
| Auer rods are seen in what dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gingival Hyperplasia is seen in |
|
Definition
| AML (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia), Sarcoidosis, some neoplasms. |
|
|
Term
| 9/22 Translocation is seen in which dx: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Smudge Cells are seen in which dx? |
|
Definition
CLL
(also sometimes in Mono) |
|
|
Term
| Common s+sx include pruritus and severe burning pain in the hands or feet that is usually accompanied by a reddish or bluish coloration of the skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phlebotomy (blood letting) |
|
|
Term
| a myeloproliferative blood cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. It may also result in the overproduction of white blood cells and platelets: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tear drop RBCs are seen with which dx: |
|
Definition
Myelofibrosis
a bone marrow neoplasm |
|
|
Term
Monoclonal Spike seen on electrophoresis.
dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reed-Sternberg Cells are giant lymphocytes seen in which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| caused by the excessive breakdown and formation of bone, followed by disorganized bone remodeling. Commonly affecting vertebrae, pelvis, femur and cranium: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No cure, but meds (bisphosphonates and calcitonin) can help control the disorder and lessen pain and other symptoms. |
|
|
Term
| Fragile X Chromosome causes: |
|
Definition
| Inherited Mental Retardation and autism |
|
|
Term
| C5 nerve distribution affects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C6 nerve distribution affects |
|
Definition
| bicep and wrist extension |
|
|
Term
| C7 nerve distribution affects |
|
Definition
| tricep down to middle finger |
|
|
Term
| L5 nerve distribution affects |
|
Definition
| muscles that raise the foot and big toe |
|
|
Term
| S1 nerve distribution affects |
|
Definition
| the large gastronemius muscle in the back of the calf, causing difficulty with foot push off |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pain with Rotation of Head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pain with Hyperextension of Neck |
|
|
Term
| Serum concentrations of p24 antigen are high in which early phase of dz? |
|
Definition
| Early, Acute HIV infection. |
|
|
Term
| Treponema pallidum is a spirochaete bacterium. It is the 1o bug in this dx: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a mosquito-borne infectious dz of humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans of the genus Plasmodium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluoroquinolones, doxy, cleocin |
|
|
Term
| Finkelstein's Test where the hand is to the side in anatomical position. The provider grasps the thumb and ulnar-deviates the hand sharply. If sharp pain occurs along the distal radius, the pt likely has: |
|
Definition
| DeQuervan's Tenosynovitis |
|
|
Term
| Pain with Elbow Extension at lateral elbow is "Tennis Elbow" (lateral epicondylitis). What is likely dx with Pain with Flexion of Elbow and Wrist Pronation |
|
Definition
| Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis) |
|
|
Term
| Factor 8 Deficiency is classic for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cotton Worker common dz, also called "brown lung disease" or "Monday fever": |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metallic Iron Exposure causes which dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline dust by miners, and is marked by inflammation and scarring in the form of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Tea Colored" Urine and RBC casts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A lung CA which is thought to originate from neuroendocrine cells in the bronchus called Feyrter cells which express a variety of neuroendocrine markers, and may lead to ectopic production of hormones like ADH and ACTH that may result in paraneoplastic syndromes and Cushing's syndrome. Type of CA |
|
Definition
| Small cell or Oat cell lung CA |
|
|
Term
| Bird Beak Appearance on Barium Swallow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased abdominal pain with food: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decreased abdominal pain with food: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Palpable Gallbladder also known as Courvier's Sign indicates what dx: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HLA-B27 surface antigen is strongly associated with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is attacked by a variety of cell- and antibody-mediated immune processes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis pt are at higher risk for what CA |
|
Definition
| Thyroid lymphoma, generally the B-cell type, non-Hodgkin lymphoma. |
|
|
Term
| Increase in ACTH is seen in which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Red Ciliary Flush and high IOP is seen in which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Steamy Cornea is seen with what dx? |
|
Definition
| Acute angle closure glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| Butterfly Rash, Alopecia, High ANA: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common presenting symptom is painless melena followed by intestinal obstruction, volvulus and intussusception. Occasionally, may present with all the features of acute appendicitis |
|
Definition
| Meckel's Diverticulum, diverticulitis |
|
|
Term
| Location and gestational development of Meckel's Diverticulum |
|
Definition
| at the distal ileum near the iliocecal valve. on the antimesenteric side and has its own blood supply. It is a remnant of the connection from the yolk sac to the small intestine present during embryonic development. |
|
|
Term
| caused by a non–beta islet cell, gastrin-secreting tumor of the pancreas that stimulates the acid-secreting cells of the stomach to maximal activity, with consequent gastrointestinal mucosal ulceration. |
|
Definition
| Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome (ZES) |
|
|
Term
| Fine, Pink Maculopapular Rash |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibodies Against Acetylcholine Receptors, Fatigue with Chewing dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Progressive Weakness Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Involved |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thickening of the Skin with Telangiectasias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pain and Stiffness without Weakness, Acute Onset, Markedly Elevated ESR dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dry Eyes, Dry Mouth, Dysphagia with Parotid Enlargement. Dx?
Who do you refer to? |
|
Definition
Sjogren's Syndrome
Refer to Rheumatology |
|
|
Term
Granulomatosis Inflammation of Lungs
Non-Caseating Granulomas, Erythema Nodosum, Symmetric Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An autoimmune disease that results in a chronic painful synovial joints with morning Stiffness, Swan Neck Deformity, boutonniere deformity and the development of fibrous tissue (pannus) in the synovium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urethritis, Conjunctivitis, Oligoarthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most Common Pathogen for Pneumonia in EtOH Abusers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lachman Test is to test for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Negative Prehn's sign indicates no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle. This result suggests what dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive Prehn's sign indicates there is pain relief with lifting the affected testicle. This result suggests what dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A connective tissue disorder involving the growth of fibrous plaques in the soft tissue of the penis affecting 5% of men causing pain, abnormal curvature, erectile dysfunction, indentation, loss of girth and shortening. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteinuria WITH (not w/o) hematuria suggests what dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteinuria WITHOUT (not w/) hematuria suggests what dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RBC Casts in urine suggest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Flashers and Floaters,
Curtain Over Vision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unilateral Acute Headache with Injected Eye and Clear Nasal Discharge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spaghetti and Meatballs look under microscope: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Renal tubular Necrosis or Acute Tubular Necrosis |
|
|
Term
| Foul, Greasy Stool, Infected Water, No Obvious Blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Smokers with Black Finger Tips |
|
Definition
| Thromboagintis Obliterans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neuro event where pt has Locked in Syndrome. What dx? what area is dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Motion of exam Meaning: Turned Out |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Motion of exam Meaning: Turned in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Continuous Colonic Bleeding Ulcers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bowel dz with Skips Areas, Fistulas and Apthoid Ulcers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chocolate Agar medium to grow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gray Membrane seen in the throat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Strawberry Tongue is seen with which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trismus
Submental Tenderness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Vincent's Angina, "Trench Mouth", Fusobacterium/Treponema and
Tx options |
|
Definition
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
Bacteria implicated in the condition are Treponema vincentii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia.
Treatment is by correcting oral hygiene deficiencies, oxygenating mouthwashes, and systemic antibiotic therapy. |
|
|
Term
| Central Obesity, HTN, DM II, Low HDL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Group A Strep, Painful, Well Demarcated "Fiery Red Face" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High IgE with Recurrent Staph Furunculosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fifth's Disease is what virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute or chronic inflammatory arthritis that causes pain in one or more joints and elevated white blood cell count. Elevated Calcium Pyrophosphate is also seen with this. |
|
Definition
Calcium Pyrophosphate Arthritis.
also called
Pseudogout or Chondrocalcinosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sx: begins as a painless, pruritic papule that appears 1 to 7 days after exposure. |
|
Definition
Anthrax
Bacililus anthracies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Osteogenesis Imperfecta.
Other signs are brittle bones and deafness. |
|
|
Term
Roth Spots
Janeway Lesions, Osler's Nodes, Splinter Hemorrhage, Conjunctival, Palatal, Subungual Petechiae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Painless Red Lesions on the Palms and Soles seen in Endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Painful, Violaceous, Raised Lesions of the Fingers, Toes, or Feet seen in Endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coninuous "Machinery" Murmur at S2 at 2nd LICS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood & Thunder Retina, Sudden, Unilateral Blurred or Loss of Vision. dx? |
|
Definition
| Central Retinal Vein Occlusion |
|
|
Term
| Defect of Peripheral Vision, Increased cup-to-disc ratio. Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sluggish Pupillary Response, proptosis, decreased EOM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elevated, yellowish, Conjunctival Mass on Sclera Adjacent to Cornea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fleshy, Triangular Mass which Grows from Nasal Side Toward Cornea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Temporal Tenderness, Highly Elevated ESR, Permanent Blindness if Untreated. dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. Involves a lack of coordination between the extraocular muscles, which prevents bringing the gaze of each eye to the same point in space, hampers proper binocular vision. dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Night Blindness, Xerosis, Bitot's Spots (White Patches on Conjunctivae) dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ptosis, Miosis and Unilateral Facial Anhidrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Horizontal Nystagmus with Fast-Paced Beats, Away from Defect dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonfatigable Vertical Nystagmus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Painless, White Areas on tongue and buccal mucosa seen with Tobacco, Smokers, AIDs, EtOH. Cannot Be Scraped Off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most Common Pathogen for CAP in Cystic Fibrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tachypnea, Retractions. RSV most common pathogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most Common Types of Lung Cancer |
|
Definition
| 85% are Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or Large cell carcinoma. 10-15% are small cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Headache, Plethora (red, flushed face), Dyspnea, Facial edema, Venous distention in the neck and distended veins in the upper chest and arms |
|
Definition
| Superior Vena Cava Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Pink Puffers, Barrel Chested, Weight Loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blue Bloaters, Pursed-Lip Breathing, Overweight and Cyanotic, Peribronchial and Perivascular Markings |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio & FEV1 Decreases with severity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decreased Ratio FEV1/FVC & Increase in FEV1 after bronchodilator therapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypercoagulability, Venous Stasis, Vascular Inflammation or Injury |
|
Definition
| Virchow's Triad seen in events leading to Embolisms |
|
|
Term
| Protein Rich Pulmonary Edema, Frothy Pink or Red Sputum, Hx of : Sepsis, Multiple Trauma, or Aspiration of gastric contents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In newborns, Deficiency of Surfactant, "Ground Glass" on x-ray and doming of the diaphragm, Brief stop in breathing (apnea), Decreased urine output, Grunting, Nasal flaring, Rapid breathing |
|
Definition
| Infant Resp Distress Synd (IRDS) from Hyaline Membrane Disease |
|
|
Term
| Yellowish or Gray, Scaly and Greasy Looking Papules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leather like, Well-Circumscribed, Highly Pruritic Plaques, Caused by repeated scratching and rubbing of atopic dermatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leather like Thickened Skin with Distinct Borders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Poxvirus Discrete, Fleshcolored, Waxy Dome-Shaped Umbilcated Papules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When slight rubbing of the skin results in exfoliation of the outermost layer, forming a blister within minutes |
|
Definition
| Nikolsky's Sign. seen in Pemphigus Vulgaris |
|
|
Term
| Fragile Vesicles or Bullae which are Easily Ruptured. Nikolsky's Sign+ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Severe, deep-seated, recalcitrant folliculitis with surrounding eczema |
|
Definition
Sycosis, an inflammation of hair follicles, especially of the beard area. Usually chronic.
Can be fungal, bacterial, viral or inflammatory and is usually papulopustual. |
|
|
Term
| Severe form of EM with Mucocutaneous blistering rxn, commonly caused by drug rxn. Sheet-like loss of epidermis, Raised, Flaccid Blisters, Necrotic epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life-Threatening Severe form of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome |
|
Definition
| toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) |
|
|
Term
| Apocrine Gland Disease, Tender Inflammatory Nodules or Abscess Form Lesions NOT related to hair follicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Koilocytotic Squamous Cells, Cauliflower Appearance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| benign plaque, beige to brown-black, velvety, warty surface that appears "Stuck On" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonhealing, Translucent or Pearly Papule, Surface telangietasias, Central Erosion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Skin Darkens, Appears Dirty, Thickens, & Velvety
Obesity and Insulin Resistance Common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperpigmentation associated with Pregnancy, OCPs, and Estrogen. Uniform Color |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Painful, Edematous, Very Red, Indurated, Spreading Lesions with a Raised Border.
Group A Strep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonpainful, Numerous, Pale Pink, Discrete Lesions with projections on a broad base. Smooth or velvety, moist surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Violaceous or Blue Vesicular or Bullous Rash. Viral-Like Prodrome. Abrupt onset severe pain mimic peritonitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Neoplastic type of lesion occurring in the proximal 2/3 of the esophagus.
What type of cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gram- Spiral-Shaped Bacillus
Type B gastritis. Involves antrum and body of stomach, PUD, Gastric adenocarcinoma & G.lymphoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urea breath test to identify... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| caused by a non–beta islet cell, gastrin-secreting tumor of the pancreas that stimulates the acid-secreting cells of the stomach to maximal activity, with consequent gastrointestinal mucosal ulceration. |
|
Definition
| Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Left Supraclavicular Lymph Node |
|
|
Term
| Common extranodal site for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
|
Definition
| Stomach - Gastric Lymphoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adhesions (most common), Hernias, Neoplasm, Crohn's |
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of Large Bowel Obstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Progression is Distal to Proximal, Continuous, Mucosal Surface, Tenesmus and Bloody, Pus-Filled Diarrhea, Smoking May Suppress Frequency of Episodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of chronic or recurrent abdominal pain in the US. Pain worse with food and typically relieved by defecation. Postprandial Urgency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of Intussesception in: 1) Children 2) Adults |
|
Definition
1) Post Viral Infection
2) Neoplasm (therefore barium enema should not be used, CT is best |
|
|
Term
| Colicky Pain, Currant Jelly Stools, "Sausage-Like" Mass on Palpation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Systemic Immune Response 15-20 days after exposure to Strep Pharyngitis, Peak age 5-15, Jones' Criteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibits Pre-synaptic release of Acetylcholine at NMJ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vesicular Lesions with Blue-Black Centers that ulcerate and necrose |
|
Definition
| Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) |
|
|
Term
| Massive Diarrhea causing Death From Hypovolemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interferes with neurotransmission at spinal synapses of inhibitory neurons causing Uncontrolled spasm and exaggerated reflexes from Puncture Wounds |
|
Definition
| Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) |
|
|
Term
| Peyer's Patches. Bacteremia and Pea Soup Diarrhea. Pink papules on trunk that fade with pressure |
|
Definition
| Enteric (Typhoid) Fever. caused by Salamonella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Colonocopy shows inflamed, engorged mucosa, Punctate Lesions, or Ulcers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tenacious Gray Membrane which covers tonsils and requires Horse Serum Antitoxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperplastic Prickle Cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hutchinson's Sign. what is it? |
|
Definition
| A skin lesion on the tip of the nose precedes the development of ophthalmic herpes zoster. |
|
|
Term
| A skin lesion on the tip of the nose precedes the development of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Illness occurs in immunocompromised or posttransplant patients. Symptoms similar to Mono w/out pharyngitis or respiratory symptoms,"Pizza Pie" Retinitis, Intracytoplasmic Inclusions "Owls' Eyes" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dimorphic Fungus from Soil with Bird or Bat Droppings, "Miliary Infiltrates" and urine antigen assay |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Illness in Immunodeficient Patients.
Encapsulated, Budding Yeast from Soil contaminated by Pigeon Fecies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common opportunistic infection in HIV disease |
|
Definition
| Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCJ) formally P. carnii PCP) |
|
|
Term
| Loosely attached to mucosa, primarily cecum. Lay eggs on perianal skin. Perianal Pruritis, crawling sensation worse at night. Secondary excoriations and impetigo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gummatous Lesions, Chronic meningitis, Tabes Dorsalis, Argyll Robertson Pupil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Argyll Robertson Pupil seen in which dx? |
|
Definition
| neurosyphilis (tertiary syphilis) |
|
|
Term
| Bilateral small pupils that reduce in size when the patient focuses on a near object (they “accommodate”), but do not constrict when exposed to bright light (they do not “react” to light). |
|
Definition
| Argyll Robertson Pupil seen in neurosyphilis (tertiary syphilis) |
|
|
Term
| Abnormal Skin of Mucous Membranes, Nasal Discharge (Snuffles), hepatosplenomegaly. Anemia, Osteochondritis. If untreated: interstitial keratitis, Hutchinson's Teeth, Saddle Nose, Deafness, and CNS abnormalities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hutchinson's Teeth, Saddle Nose, Deafness, and CNS abnormalities are seen in which dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction |
|
Definition
| fever, toxic state, occurs with sudden massive destruction of spirochetes (syphilis). To prevent: Give pyretics during first 24h of treatment |
|
|
Term
Facial Flushing and Conjunctival Injection, Faint Macules, maculopapules, petechiae develop
Wrist and ankles first then spread to extremities and trunk
From wood tick bite
CSF: Pleocytosis and Hypoclycorrhachia |
|
Definition
| Rocky Mountain Spotted fever |
|
|
Term
| Elevated BP associated with papilledema and other encephalopathy or neuropathy. May progress to Renal Failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common BP medication which must be avoided in bilateral renal artery stenosis: |
|
Definition
| ACE-I, because it vasoconstricts the renal efferent areterioles causing reduced GFR |
|
|
Term
| Parasternal Lift, Enlarged Apical Impulse, Diminished 1st Heart Sound, S3 Gallop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Post-MI Syndrome of Pericarditis, Fever, Leukocytosis, Pericardial or Pleural effusion, Usually 1-2 weeks post-MI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pressure Ulcer from Fecal mass in fecal impaction pressing against colon wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patient is supine and attempts to raise the leg against resistance. Pain in RLQ is evaluated with this sign: |
|
Definition
Psoas sign
Tests for Appendicitis |
|
|
Term
| Patient is supine and attempts to flex and internally rotate right hip with knee bent. Pain in RLQ is evaluated with this sign: |
|
Definition
Obturator sign
Tests for Appendicitis |
|
|
Term
| Pancreatic Calcification, Steatorrhea and DM is the classic traiad for identification of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Courvoisier's Law: an enlarged gallbladder which is nontender and accompanied with mild jaundice is likely what dx: |
|
Definition
| Malignancy of Pancreas or GB and is unlikely caused by Gallstones |
|
|
Term
Chronic thickening of bile duct walls, 80% association with IBD, esp UC.
Strongly assoicated with Cholangiocarcinoma, also Pancreatic and Colorectal Carcinoma. Jaundice and Pruritis most common sx. Liver Transplant only tx with known survival benefit |
|
Definition
| Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) |
|
|
Term
| It is an indicator of active viral replication; this means the person infected with Hepatitis B can likely transmit the virus on to another person (i.e. the person is infectious). |
|
Definition
HBcAg
Hepatitis B core antigen |
|
|
Term
| Fatigue, malaise, anorexia, nausea, Tea-Colored Urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for Hep C, before 2013 |
|
Definition
| Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2a or 2b and Ribavirin |
|
|
Term
| Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi) and Simeprevir (Olysio) were approved by the FDA to treat what chronic viral infection. They are effective (curative) in 80%-95% of patients. They work by blocking a protein needed by the virus to multiply. What is the dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Passage of intestine through external ring at Hesselbach's Triangle. Occurs medial to the inferior epigastric vessels when abdominal contents herniate through a weak spot in the fascia of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Occurs when abdominal contents protrude through the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
Most common type |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congenital abnormality Caused by absence of Meissner's and Auerbach's Autonomic Plexuses Enervating the Bowel Wall. Sx: constipation or Obstipation, Vomiting, and Failure to Thrive |
|
Definition
| Hirschsprung's Disease aka Congenital Megacolon |
|
|
Term
| Deficiency Causes:Megaloblastic Anemia, Poor Nerve Function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiency Causes: Megaloblastic Anemia, Sore tongue, Diarrhea, Mental disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiency Causes: Heachache, Seizures. Flaky Skin, Sore Tongue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiency Causes: Dermatitis, Tongue Pain, Anemia, Depression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiency Causes: Rickets, Osteomalacia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxicity of this causes: Hypercalcemia, Kidney Stones, Soft-Tissue Deposits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rare autosomal recessive inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can cause mental retardation and movement disorders if undiagnosed by age 3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abrupt, Intense Abdominal Pain, Out of proportion to PE findings |
|
Definition
| Acute Mesenteric Arterial Occlusion (ischemia) |
|
|
Term
| Patients with Long QT syndrome should avoid this class of Antibiotics |
|
Definition
| Macrolides and some fluorquinolones |
|
|
Term
14 y/o presents with fever, myalgias, arthralgias, carditis, and polyarthritis, ASO titer +
Tx of choice for fever and arthralgias is? |
|
Definition
| Salicylates (ASA) drug of choice in Rheumatic Fever |
|
|
Term
| pulsus paradoxus - the exaggerated decline of BP during inspiration is seen with what dx? |
|
Definition
| tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, massive PE |
|
|
Term
| pulsus alterans - a physical finding with arterial pulse waveform showing alternating strong and weak beats.It is almost always indicative of: |
|
Definition
| left ventricular systolic impairment |
|
|
Term
| Hyperventilation with deep, rapid sighing is what type of breathing and seen with what dx? |
|
Definition
| Kussmaul Breathing seen in metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea. Seen with Pons damage. poor prognosis |
|
|
Term
| scotoma - areas of partial blindness in field of vision is seen with which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acoustic neurinoma, labyrithitis and Menieres dz are all causes of this sx: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kopliks spots - small red spots with bluish-white centers are seen with which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Janeway spots/lesions - tiny red lesions on palms and soles - are seen with which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Roth Spots - subrentinal hemorrhages with pale centers - are seen with which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oslers Nodes - tense raised nodules on fingers and toes - are seen with which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heberden's nodes - painless bony enlargement of the DIP - are seen with which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Virchow's node - palpable supraclavicular lymph node - is seen with which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cullen's sign - hemorrhagic patches near umbilicus - are seen with which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Turners sign - hemorrhagic patches at flanks - are seen with which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spider angioma - telangiectasia on face and neck - are seen with which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| asterixis - flapping tremors - involving the wrist joints and fingers - are seen with which dx? |
|
Definition
| hallmark of hepatic encephalopathy |
|
|
Term
| decorticate posturing is indicative of: |
|
Definition
| damage to corticospinal tract |
|
|
Term
| decerebrate posturing is indicative of: |
|
Definition
| damage to upper brainstem |
|
|
Term
| Common lab value seen in Addisons and with ACE inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABG with pH up, paCo2 up is what Acid Base result? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABG with pH up, paCo2 down is what Acid Base result? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABG with pH down, paCo2 down is what Acid Base result? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABG with pH down, paCo2 up is what Acid Base result? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| water bottle sign on CXR is seen on which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| honeycombing on CXR is seen on which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lead pipe sign on abdominal XR is seen on which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cobble-stoning is seen on abd x-ray with which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| napkin ring seen in the right abd on x-ray indicates: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| apple core seen in the left abd on x-ray indicates: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EKG with prolonged P-R, shortened Q-T and scooping depressed ST segment indicates what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S3 and S4 gallop is seen with what dz? Hint Galloping horses have big hearts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Total cholesterol calculation(s) |
|
Definition
TC = HDL + LDL + VLDL
TC = HDL + LDL + (Triglycerides/5) |
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol results and how they identify risk for CAD |
|
Definition
TC > 240 increased risk for CAD
LDL > 160 increased risk for CAD
HDL < 35 increased risk for CAD
HDL > 60 protective against CAD
LDL/HDL rastio < 4 desirable |
|
|
Term
| decreased serum ferritin indicates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iron TIBC (transferrin) lab increased indicates: |
|
Definition
blood loss
iron deficiency anemia
Oral contraceptives |
|
|
Term
| Iron TIBC (transferrin) lab decreased indicates: |
|
Definition
anemia of chronic dz
cirrhosis
nephrotic syndrome |
|
|
Term
| if transferrin saturation is <15%, this indicates: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cotton wool scull on xray indicates: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| punched out radiolucent areas on a scull xray indicate: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flash or rapid pulmonary edema likely cause: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Occurs several weeks after MI
pericardial and pleural effusions
fever, joint pains
tends to recur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common viruses which cause pericarditis: |
|
Definition
| Coxsackie A and B, also ECHO virus |
|
|
Term
| Classes I through IV CHF designation. What are the Classes defined? |
|
Definition
Class I - no sx with nl activity
Class II - sx with normal activity
Class III - sx with minimal activity
Class IV - sx at rest |
|
|
Term
vasospasms of finger arteries
cyanosis followed by hyperemia (red)
precipitated by cold or emotional upset |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quinidine to prolong A-V time |
|
|
Term
| Bacteria most common for infective endocarditis (General population and drug users) |
|
Definition
General population - strep viridans
Drug users - staph aureus |
|
|
Term
| Pleural effusions with higher protein on aspirate, will happen in more acute setting. type and causes: |
|
Definition
Type - exudative
Caused by infection, malignancy, PE |
|
|
Term
| Pleural effusions with lower protein on aspirate, will happen in less acute setting. type and causes: |
|
Definition
Type - transudative
Caused by chronic dz: CHF, Nephrotic syndrome and liver failure |
|
|
Term
non-caseating granulomas
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy.
dx involves liver, spleen, eyes and skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
non-caseating granulomas
hilar lymphadenopathy.
Ghon complex -calcified peripheral nodule plus calcified hilar lymph node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| current jelly sputum indicates which bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacteria commin with CF pt pnemonias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fungal pneumonia seen in immunocompromised pts |
|
Definition
| PCP - pneumocystis carinii |
|
|
Term
Lung cancers by location and commonality
SCC -
Adenocarcinoma -
Large Cell -
Small Cell - |
|
Definition
SCC - 35% central
Adenocarcinoma - 35% peripheral
Large Cell - 15% central/peripheral
Small Cell - 15%, central, poorest prognosis |
|
|
Term
| Lung CA staging (different than others) |
|
Definition
Stage I - 3cm or less tumor
Stage II - >3cm or invades broncus or visceral pleura
Stage III - invades chest wall or diaphragm.
Stage IV invades mediastinum or trachea or esophagus, or veterbral body or shows pleural effusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Earliest lab indicator of acute Hepatitis B infection |
|
Definition
| anti-HBc (C-you have the dz) |
|
|
Term
| Lab indicator of Hepatitis B immunity after infection or vaccination |
|
Definition
| anti-HBs (Your Hepatitis is SSStable) |
|
|
Term
| Duke stages A through D for colorectal ca and 5yr survival for each |
|
Definition
Duke A - Limited to mucosa. 5yr survival 95%
Duke B - extends to serosa. 5 yr survival 65%
Duke C - extends to regional Lymph nodes. 5 yr survival 30%
Duke D - distant Mets 5y survival 5% |
|
|
Term
| RBC casts in UA indicate: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Azotemia (azot, "nitrogen" + -emia, "blood condition") is characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing compounds. it is caused by: |
|
Definition
| insufficient filtering of blood by the kidneys. Can lead to uremia |
|
|
Term
Kidney labs of azotemia
(renal insufficiency/failure): |
|
Definition
Bun >20, Creatinine >1.5
in Azotemia, nitrogen is elevated in urea and creatinine. Can lead to uremia. |
|
|
Term
| ARF has 3 types. prerenal, renal and post renal. what are the 1o causes of each? |
|
Definition
prerenal - low cardiac output
renal - acute kidney dz's
postrenal - obstruction (stone) |
|
|
Term
| dirty brown granular casts in urine indicate: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nephritic vs. Nephrotic syndromes |
|
Definition
Nephritic - RBC and hematuria
Nephrotic - proteins and lipids in urine. systemic edema. |
|
|
Term
| compare epididymitis vs. torsion with pain change with elevation of teste: |
|
Definition
epididymitis - pain relieved with teste elevation.
torsion - no change in pain with elevated |
|
|
Term
| AIDS is dx with positive HIV test and what other requirement(s) |
|
Definition
CD4 count <200 or
CD4 count <14% or
opportunistic infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| erythroderma (sunburn skin) on hands and feet of young females. |
|
|
Term
| thalassemia anemia is a microcytic anemia which has particular identifiable cells. what are they? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| burr cells are seen in which normocytic anemia dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dz with Reed-Sternberg cells. They are usually derived from B lymphocytes. they are the hallmark of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Considering Hodgkin's dz vs. non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which form has a Leukemia component? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| palliative vs cure treatments for CML |
|
Definition
Palliative = continuous hydroxyurea and alpha interferon
Cure = Bone marrow transplant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most don't require specific therapy, prednisone for fatigue and LAD |
|
|
Term
| if FSH and LH hormones are low, this indicates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| weakness, malaise, nausea and vomiting with hyperpigmentation of skin: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After long term glucocorticoid use, moon face, buffalo hump. dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary corticoadrenal insufficiency: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dexamethasone suppression test to identify: |
|
Definition
Cushings syndrome
Failure to suppress confirms Cushings |
|
|
Term
| An autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is attacked by a variety of cell- and antibody-mediated immune processes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| resting tremors and pill rolling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Huntington's chorea is associated to a defect in which chromosome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a systemic polyneuropathy following minor infections, immunizations or surgical procedures with sx of symetrical extremity weakness starting distally but settling in proximal muscles. Preceding infections with Campylobacter jejuni |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of primary intracranial neoplasms are of what type? |
|
Definition
| appx half of all are gliomas, the remaining half are meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, neurofibromas and others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hordeolum (stye):a red, painful sore lump near the edge of the eyelid, caused by an infected eyelash follicle.
Chalazion: when an oil-producing gland in the eyelid called the meibomian gland becomes enlarged and the gland opening becomes clogged with oil and tend to develop farther from the edge of the eyelid than styes. Often larger than stye, a chalazia usually isn't painful. |
|
|
Term
| severe headache with nasal congestion and lacrimal dc, no aura, no facial pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a funduscopic exam, focusing on a distant object serves what purpose? |
|
Definition
| keeps eye still and dilates pupil from distant focusing |
|
|
Term
| pronator drift is associated with which area dysfunction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Having the pt say ahhh and looking at the uvula's central or deviated movement evaluates which CN? |
|
Definition
CN-X
abnl test result, the uvula deviates toward deficit |
|
|
Term
| Touch sensation may be preserved despite cord damage because? |
|
Definition
| fibers travel on both sides of cord |
|
|
Term
| The most sever form of MS is: |
|
Definition
Relapsing/progressive.
Because, these pts have chronic sx with occasional and worsening flairs and little remissions. |
|
|
Term
| Athetosis: a condition in which abnormal muscle contractions cause involuntary spastic or writhing movements. Is seen commonly in which dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 cardinal motor signs of Parkinsons dz are: |
|
Definition
| tremor (resting or postural), bradykinesia, and rigidity |
|
|
Term
| Which infection is sometimes the cause of Bells Palsy? |
|
Definition
| Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme dz and some OM can cause this dz) |
|
|
Term
| increased IOP can result in which funduscopic finding? |
|
Definition
| increased cup, >1/2 disc diameter |
|
|
Term
| Painful red eyes and decreased vision with noted preauricular LAD. These findings suggest: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A nodule, usually in the nasal side of conjunctiva, with mild discoloration: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Yellow red lesion in the nasal sclera which can interfere with vision: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pinguecula is a discolored nodule usually in the nasal conjunctiva.. Pterygium is a vascularized lesion usually on the nasal conjunctiva that may encroach on the cornea affecting vision. |
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|
Term
| Polymorphonuclear leukocytes with intracellular gram negative diplococci are presumptive of which bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Systemic and topical steriods have what affect on intraocular pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common useful meds for tx of glaucoma: |
|
Definition
| Cholinergics (Pilocarpine),, anticholinesterases and sympathomimetics |
|
|
Term
| Action of Pilocarpine in glaucoma tx: |
|
Definition
| They facilitate the outflow of aqueous by contraction of the ciliary body. |
|
|
Term
| The optic tract is located where? |
|
Definition
| After the cerebellum and before the optic chiasm. includes left and right vision nerves |
|
|
Term
| The right optic nerve is located where and what areas of vision are the affected by the nerves? |
|
Definition
| After the optic chiasm and before the eye. includes right medial and central vision nerve intervention and left nerve intervention for lateral right eye vision. |
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|
Term
| Red hyperplastic lesions on the oral mucosa is an indicator for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Noise, drug induced loss, acousitc neuromas, Menieres dz, presbycusis and infection cause what type of hearing loss? |
|
Definition
| sensorineural hearing loss |
|
|
Term
| otosclerosis, exostosis and glomus tumors cause what type of hearing loss. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A positive Weber test refers more sound to which ear? |
|
Definition
The affected hearing loss ear.
A normal Weber test has equal sounds in both ears. |
|
|
Term
| Common Acute OM bacterias: |
|
Definition
| S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. epidermis |
|
|
Term
| Common chronic OM bacterias: |
|
Definition
| Pseudomonas and enteric gm negatives |
|
|
Term
| An air bone gap on audiogram is consistent with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt's with normal hearing or sensorineural hearing loss will have what air-bone gap on an audiogram? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two or more weeks of hoarseness w/o other signs of infection indicates: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sensorineural hearing loss may result in pathology from where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology from the TM, ear canal, malleus and ossicle chain cause what type of hearing loss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| possible cause of chronic or recurrent nasal congestion: |
|
Definition
| Chronic sinusitis, GERD, Sleep apnea, nasal polyps, Hypothyroid, Sarcoidosis, pregnancy as well as the usual allergies, URIs and abuse of nose drops |
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|
Term
| Edema, rubor on legs with dependency is associated with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Edema, cyanosis with dependency is associated with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lack of plasma protein (albumin) decreases colloid osmotic pressure in vessels causing: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pigmentation of the skin with noted edema is a result of what chronic condition? |
|
Definition
| chronic venous insuffieciency. |
|
|
Term
| Atherosclerosis forms on what portion of the arteries? |
|
Definition
| The Tunica (layer) Intima (inner) |
|
|
Term
[image]
what does this show? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
what does this show? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What does this show and what dz? |
|
Definition
| Ground glass as seen in Sarcoidosis |
|
|
Term
[image]
What does this show and what dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What does this show and what dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Painful straining during a bowel movement, defines: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fecundity is multiparity. How does this affect risk of cholecystitis? |
|
Definition
| It increases risk (5 F's) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Referred rebound tenderness. ex: pain in RLQ after attempting rebound tenderness in LLQ |
|
|
Term
| pink, purple striae seen on abdominal inspection indicates: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are anticholinergic drugs a good treatment for acute pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
| No. Contraindicated. Tx should include: Fluids, NPO, pain control, NG suction. |
|
|
Term
| Sudden, steady RUQ or epigastric pain that is worst within 1 hour of onset... dx? |
|
Definition
| Biliary colic (biliary colic is steady pain) |
|
|
Term
| Medical therapy (not surgical) for symptomatic gallstone therapy: |
|
Definition
| Bile acid dissolusion meds for surgical refusals or those too sick for surgery. |
|
|
Term
| Where does pancreatic ca mets? |
|
Definition
| Nearby organs. Most Pancreatic carcinomas spread by direct contact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Azulfidine (sulfasalazine) |
|
|
Term
| The definition of "guarding" during abdominal exam: |
|
Definition
| involuntary spasm of muscles overlying an inflamed organ, |
|
|
Term
| medication helpful with hepatic encephalopathy |
|
Definition
| lactulose (lowers blood ammonia by trapping in the GI tract |
|
|
Term
| MME (mini-mental status exam) is the best tool for evaluating what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spinal level which affects the medial ankle: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive cross strait leg raise low back pain suggest: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HLA-B27 elevation is specific for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The production of multiple autoantibodies is the defining characteristic of which dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of SLE includes: |
|
Definition
Hydroxychloroquine for all patients!
also
NSAIDS, Steroids, antimalarials, cytotoxics, anticoagulants |
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|
Term
| Tinel's test evaluates which nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best test for evaluating a possible ACL injury: |
|
Definition
| Lachman's test best, Anterior drawer, similar to Lachman, but not as accurate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shoulder ROM (scratch front and back of opposite shoulder) |
|
|
Term
| Ortolani's click test in infants evaluates for: |
|
Definition
| Congenital hip dislocations. Winging out of hips produces a palpable click when positive. |
|
|
Term
| The most common injured ligament in an ankle sprain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
These target lesions are seen in which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atopy includes which dz's? |
|
Definition
| Asthma, hay fever, eczema |
|
|
Term
| Koebner's phenomenon (linear streaks near lesions) are seen with which skin condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sepsis is most commonly from what type of bacteria (Gram + or -) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tanner stage for elevation of nipple only is: |
|
Definition
| Tanner 1 - Preadolescence |
|
|
Term
1. Erythema migrans, a flat or slightly raised red lesion that expands over several days, typically with central clearing “bull’s eye”[image]
2. neuro sx, cardiac sx weeks/months after.
3. Arthritis - late stages
These are the 3 stages of ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| distended jugular veins on inspiration is what condition and seen in which dx? |
|
Definition
| Kussmaul's sign seen in constrictive pericarditis |
|
|
Term
Opisthotonos What is it?
When is this seen?
(3+ dz's) |
|
Definition
A state of severe hyperextension and spasticity in which an individual's head, neck and spinal column enter into a complete "bridging" or "arching" position.
Seen in infants with meningeal irritation, tardive dyskinesia, tetany. |
|
|
Term
| Cogwheel rigidity (jerking of arm muscles when passively stretched) is a cardinal sign of which dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wernickes vs Broca's aphasias |
|
Definition
Wernickes - receptive, no word understanding.
Broca's - expressive, word finding d/o |
|
|
Term
| hallmark of hemolytic anemia (like Sickle cell) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for localized Hodgkin's (stage 1,2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for dissemenated Hodgkin's (stage 3,4) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anemias with elevated bilirubin and LDH. Give examples. |
|
Definition
| Hemolytic anemias (malaria, DIC, transfusion rxn, drug use, Sickle Cell) |
|
|
Term
| Ann Arbor system is for staging of which dz's |
|
Definition
| Hodgkin's dz and Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| Erbs palsy. what is it and how does it occur? |
|
Definition
| Birth trauma palsy. injury to superior brachial plexus C5 and C6 |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| virus - psittacosis is from: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| virus - leptospirosis is from: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| virus - tularemia is from: |
|
Definition
| rabits. also ticks and humans |
|
|
Term
| ancephaly and spinabifida are caused by: |
|
Definition
| folate deficiency in early development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rubeola (measles) 3-5 day predrome, Koplik's spots, maculopapular rash
Rubella (german measles)mild predrome, tender lymphadenopathy, NO KOPLIK'S SPOTS |
|
|
Term
| Saber shin is a malformation of the tibia. It presents as a sharp anterior bowing of the tibia. Seen in what dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hutchinson's teeth, saddle nose and Saber shin is seen with which dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the bug which causes croup? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Asymptomatic abdominal mass (seen in 2-5 y/o's) arises anywhere w/in the kidney: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) in the first 2 weeks of life: |
|
Definition
| Spontaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is common. If significant respiratory distress or impaired systemic oxygen delivery is present, therapy is usually prudent. Intravenous (IV) indomethacin (or the newer preparation of IV ibuprofen) is frequently effective in closing a PDA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Erythromycin for 7-10 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5 alpha reductace inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pruritis, Planar (flat), Polyangular/polygonal, Purple, papular |
|
|
Term
| Neonates with meconium ileuses are more susecptable to which dz's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cotton wool spots on funduscopic exam are c/w which dx's |
|
Definition
| HTN, Malignant HTN (also AV nicking seen) |
|
|
Term
| Multiple eye disorders including pain and loss of central vision and swollen optic disk. MRI shows multiple white matter lesions on brain. Dx? |
|
Definition
| Optic neuritis (MS dx will usually follow) |
|
|
Term
| CSF with high protein and PSI, >300 polys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CSF with nl protein and PSI, <300 polys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Head bobbing a/w aortic regurg. what is the sign called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pulsatile blushing of nail beds associated with aortic regurg. what is this sign called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Labyrinthitis vs Menieres dz |
|
Definition
| Labyrinthitis is temporary (<6mos), Menieres dz is chronic and worsening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tests for evaluating a child, you are concerned with childhood obesity and its sequela, are? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glyburide and other sulfonylurea drugs have what affects on pt's |
|
Definition
| stimulation of insulin production by beta islet cells. |
|
|
Term
| Giant Cell arteritis a.k.a temporal arteritis is diagnosed with what test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AAA risk factors do not apply to women. Why? |
|
Definition
| Women have relatively low risk for AAA |
|
|
Term
| Hep-C most common mode of transmission: |
|
Definition
| Blood (needle sharing, tattoos etc.). Sex is a mode, but not most common. |
|
|
Term
| Pts are not considered infertal until they have had no success in conceiving in how long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First line drug therapy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for Tetanus (lock jaw) includes what plan? |
|
Definition
| Abx (flagyl) to tx C-tetani, Immune globulin to neutralize toxin and benzos to control spasms. (steroids are not helpful) |
|
|
Term
| A common side effect of ERCP is what dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt's with Alzheimer's have found improvement with which drug class? |
|
Definition
| Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| A rubbery prostate is found with which dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for endometriosis: |
|
Definition
| delayed child bearing, family hx, shortened menstrual cycles. |
|
|
Term
| Nl dx period for gestational DM: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MRI of brain of schizophrenia pt: |
|
Definition
| reduced brain volume. sometimes also enlarged lateral and third ventricals. |
|
|
Term
| Glargine and Lantus are both: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Essential tremors are treated with: |
|
Definition
| anticonvulsants, such as Primidone |
|
|
Term
| Strabismus - when the eyes are misaligned, can be treated with what topical agent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unilateral HA with tearing and rhinorrhea is what dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The classic triad of arthritis, conjunctivitis and urethritis are seen in which dx? |
|
Definition
| Reiter's syndrome (now called reactive arthritis) |
|
|
Term
| ototoxicity is a side effect of what class of antibiotics? |
|
Definition
| aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin) |
|
|
Term
| A patient is a diabetic if their HbA1c is above: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous lung dz. Granulomas produce angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE). Is elevated ACE diagnostic? |
|
Definition
| No. it's nonspecific, but suspicion is high |
|
|
Term
| A pt with latent TB is on Isoniazid for how long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acanthosis nigricans is a dark pigment see on which pt's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CXR with hilar node calcifications forming a "cracked egg shell" pattern suggests what dx? |
|
Definition
| Silicosis (quarry workers dz) |
|
|
Term
| Levonorgestrel is a medicine implanted in what devices? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Injuries to the rotator cuff usually involve which muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sarcoidosis usually affects what demographic? |
|
Definition
| Northern Europeans and African American Adults 20-40 years of age |
|
|
Term
| Placenta previa is present in a higher rate with what previous condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pathophysiology of shock: |
|
Definition
| inadequate cellular oxygen supply (inadequate tissue perfusion) |
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary trunk has how many arteries and veins going through hylum into each lung? |
|
Definition
| 2 pulmonary arteries and one pulmonary vein on each side. |
|
|
Term
| Obstructive PFT pattern is seen with which dzs? |
|
Definition
| Asthma, Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis. |
|
|
Term
| Restrictive PFTs are seen with which dzs? |
|
Definition
| Neuromuscular and chest wall dzs |
|
|
Term
| Most common type of Thyroid CA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A superficial lower esophageal tear caused by repeated vomiting: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
particularly prevalent among Mediterranean people, this form of anemia can form skeletal abnormalities and result in poor growth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What muscle is affected by this injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pt with recent trauma and the exam shows a collection of blood in the anterior chamber/
dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pt sts painless, sudden loss of vision in one eye. PMHx HLD, HTN
Exam shows retinal hemorrhages in all quadrants and swollen optic disk.
dx? |
|
Definition
Retinal vein occlusion.
Refer to ophthalmology. |
|
|
Term
74-year-old man with sudden vision loss in his right eye. He has a PMHx: HTN, CAD, and new-onset atrial fibrillation.
Exam+, +carotid bruit, visual acuity is light perception only. Confrontational visual fields reveal a dense scotoma, and a penlight examination shows an afferent pupillary defect.
Dilated funduscopic examination shows retinal whitening with a cherry-red spot in the fovea. Diagnosis? |
|
Definition
Retinal artery occlusion.
Refer to ophthalmology. |
|
|
Term
In a patient with amaurosis fugax, what is the most appropriate initial diagnostic study? |
|
Definition
1st choice: Carotid ultrasound
2nd choice: MR angiography |
|
|
Term
A painless temporary loss of vision in one or both eyes. Most episodes are the result of stenosis or atherosclerosis of the ipsilateral carotid artery. |
|
Definition
Amaurosis fugax (amaurosis meaning darkening, dark, or obscure, fugax meaning fleeting) is a painless temporary loss of vision in one or both eyes. Most episodes of amaurosis fugax are the result of stenosis or atherosclerosis of the ipsilateral
INTERNAL carotid artery. |
|
|
Term
Pts with noted noted “enfeeblement of memory” and “concepts formed slowly,” along with the classic three sx:
1. nystagmus,
2. intention tremor, and
3. ataxic dysarthria.
Likely diagnosis? |
|
Definition
Charcot's Triad seen early descriptions of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) |
|
|
Term
45-year-old man with new high cholesterol: LDL cholesterol level of 550 mg/dL. He states that his father and brother had high cholesterol and both died at a young age from a heart attack. He has had some occasional chest pain and abnormalities seen on his EKG. Additionally, you notice that he has well-demarcated yellow deposits around his eyes.
He was taking high dose statin and his LDL at 12 weeks is 350 mg/dL.
What is the next best step in this patient's management? |
|
Definition
Add ezetimibe (Zetia) 10 mg daily.
- Ezetimibe works by reducing the amount of cholesterol absorbed from the food
Then if still elevated, refer to a lipid specialist for starting on a PCSK9 inhibitor (Repatha). |
|
|
Term
Located is just above the cricopharyngeal muscle and causes dysphagia and regurgitation with cough and halitosis, but rarely pain.
|
|
Definition
Zenker's diverticulum.
Just above the cricopharyngeal muscle and causes dysphagia and regurgitation with cough and halitosis.
It is an outpouching of the posterior hypopharynx that can cause regurgitation of undigested food and liquid into the pharynx several hours after eating.
|
|
|
Term
Target lesions are the hallmark of this disorder, although they may not always be present.
[image]
Dx? |
|
Definition
Erythema multiforme
- 90% of erythema multiforme minor is related to HSV.
- EM can be induced by drugs (e.g., sulfonamides, phenytoin, barbiturates, penicillin, and allopurinol).
- Half of all cases occur in patients younger than 20 years of age. Tx: avoid precipitating substances. Severe=steroids
|
|
|
Term
Patients present with fever, photophobia, sore throat, mucosal inflammation, and sore mouth. The cutaneous lesions tend to be concentrated more on the trunk initially. The lesions may be painful or may sting.
Progression occurs over 4 days: diffuse erythema; morbilliform lesions; necrotic epidermis; wrinkled surfaces; sheetlike loss of epidermis and raised, flaccid blisters (positive Nikolsky sign).
|
|
Definition
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
SJS (generally <10% body surface area) is thought to be a severe variant of EM, and TEN (generally >30% body surface area) is thought to be a severe variant of SJS. |
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|
