Term
Chemical Burns
Sx and Signs |
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Definition
Sx:
1) normal or decrease VA
2) pain
3) FBS
4) photophobia
5) tearing
Signs:
- scattered SPK
- conj injection
- ciliary injection
- AC reaction (cells and flare)
- scleral and limbal blanching (severe burns)
Severe burns can increase IOP |
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Term
Chemical Burns
Pathophysiology/Diagnosis |
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Definition
alkali burns: worse Px than acidic burns because can breakdown fatty acids in the cell membrance and penetrate the cornea better
- Alkali burns are twice as common because of accessibility |
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Term
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Definition
Immediately irrigate BEFORE starting exam (Hx, VA, etc).
Use SALINE, RINGER's LACTATE SOLUTION, NON-STERILE WATER
avoid phenylephrine and other vasoconstrictors |
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Term
Corneal abrasion
Sx and Signs |
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Definition
Sx:
- sharp pain (especially after blinking)
- FBS
- photophobia, tearing
- blurred vision
- mild AC rxn
- mild miotic pupil
Signs:
- stains with FL
- NO underlying subepithelial infiltrate |
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Term
| Presentation of upper lid FB |
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Definition
| Linear, vertical corneal scratches |
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Term
| What should you ALWAYS do before removal of a FB? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
grey-white discoloration that can affect any location on the retina. May or may not be accompanied by hemorrhages or choroidal rupture.
*not damaging to surround bv's.
*typically resolves on its own |
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Term
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Definition
| commotio retinae located in the macula |
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Term
commotior retinae
Pathophysiology |
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Definition
| due to photoreceptor outer segment discruption |
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Term
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Definition
Sx: pain, blurred vision
Signs:
- can be red or black (can be seen by naked eye)
- microhyphemas: only red (need SL for observation)
- angle recession 60%
- significant IOP increase can occur |
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Term
Hyphema
Pathophysiology/Dx |
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Definition
- results from trauma to iris and/or CB
- B-scan (to R/O RD)
- 60% of pts will have angle recession
- rebleeds can occur and tend to be worse than the orignal presentation |
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Term
| What is a condraindicated procedure in a pt with hyphema? |
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Definition
GONIOSCOPY or SCLERAL DEPRESSION
(although you want to look at angle recession, do NOT because you do not want to disrupt and scatter the blood in the AC) |
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Term
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Definition
a black hyphema that emcompasses 100% of AC
- idiopathic
- common in AA and Mediterranean pts
- screen for sickle-cell and/or clotting disease!
- Order: CBS and Prothrombin time (PT/PTT) |
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Term
| What qurstion must you always ask in Case hx on a idiopathic hyphema such as a 8-ball hyphema? |
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Definition
AlWAYS inquire about NSAID or ASA use (of high doses)
because these medicines thins blood and interferes with clotting |
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Term
Orbital Floor Fracture
Epidemiology |
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Definition
| due to trauma by a LARGE object such as a fist or tennis ball |
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Term
Orbital Floor Fracture
Sx and Signs |
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Definition
Sx: Pain, binocular DIPL, CREPITUS after nose blowing
Signs: MANY. Varies according to which wall is fractured. Most commonly:
- dipl
- angle recession
- enopthalmos
- hyphema
- subconj heme
- RD
- etc |
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Term
Orbital Wall Fractures
4 things you should look for: |
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Definition
1. limiting upgaze (due to trapped inferior rectus)
2. forehead hypesthesia 9due to damge to infraorbial nerve)
3. postive forced ductions
4. periorbital crepitus |
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Term
| Why are obital floor fractures most common? What bone is affected? |
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Definition
| It is most cmmon because the maxillary bone in the posterior medial floor is the weakest bone in the orbit. it is also most susceptible to IOP increase during trauma |
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Term
| What tests should you NOT perform in orbital floor fractures? |
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Definition
| gonio or scleral depression |
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Term
| What should you advise your pt not to do within 48 hours of a orbital floor fracture? |
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Definition
| Blow their nose because that can induce orbital infection |
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Term
| What is the clinical signs that are different between preseptal cellulitis vs orbital cellulitis? |
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Definition
PC will NOT have
- proptosis
- fever
- pain on eye movement
- EOM restrictions |
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Term
Thyroid Eye Disease
Epidemiology |
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Definition
F:M ratio = 8:1
Most commonly presents 4th-5th decade of life |
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Term
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Definition
- ptosis
- Kocher's sign (stare appearance)
- Von Graefe's sign (lid lag during downgaze)
- corneal exposure signs (punctate keratitis, SLK
- EOM swelling |
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Term
Thyroid Eye Disease
List the EOMs affected from most common to least common |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Thryoid eye disease can cause APD, reduce CV, and VF loss |
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Definition
| true. If EOMS are swollen at the orbital apex, it can compress the ON can cause the aforementioned Sx |
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Term
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Definition
Hx: TB history?
Sx: Photophobia, lacrimation, blepharospasm
Signs: small, white (LYMPHOCYTIC) nodule with dilated vessels surrounding. Can be on CORNEA or CONJ
Pathophysiology:
- a result of a delayed hypersensitivity Rxn caused by blepharitis (staphylococcus), TB, acnea rosacea |
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Term
| Parinaud's OculoGLANDULAR Syndrome |
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Definition
Epid/Hx: rare
Sx: Red eye, FBS, MUCOPURULENT DISCHARGE
Signs: unilateral, granulomatous palpebral conjunctivitis, visibly swollen preauricular/submandibular lymphadenopathy. May have fever and rash
Pathophysiology: Occurs secondary to:
- cat-scratch fever (most common)
- tularemia (rabbit fever)
- TB
- Syphillis |
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Term
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Definition
Sx: itching burning
Signs: lice, nits, blood-tinged debris on lids and lashes. - - Mild to severe chronic follicular conjunctivitis
- swollen preauricular nodes
Patho/Dx:
- caused by Phtirus Pubis
- most commonly sexually transmitted but can result from direct contact
- is NOT demodicosis (associated with bleph) |
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Term
| Most plentiful Ab in circulation and ONLY Ab to cross placenta and protect the fetus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- made first in response to an antigen
- found primarily in the blood and on the surface of immature B-cells |
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Term
|
Definition
- made first in response to an antigen
- found primarily in the blood and on the surface of immature B-cells |
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Term
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Definition
| - excretions such as mucous, saliva, TEARS, and breast milk |
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